527
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Sierra Nevada, California, U.S.A., Snow Algae: Snow Albedo Changes, Algal-Bacterial Interrelationships, and Ultraviolet Radiation Effects

&
Pages 389-399 | Published online: 03 May 2018

References Cited

  • Bidigare, R. R., Ondrusek, M. E., Kennicutt II, M. C., Iturriga, R. H., Harvey, R., Hoham, R. W. and Macko, S. A., 1993: Evidence for a photoprotective function for secondary carotenoids of snow algae. Journal of Phycology, 29: 427–434.
  • Biggs, R. H. and Joyner, M. E. B. (eds.)., 1994: Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and UV-B Radiation in the Biosphere. NATO ASI Series I. Global Environmental Change, Vol. 18. New York: Springer-Verlag. 375 pp.
  • Blumthaler, M. and Ambach, W., 1990: Indication of increasing solar ultraviolet-B radiation flux in alpine regions. Science, 248: 206–208.
  • Blumthaler, M., Ambach, W. and Rehwald, W., 1992: Solar UV-A and UV-B radiation fluxes at two alpine stations at different altitudes. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 46: 39–44.
  • Carpenter, A., 1912: Photographing “red snow” in natural colors. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 1: 109–112.
  • Curl, H. C., Jr., Hardy, J. T. and Ellermeier, R., 1972: Spectral absorption of solar radiation in alpine snowfields. Ecology, 53: 1189–1194.
  • Czygan, F.-C., 1970: Blutregen und Blutschnee: Stichstoffmangelzellen von Haematococcus pluvialis und Chlamydomonas nivalis. Archiv für Mikrobiologie, 74: 69–76.
  • Fogg, G. E., 1967: Observations on the snow algae of the South Orkney Islands. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 252: 279–287.
  • Fukushima, H., 1963: Studies on cryophytes in Japan. Journal of the Yokohama Municipal University, Series C, Natural Sciences, 43: 1–146.
  • Häder, D.-P. and Häder, M. A., 1989: Effects of solar U.V.-B irradiation on photomovement and motility in photosynthetic and colorless flagellates. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 29: 273–282.
  • Häder, D.-P. and Worrest, R. C., 1991: Effects of enhanced solar ultraviolet radiation on aquatic ecosystems. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 53: 717–725.
  • Hardy, J. T. and Curl, H. C., 1972: The candy-colored, snow-flaked alpine biome. Natural History, 81: 74–78.
  • Helbling, E. W., Villafane, V., Ferrario, M. and Holm-Hansen, O., 1992: Impact of natural ultraviolet radiation on rates of photosynthesis and on specific marine phytoplankton species. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 80: 89–100.
  • Helbling, E. W., Villafane, V. and Holm-Hansen, O., 1994: Effects of ultraviolet radiation on Antarctic marine phytoplankton photosynthesis with particular attention to the influence of mixing. In Weiler, C. S. and Penhale, P. A. (eds.), Ultraviolet Radiation in Antarctica: Measurements and Biological Effects. Antarctic Research Series, Vol. 62. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union, 207–228.
  • Hobbie, J. E., Daley, R. J., and Jasper, S., 1977: Use of Nucleopore filters for counting bacteria by fluorescence microscopy. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 33: 1225–1228.
  • Hoham, R. W. 1975: The life history and ecology of the snow alga Chloromonas pichinchae (Chlorophyta, Volvocales). Phycologia, 14: 213–226.
  • Hoham, R. W., 1980: Unicellular Chlorophytes—Snow Algae. In Cox, E. R. (ed.), Phytoflagellates. New York: Elsevier/North Holland, 61–84.
  • Hoham, R. W., Laursen, A. E., Clive, S. O., and Duval, B., 1993: Snow algae and other microbes in several alpine areas in New England. In Ferrick, M. and Pangburn, T. (eds.), Proceedings of the Fiftieth Annual Eastern Snow Conference, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, 165–173.
  • Hoham, R. W., Yatsko, C. P., Germaine, L., and Jones, H. G., 1989: Recent discoveries of snow algae in Upstate New York and Quebec Province and preliminary reports on related snow chemistry. In Lewis, J. (ed.), Proceedings of the Forty-Sixth Annual Eastern Snow Conference, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, 196–200.
  • Hutchinson, J. S., 1905: First ascent: Mt. Humphreys. Sierra Club Bulletin, 5: 153–175.
  • Jones, A. K., 1982: The interactions of algae and bacteria. In Bull, A. T. and Slater, J. H. (eds.), Microbial Interactions and Communities. New York: Academic Press, 189–247.
  • Karentz, D., 1994: Ultraviolet tolerance mechanisms in Antarctic marine organisms. In Weiler, C. S. and Penhale, P. A. (eds.), Ultraviolet Radiation in Antarctica: Measurements and Biological Effects. Antarctic Research Series, Vol. 62. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union, 93–110.
  • Kawecka, B., 1981: Biology and ecology of snow algae. 2. Formation of aplanospores in Chlamydomonas nivalis, Chlorophyta, Volvocales. Acta Hydrobiologia, 23: 211–216.
  • Kol, E., 1968: Kryobiologie. Biologie und Limnologie des Schnees und Eises. I. Kryovegetation. In Elster, H.-J. and Ohle, W. (eds.), Die Binnengewasser, v. 24. Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart'sche (Nagele und Obermiller). 216 pp.
  • Komarek, J., Hindak, F., and Javornicky, P., 1973: Ecology of the green kryophilic algae from Belanske Tatry Mountains (Czechoslovakia). Archiv für Hydrobiologie Supplementband 41, Algological Studies, 9: 427–449.
  • Krzyscin, J. W., 1994: On the interannual oscillations in the north temperate total ozone. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99 (N.D. 7): 14527–14534.
  • Marks, D. and Dozier, J., 1992: Climate and energy at the snow surface in the alpine region of the Sierra Nevada. 2. Snow cover energy balance. Water Resources Research, 28: 3043–3054.
  • McCree, K. J., 1972: Test of current definitions of photosynthetically active radiation against leaf photosynthesis data. Agricultural Meteorology, 10: 443–453.
  • Mosser, J. L., Mosser, A. G., and Brock, T. D., 1977: Photosynthesis in the snow: The alga Chlamydomonas nivalis (Chlorophyceae). Journal of Phycology, 13: 22–27.
  • Parsons, T. R., Maita, Y., and Lalli, C. M., 1984: A Manual of Chemical and Biological Methods for Seawater Analysis. Oxford: Pergamon Press. 173 pp.
  • Perovich, D. K., 1993: A theoretical model of ultra-violet light transmission through Antarctic sea ice. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98 (C 12): 22579–22587.
  • Pollock, R., 1970: What colors the mountain snow? Sierra Club Bulletin 55: 18–20.
  • Roy, C. R., Gies, H. P., Tomlinson, D. W., and Lugg, D. L., 1994: Effects of ozone depletion on the ultraviolet radiation environment at the Australian stations in Antarctica. In Weiler, C. S. and Penhale, P. A. (eds.), Ultraviolet Radiation in Antarctica: Measurements and Biological Effects. Antarctic Research Series, Vol. 62. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union, 1–16.
  • Sampson, A., 1907: The aftermath of a club outing. Sierra Club Bulletin, 6: 153–174.
  • Sharsmith, C. W., 1935: Red snow at Tioga Pass. Yosemite Nature Notes, 14: 63.
  • Sharsmith, C. W., 1941: Observations on red snow. Yosemite Nature Notes, 20: 9–10.
  • Simon, M. and Azam, F., 1989: Protein content and protein synthesis rates of planktonic marine bacteria. Marine Ecology-Progress Series, 51: 201–213.
  • Smith, G. M., 1933: The Fresh Water Algae of the United States. New York: McGraw-Hill. 716 pp.
  • Smith, R. C., Prezelin, B. B., Baker, K. S., Bidigare, R. R., Boucher, N. P., Coley, T., Karentz, D., MacIntyre, S., Matlick, H. A., Menzies, D., Ondrusek, M., Wan, Z., and Waters, K. J., 1992: Ozone depletion: Ultraviolet radiation and phytoplankton biology in Antarctic waters. Science, 255: 952–958.
  • Solomon, S., 1990: Progress towards a quantitative understanding of Antarctic ozone depletion. Nature, 347: 347–354.
  • Stolarski, R. S., Bojkov, R., Bishop, L., Zerefos, C., Staehelin, J., and Zwadny, J., 1992: Measured trends in stratospheric ozone. Science, 256: 342–349.
  • Tazaki, K., Fyfe, W. S., Izumi, S., Sampei, Y., Watanabe, H., Goto, M., Miyake, Y., and Noda, S., 1994: Aerosol nutrients for ice algae. National Geographic Research and Exploration, 10: 116–117.
  • Thomas, W. H., 1972: Observations on snow algae in California. Journal of Phycology, 8: 1–9.
  • Thomas, W. H., 1994: Tioga Pass revisited: Interrelationships between snow algae and bacteria. In Troendle, C. (ed.), Proceedings of the Sixty-Second Annual Western Snow Conference, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 53–62.
  • Thomas, W. H., Cho, B. C., and Azam, F., 1991: Phytoplankton and bacterial production and biomass in subalpine Eastern Brook Lake, Sierra Nevada, California. II. Comparison with other high-elevation lakes. Arctic and Alpine Research, 23: 296–302.
  • Viala, G., 1966: L'astaxanthine chez le Chlamydomonas nivalis Wille. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de L'Academie des Sciences, Serie D: Sciences Naturelles, 263: 1383–1386.
  • Warren, S. G., 1982: Optical properties of snow. Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics, 20: 67–89.
  • Weiler, C. S. and Penhale, P. A., (eds.), 1994: Ultraviolet Radiation in Antarctica: Measurements and Biological Effects. Antarctic Research Series, Vol. 62. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union. 257 pp.
  • Weiss, R. L., 1983: Fine structure of the snow alga (Chlamydomonas nivalis) and associated bacteria. Journal of Phycology, 19: 200–204.
  • Wharton, R. A., Jr. and Vinyard, W. C., 1983: Distribution of snow and ice algae in western North America. Madrono, 30: 201–209.
  • Winther, J.-G., 1993: Short- and long-term variability of snow albedo. Nordic Hydrology, 24: 199–212.
  • Worrest, R. C. and Caldwell, M. M. (eds.), 1986: Stratospheric Ozone Reduction, Solar Ultraviolet Radiation and Plant Life. New York: Springer-Verlag. 374 pp.
  • Wynn-Williams, D. D., 1994: Potential effects of ultraviolet radiation on Antarctic primary terrestrial colonizers: Cyanobacteria, algae, and cryptogams. In Weiler, C. S. and Penhale P. A., (eds.) Ultraviolet Radiation in Antarctica: Measurements and Biological Effects. Antarctic Research Series, Vol. 62. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union, 243–257.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.