Distribution, Community Structure, and Microhabitats of Soil Invertebrates along an Elevational Gradient in Taylor Valley, Antarctica

References Cited

• Benninghoff, W. S. and Benninghoff, A. S., 1985: Wind transport of electrostatically charged particles and minute organisms in Antarctica. In Siegfried, W. R., Condy, P. R., and Laws, R. M. (eds.), Antarctic Nutrient Cycles and Food Webs. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 592–596.
   Google Scholar
• Bockheim, J. G., 1997: Properties and classification of cold desert soils from Antarctica. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 61: 224–231.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bremner, J. M. and Mulvaney, C. S., 1982: Nitrogen—total. In Page, A. L., Miller, R. H., and Keeney, D. R. (eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Agronomy 9. 2nd ed. Madison: American Society of Agronomy, 595–641.
   Google Scholar
• Burkins, M. B., 1997: Personal communication. Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, U.S.A.
   Google Scholar
• Burkins, M. B., Chamberlain, C. P., Virginia, R. A., and Freckman, D. W., 1997: The natural abundance of carbon and nitrogen isotopes in potential sources of organic matter to soils of Taylor Valley, Antarctica. Antarctic Journal of the United States (in press).
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, I. B. and Claridge, G. G. C., 1987: Antarctica: Soils, Weathering Processes and Environment. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 368 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Castro, C. E. and Thomason, I. J., 1973: Permeation dynamics and osmoregulation in Aphelenchus avenae. Nematologica, 19: 100–108.
   Google Scholar
• Chapin, F. S., III and Körner, C., 1994: Arctic and alpine biodiversity: patterns, causes and ecosystem consequences. Tree, 9: 45–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edongali, E. A., Duncan, L., and Ferris, H., 1982. Influence of salt concentration on infectivity and development of Meloidogyne incognita on tomato. Revue de Nématologie, 5: 111–117.
   Google Scholar
• Elkins, N. Z. and Whitford, W. G., 1984: The effects of high salt concentration on desert soil microarthropod density and diversity. Southwestern Naturalist, 29: 239–241.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freckman, D. W. and Mankau, R. 1986: Abundance, distribution, biomass and energetics of soil nematodes in a Northern Mojave Desert ecosystem. Pedobiologia, 29: 129–142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freckman, D. W. and Virginia, R. A., 1991: Nematodes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of southern Victoria Land. Antarctic Journal of the United States, 26: 233–234.
   Google Scholar
• Freckman, D. W. and Virginia, R. A., 1993: Extraction of nematodes from Dry Valley Antarctic soils. Polar Biology, 13: 483–487.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freckman, D. W. and Virginia, R. A., 1997: Low diversity Antarctic soil nematode communities: distribution and response to disturbance. Ecology, 78: 363–369.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacob, A., Kirst, G. O., Wiencke, C., and Lehmann, H., 1991: Physiological responses of the Antarctic green alga Prasiola crispa ssp. antarctica to salinity stress. Journal of Plant Physiology, 139: 57–62.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keeney, D. R. and Nelson, D. W., 1982: Nitrogen—inorganic forms. In Page, A. L., Miller, R. H., and Keeney, D. R. (eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Agronomy 9. 2nd ed. Madison: American Society of Agronomy, 643–698.
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy, A. D., 1993: Water as a limiting factor in the Antarctic terrestrial environment: A biogeographical synthesis. Arctic and Alpine Research, 25: 308–315.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kito, K., Shishida, Y., and Ohyama, Y., 1991: Plectus antarcticus de Man, 1904 and P. frigophilus Kirjanova, 1958 (Nematoda: Plectidae), with emphasis on the male, from the Soya Coast, East Antarctica. Nematologica, 37: 252–262.
   Google Scholar
• Mallows, C. L., 1973: Some comments on Cp. Technometrics, 15: 661–675.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maslen, N. R., 1981: The Signy Island terrestrial reference sites: XII. Population ecology of nematodes with additions to the fauna. British Antarctic Survey Bulletin, 53: 57–75.
   Google Scholar
• Nelson, D. W. and Sommers, L. E., 1982: Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. In Page, A. L., Miller, R. H., and Keeney, D. R. (eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Agronomy 9. 2nd ed. Madison: American Society of Agronomy, 539–594.
   Google Scholar
• Overgaard, C., 1948: Studies on the soil microfauna. 1. The moss inhabiting nematodes and rotifers. Naturvidenskabelig Skrifter Århus. 1: 1–98.
   Google Scholar
• Overhoff, A., Freckman, D. W., and Virginia, R. A., 1993: Life cycle of the microbivorous Antarctic Dry Valley nematode Scottnema lindsayae (Timm 1971). Polar Biology, 13: 151–156.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker, B. C., Simmons, G. M. Jr., Wharton, R. A. Jr., Seaburg, K. G., and Love, F. G., 1982: Removal of organic and inorganic material from Antarctic lakes by aerial escape of blue-green algal mats. Journal of Phycology, 18: 72–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickup, J., 1988: Ecophysiological studies of terrestrial free-living nematodes on Signy Island. British Antarctic Survey Bulletin, 81: 77–81.
   Google Scholar
• Pickup, J., 1990a: Strategies of cold-hardiness in three species of Antarctic dorylaimid nematodes. Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 160: 167–173.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickup, J., 1990b: Seasonal variation in the cold-hardiness of three species of free-living Antarctic nematodes. Functional Ecology, 4: 257–264.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pielou, E. C., 1977. Mathematical Ecology. New York: Wiley. 385 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Powers, L. E., Freckman, D. W., and Virginia, R. A., 1995: Spatial distribution of nematodes in polar desert soils of Antarctica. Polar Biology, 15: 325–333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ricci, C. N., 1987: Ecology of bdelloids: how to be successful. Hydrobiologia 147: 117–127.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAS Institute Inc., 1989a: SAS/STAT User's Guide, Version 6, Volume 1. Cary, North Carolina: SAS Institute Inc.
   Google Scholar
• SAS Institute Inc., 1989b: SAS/STAT User's Guide, Version 6, Volume 2. Cary, North Carolina: SAS Institute Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Schofield, E., 1972: Preserving the scientific value of cold desert ecosystems: Past and present practices and a rationale for the future. In Parker, B. C. (ed.) Conservation Problems in Antarctica. Blacksburg: Virginia Polytechnical Institute, 193–227.
   Google Scholar
• Schwarz, A. M. J., Green, T. G. A., and Seppelt, R. D., 1992: Terrestrial vegetation at Canada Glacier, Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica. Polar Biology, 12: 397–404.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sømme, L. 1995: Invertebrates in Hot and Cold Arid Environments. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. 275 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Spaull, V. W., 1973: Qualitative and quantitative distribution of soil nematodes of Signy Island, South Orkney Islands. British Antarctic Survey Bulletin, 33 & 34: 177–184.
   Google Scholar
• Tilbrook, P. J., 1967a: Arthropod ecology in the maritime Antarctic. In Gressitt, J. L. (ed.), Entomology of Antarctica. Antarctic Research Series, 10. Washington D.C.: American Geophysical Union, 331–356.
   Google Scholar
• Tilbrook, P. J., 1967b: The terrestrial invertebrate fauna of the maritime Antarctic. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, 252: 261–278.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vincent, W. F., 1988: Microbial Ecosystems of Antarctica. New York: Cambridge University Press. 304 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Virginia, R. A. and Jarrell, W. M., 1983: Soil properties in a mesquite-dominated Sonoran Desert ecosystem. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 47: 138–144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westh, P. and Kristensen, R. M., 1992: Ice formation in the freeze-tolerant eutardigrades Adorybiotus coronifer and Amphibolus nebulosus studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Polar Biology, 12: 693–699.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wharton, D. A. and Brown, I. M., 1989: A survey of terrestrial nematodes from the McMurdo Sound region, Antarctica. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 16: 467–470.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wharton, R. A. Jr. (ed.), 1991: McMurdo Dry Valleys: A cold desert ecosystem. National Science Foundation workshop report, Millbrook, NY.
   Google Scholar
• Worland, M. R. and Block, W., 1986: Survival and water loss in some Antarctic arthropods. Journal of Insect Physiology, 32: 579–584.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, D. J. and Newall, D. R., 1980: Osmotic and ionic regulation in nematodes. In Zuckerman, B. (ed.), Nematodes as Biological Models. London: Academic Press, 143–164.
   Google Scholar
• Wynn-Williams, D. D., 1990: Ecological aspects of Antarctic microbiology. Marshell, K. C. (ed.), Advances in Microbial Ecology. New York: Plenum Press, 71–146
   Google Scholar
• Yeates, G. W., 1970: Two terrestrial nematodes from the McMurdo Sound region, Antarctica, with a note on Anaplectus arenicola Killick, 1964. Journal of Helminthology, 44: 27–34.
   Google Scholar
• Yeates, G. W., Bongers, T., de Goede, R. G. M., Freckman, D. W., and Georgieva, S. S., 1993: Feeding habits in soil nematode families and genera—an outline for soil ecologists. Journal of Nematology, 25: 315–331.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar