792
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
People, Place, and Region

“Co-Agent of the Millennium”: City Planning and Christian Eschatology in the North American City, 1890–1920

&
Pages 727-747 | Received 01 Dec 2009, Accepted 01 Jul 2011, Published online: 27 Feb 2012

References

  • Abell , A. I. 1963 . American catholicism and social action: A search for social justice, 1865–1950 , Notre Dame , IN : University of Notre Dame Press .
  • Adams , T. 1935 . Outline of town and city planning , New York : Russell Sage Foundation .
  • Addams , J. 1899 . The subtle problems of charity . Atlantic Monthly , LXXXIII : 163 – 78 .
  • Addams , J. 1912 . Twenty years at Hull House, with autobiographical notes , New York : Macmillan .
  • Akenson , D. H. 1984 . The Irish in Ontario: A study in rural history , Kingston , , ON, Canada : McGill–Queen's University Press .
  • Allen , R. 1972 . The social gospel: Religion and social reform in Canada, 1914–1928 , Toronto : University of Toronto Press .
  • Anonymous . 1908 . Clark's Boston blue book: The élite private address, carriage and club directory, 1908 , Boston : Sampson and Murdoch .
  • Armitage , W. J. n.d. . The cities of refuge: Pictures of gospel-principles, gospel-promises, and gospel-privileges , 2nd ed. , London : Marshall Brothers .
  • Baeten , G. 2002 . The spaces of utopia and dystopia: Introduction . Geografiska Annaler Series B, Human Geography , 84 ( 3–4 ) : 141 – 42 .
  • Barnes , T. and Duncan , J. 1992 . Writing worlds: Discourse text and metaphor in the representation of landscape , Routledge : New York .
  • Beck , J. 2009 . John Nolen and his political ordering of landscapes , Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania . Unpublished PhD thesis
  • Birch , E. 1980 . Radburn and the American Planning Movement: The presistence of an idea . Journal of the American Planning Association , 46 ( 4 ) : 424 – 39 .
  • Bonar , H. 1880 . Does god care for our great cities? The question and answer from the Book of Jonah , London : Nisbet .
  • Boyer , C. 1983 . Dreaming the rational city: The myth of American city planning , Cambridge , MA : MIT Press .
  • Boyer , P. 1978 . Urban masses and moral order in America, 1820–1920 , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Boyer , P. 2010 . “ The geopolitics of end time belief in the era of George W. Bush ” . In Mapping the end times: American evangelical geopolitics and apocalyptic visions , Edited by: Dittmer , J. and Sturm , T. 233 – 48 . Farnham , , UK : Ashgate .
  • Boyle , M. 2010 . Beyond the “sigh of the oppressed creature”: A critical geographical enquiry into Christianity's contributions to the making of a peaceable West . Annals of the Association of American Geographers , 100 ( 3 ) : 678 – 94 .
  • Brothers , R. 1797 . A revealed knowledge of the prophecies and times: Book the first, wrote under the direction of the lord god, and published by his sacred command , West Springfield , MA : Edward Grey .
  • Brown , W. 2006 . American nightmare: Neoliberalism, neoconservatism, and de-democratization . Political Theory , 34 ( 6 ) : 690 – 714 .
  • Coleman , G. W. 1915 . Democracy in the making: Ford Hall and the open forum movement: A symposium , Boston : Little, Brown .
  • Conwell , R. 1915 . Acres of diamonds , New York and London : Harper .
  • Cook , R. 1985 . The regenerators: Social criticism in late Victorian English Canada , Toronto : University of Toronto Press .
  • Cosgrove , D. and Daniels , S. 1988 . The iconography of landscape: Essays on the symbolic representation, design, and use of past environments , Cambridge , , UK : Cambridge University Press .
  • Dittmer , J. and Sturm , T. 2010 . Mapping the end times: American evangelical geopolitics and apocalyptic visions , Farnham , , UK : Ashgate .
  • Doré , G. 1974 . The Doré bible illustrations , New York : Dover .
  • Driver , F. 1988 . Moral geographies: Social science and the urban environment in mid-nineteenth century England . Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers , 13 ( 3 ) : 275 – 87 .
  • Drummond , H. 1893 . The city without a church: An address , London : Hodder and Stoughton .
  • Duncan , J. 1988 . The city as text: The politics of landscape interpretation in the Kandyan Kingdom , Cambridge , , UK : Cambridge University Press .
  • Edwards , A. T. 1914 . A world center of communication . Town Planning Review , 5 ( April ) : 14 – 30 .
  • Eliot , C. W. 1909 . The religion of the future , Boston : John W. Luce .
  • Eliot , S. 1913 . A history of Cambridge, Massachusetts , Cambridge, MA : The Cambridge Tribune .
  • Everhart , R. O. 1914 . Engineering and the millennium . Methodist Review XCVI—Fifth Series , XXX : 40 – 44 .
  • Ford , G. and Warner , R. , eds. 1917 . City planning progress in the United States, 1917 , Washington , DC : The Journal of the American Institute of Architects .
  • Forsberg , C. R. 2004 . Equal rites: The Book of Mormon, masonry, gender and American culture , New York : Columbia University Press .
  • Freestone , R. 2011 . Reconciling beauty and utility in early city planning: The contribution of John Nolen . Journal of Urban History , 37 : 256 – 77 .
  • Gans , H. 1969 . Planning for people, not buildings . Environment and Planning , A 1 : 33 – 46 .
  • Gerckens , L. 1994 . “ Bettman of Cincinnatti ” . In The American planner: Biographies and recollections , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Krueckeberg , D. 183 – 215 . New Brunswick , NJ : Center for Urban Policy Research .
  • Gladden , W. 1892 . Sunday in Chicago . The Century: A Popular Quarterly , 45 ( 1 ) : 151
  • Hall , P. 2002 . Cities of tomorrow , 3rd ed , Malden , MA : Blackwell .
  • Hancock , J. 1964 . John Nolen and the American City Planning Movement: A history of culture change and community response, 1900–1940 , Pennsylvania : Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Pennsylvania .
  • Hancock , J. 1994 . “ John Nolen: The background of a pioneer planner ” . In The American planner: Biographies and recollections , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Krueckeberg , D. 60 – 84 . New Brunswick , NJ : Center for Urban Policy Research .
  • Harney , R. 1990 . “ Ethnicity and neighbourhoods ” . In Cities and urbanization: Canadian historical perspectives , Edited by: Stelter , G. 225 – 45 . Toronto : Copp Clark Pitman .
  • Hayek , F. A. [1945] 2001 . The road to serfdom: The condensed version as it appeared in the April 1945 edition of Reader's Digest , London : Institute of Economic Affairs .
  • Hofstadter , R. 1990 . Social Darwinism in American thought , Boston : Beacon Press .
  • Holloway , J. 2006 . Enchanted spaces: The seance, affect, and geographies of religion . Annals of the Association of American Geographers , 96 ( 1 ) : 182 – 87 .
  • Holloway , J. and Valins , O. 2002 . Editorial: Placing religion and spirituality in geography . Social & Cultural Geography , 3 ( 1 ) : 5 – 9 .
  • Howells , W. D. 1909 . Impressions and experiences , New York : Harpers & Brothers .
  • Jackson , P. 1989 . Maps of meaning: An introduction to cultural geography , London and New York : Routledge .
  • Jacobson , M. F. 1998 . Whiteness of a different color: European immigrants and the alchemy of race , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Johnson , P. 1978 . A shopkeeper's millennium: Society and revivals in Rochester, New York, 1815–1837 , New York : Hill and Wang .
  • Joyce , P. 2003 . The rule of freedom: Liberalism and the modern city , London : Verso .
  • Kong , L. 2001 . Mapping “new” geographies of religion: Politics and poetics in modernity . Progress in Human Geography , 25 : 211 – 33 .
  • Kong , L. 2010 . Global shifts, theoretical shifts: Changing geographies of religion . Progress in Human Geography , 34 ( 6 ) : 755 – 76 .
  • Kropotkin , P. 1916 . Mutual aid: A factor in evolution , New York : Alfred A. Knopf .
  • Krueckeberg , D. 1994 . “ The American planner: A new introduction ” . In The American planner: Biographies and recollections , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Krueckeberg , D. 1 – 35 . New Brunswick , NJ : Center for Urban Policy Research .
  • Lears , T. J. 1981 . No place of grace: Antimodernism and the transformation of American culture, 1880–1920 , New York : Pantheon .
  • Lees , L. H. 1979 . Exiles of Erin: Irish immigrants in Victorian London , Ithaca , NY : Cornell University Press .
  • Lees , L. H. 2003 . The emancipatory city? Paradoxes and possibilities , London : Sage .
  • Lindsay , D. M. 2007 . Faith in the halls of power: How evangelicals joined the American elite , New York : Oxford University Press .
  • MacDuff , J. R. 1865 . Cities of refuge, or the name of Jesus: A Sunday book for the young , New York : Robert Carter & Brothers .
  • Mackintosh , P. G. 2005 . “The development of higher urban life” and the geographical imagination: Beauty, art, and moral environmentalism in Toronto, 1900–1920 . Journal of Historical Geography , 31 : 688 – 722 .
  • Mackintosh , P. G. and Forsberg , C. R. Jr . 2009 . Performing the lodge: Masonry, masculinity and nineteenth-century North American moral geography . Journal of Historical Geography , 35 : 451 – 72 .
  • Marsden , G. 1980 . Fundamentalism and American culture: The shaping of twentieth-century evangelicalism, 1870–1925 , New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Marsden , G. 1990 . Religion and American culture , San Diego , CA : Harcourt Brace Jovanovich .
  • Mathews , S. 1910 . The social gospel , Boston, St. Louis, and Chicago: The Griffith and Rowland Press .
  • Mattson , K. 1998 . Creating a democratic public: The struggle for urban participatory democracy during the progressive era , University Park : Pennsylvania State University Press .
  • McDannell , C. 1985 . The Christian home in Victorian America, 1840–1900 , Bloomington: Indiana University Press .
  • McKay , I. 2000 . The liberal order framework: A prospectus for a reconnaissance of Canadian history . Canadian Historical Review , 81 ( 4 ) : 617 – 45 .
  • Mckenzie , J. L. 1965 . Dictionary of the Bible , New York : Macmillan .
  • McLaren , A. 1990 . Our own master race: Eugenics in Canada, 1885–1945 , Toronto : McLelland and Stewart .
  • McLoughlin , W. 1978 . Revivals, awakenings, and reform: An essay on religion and social change in America, 1607–1977 , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Meyer , M. 1988 . Response to modernity: A history of the reform movement in Judaism , New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Mitchell , D. 1995 . There's no such thing as culture: Towards a reconceptualization of the idea of culture in geography . Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers , 20 ( 1 ) : 102 – 16 .
  • Mitchell , D. 2000 . Cultural geography: A critical introduction , Oxford , , UK : Blackwell .
  • Moorhead , J. H. 1984 . The erosion of postmillennialism in American religious thought, 1865–1925 . Church History , 53 : 61 – 77 .
  • Naylor , S. and Ryan , J. R. 2002 . The mosque in the suburbs: Negotiating religion and ethnicity in South London . Social & Cultural Geography , 3 ( 1 ) : 39 – 59 .
  • Nolen , J. 1908 . San Diego: A comprehensive plan for its improvement , Boston : Ellis .
  • Nolen , J. 1911a . City planning and civic consciousness . New Boston , II ( 1 ) : 7 – 11 .
  • Nolen , J. 1911b . Madison: A model city . Boston: Cantwell Printing Company ,
  • Nolen , J. 1912 . Replanning small cities: Six typical studies , New York : Huebsch .
  • Nolen , J. 1914 . Town-planning library . Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science , 51 : 259 – 64 . (Housing and Town Planning)
  • Nolen , J. 1916 . “ The subdivision of land ” . In City planning: A series of papers presenting the essential elements of a city plan , Edited by: Nolen , J. 19 – 47 . New York : Appleton .
  • Nolen , J. 1919 . New ideals in the planning of cities, towns, and villages , New York : The American City Bureau .
  • Nolen , J. 1922 . The place of the beautiful in the city plan . National Conference on City Planning ,
  • Nolen , J. 1927 . “ Twenty years of city planning progress in the United States ” . In Planning problems of town, city, and region: Papers and discussions at the Nineteenth National Conference on City Planning, 1927 , 1 – 44 . New York : National Conference on City Planning .
  • Olmsted , F. L. Jr . 1916 . “ Introduction ” . In City planning: A series of papers presenting the essential elements of a city plan , Edited by: Nolen , J. 1 – 18 . New York : Appleton .
  • Pacyga , D. 2003 . Polish immigrants and industrial Chicago: Workers on the south side, 1880–1922 , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Patten , S. 1907 . The new basis of civilization , New York : Macmillan .
  • Peterson , J. 2003 . The birth of city planning in the United States, 1840–1917 , Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press .
  • Pettman , D. 2002 . After the orgy: Toward a politics of exhaustion , Albany : State University of New York Press .
  • Proctor , J. 2006 . Introduction: Theorizing and studying religion . Annals of the Association of American Geographers , 96 ( 1 ) : 165 – 68 .
  • Robinson , C. M. 1899 . Improvement in city life. III. Aesthetic progress . Atlantic Monthly , LXXXIII : 771 – 85 . (June)
  • Robinson , C. M. 1904 . Modern civic art: The city made beautiful , 2nd ed. , New York : G. P. Putnam .
  • Ross , J. E. 1912 . Consumers and social reform , New York : Devin-Adair .
  • Royce , J. 1908 . Race questions, provincialism, and other American problems , New York : Macmillan .
  • Royce , J. 1913 . The problem of Christianity, Vol. I , New York : Macmillan .
  • Ryan , J. A. 1906 . A living wage: Its ethical and economic aspect , New York : Macmillan .
  • Saunier , P.-Y. 1999 . Atlantic crosser: John Nolen and the Urban Internationale . Planning History , 21 ( 1 ) : 423 – 31 .
  • Schultz , S. 1989 . Constructing urban culture: American cities and city planning, 1800–1920 , Philadelphia : Temple University Press .
  • Scott , J. 1998 . Seeing like a state: How certain schemes to improve the human condition have failed , New Haven , CT : Yale University Press .
  • Seager , H. 1907 . Book review: The new basis of civilization, by Simon N. Patten . Charities and the Commons , XIX : 865 – 66 . October
  • Smith , L. T. [1957] 1980 . Revivalism and social reform: American Protestantism on the eve of the Civil War , Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press .
  • Stead , W. T. 1894 . If Christ came to Chicago!. , Chicago : Laird and Lee .
  • Stephenson , B. 2002 . The roots of the new urbanism: John Nolen's garden city ethic . Journal of Planning History , 1 : 99 – 123 .
  • Stetson , A. W. 1911 . Review: Democracy and the overman by C. Zueblin . The American Journal of Sociology , 17 ( 3 ) : 410 – 11 .
  • Strong , J. 1907 . The challenge of the city , New York : Young People's Missionary Movement .
  • Tulchinsky , G. 1992 . Taking root: The origins of the Canadian Jewish community , Toronto : Lester .
  • Tulchinsky , G. 2001 . “Justice and only justice shalt thou pursue”: Considerations on the social voice of Canada's reform rabbis ” . In Religion and public life in Canada: Historical and comparative perspectives , Edited by: Van Die , M. 313 – 28 . Toronto : University of Toronto Press .
  • Tuveson , E. L. 1968 . Redeemer nation: The idea of America's millennial role , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Underwood , G. 1993 . Millenarian world of early Mormonism , Urbana : University of Illinois Press .
  • Valverde , M. 1991 . The age of light, soap, and water: Moral reform in English Canada, 1885–1925 , Toronto : McClelland & Stewart .
  • Van Die , M . 1989 . An evangelical mind: Nathaniel Burwash and the Methodist tradition in Canada, 1839–1918 , Montreal and Kingston , , ON, Canada : McGill-Queen's University Press .
  • Veblen , T. 1899 . Theory of the leisure class , New York : Macmillan .
  • von Schultze-Gaevernitz , G. 1930 . Democracy and religion: A study in Quakerism , London : G. Allen & Unwin .
  • Walters , R. 1978 . American reformers, 1815–1860 , New York : Hill and Wang .
  • Walvoord , J. 1959 . The millennial kingdom , Grand Rapids , MI : Dunham .
  • Weber , T. 1979 . Living in the shadow of the Second Coming: American premillennialism, 1875–1925 , New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Weber , T. 1987 . Living in the shadow of the second coming: American premillennialism, 1875–1982 , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Wertheim , M. 1999 . The pearly gates of cyberspace: A history of space from Dante to the Internet , New York : Norton .
  • White , R. C. and Hopkins , C. H. 1976 . The social gospel: Religion and reform in changing America , Philadelphia : Temple University Press .
  • Zelinsky , W. 2001 . The uniqueness of the American religious landscape . Geographical Review , 91 ( 3 ) : 565 – 85 .
  • Zucchi , J. 1988 . Italians in Toronto: Development of a national identity, 1875–1935 , Montreal and Kingston , , ON, Canada : McGill-Queen's University Press .
  • Zueblin , C. 1898 . Municipal playgrounds in Chicago . American Journal of Sociology , 4 : 145 – 58 . (September)
  • Zueblin , C. 1899 . Industrial democracy . The Journal of Political Economy , 7 ( 2 ) : 182 – 203 .
  • Zueblin , C. 1903 . American municipal progress: Chapters in municipal sociology , New York : Macmillan .
  • Zueblin , C. 1904a . Harrisburg plan of municipal improvement . Chautauquan , 39 : 60 – 68 . (March)
  • Zueblin , C. 1904b . Washington, old and new . Chautauquan , 39 : 156 – 67 . (April)
  • Zueblin , C. 1905 . A decade of civic development , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Zueblin , C. 1908 . The religion of a democrat , New York : Huebsch .
  • Zueblin , C. 1910 . Democracy and the overman , New York : B. W. Huebsch .
  • Zueblin , C. 1915 . “ By a popular lecturer ” . In Democracy in the making: Ford Hall and the open forum movement. A symposium , Edited by: Coleman , G. W. 129 – 33 . Boston : Little, Brown .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.