Long-term estimates of live above-ground tree carbon stocks and net change in managed uneven-aged mixed species forests of sub-tropical Queensland, Australia

References

• Applegate, G.B. (1982) Biomass of blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis Sm.) forests on Fraser Island. Masters thesis, University of New England, Armidale.
   Google Scholar
• Applegate, G.B. (1989) Biomass of blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis Sm.) forests on Fraser Island. Australian Forestry 52, 195–196.
   Google Scholar
• Baker, T.R., Phillips, O.L., Malhi, Y., Almeida, S., Arroyo, L., Di Fiore, A., Erwin, T., Higuchi, N., Killeen, T.J., Laurance, S.G., Laurance, W.F., Lewis, S.L., Monteagudo, A., Neill, D.A., Vargas, P.N., Pitman, N.C.A., Silva, J.N.M. and Martinez, R.V. (2004) Increasing biomass in Amazonian forest plots. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 359, 353–365. doi:10.1098/rstb.2003.1422
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beadle, N.C.W. (1966) Soil phosphate and its role in molding segments of the Australian flora and vegetation, with special reference to xeromorphy and sclerophylly. Ecology 47, 992–1007. doi:10.2307/1935647
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beetson, T. (1992) Enhancing the Native Forest Detailed Yield Plot System. Queensland Forest Service, Brisbane.
   Google Scholar
• Bekessy, S.A. and Wintle, B.A. (2008) Using carbon investment to grow the biodiversity bank. Conservation Biology 22, 510–513. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00943.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botkin, D.B. and Simpson, L. (1990) Biomass of the North American Boreal forest: a step toward accurate global measures. Biogeochemistry 9, 161–174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botkin, D.B., Simpson, L.G. and Nisbet, R.A. (1993) Biomass and carbon storage of the North American deciduous forest. Biogeochemistry 10, 1–17.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, S., Schroeder, P. and Birdsey, R.A. (1997) Aboveground biomass distribution of US eastern hardwood forests and the use of large trees as an indicator of forest development. Forest Ecology and Management 96, 37–47. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00044-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burrows, W.H., Henry, B.K., Back, P.V., Hoffmann, M.B., Tait, L.J., Anderson, E.R., Menke, N., Danaher, T., Carter, J.O. and McKeon, G.M. (2002) Growth and carbon stock change in eucalypt woodlands in northeast Australia: ecological and greenhouse sink implications. Global Change Biology 8, 769–784. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00515.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canadell, J.G. and Mooney, H.A. (1999) Ecosystem metabolism and the global carbon cycle. Tree 14, 249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canadell, J.G., Dhakal, P.C.S., Dolman, H., Friedlingstein, P., Gurney, K.R., Held, A., Jackson, R.B., Le Que’re, C., Malone, E.L., Ojima, D.S., Patwardhan, A., Peters, G.P. and Raupach, M.R. (2010) Interactions of the carbon cycle, human activity, and the climate system: a research portfolio. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 2, 301–311. doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2010.08.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cant, M. and Mannes, D. (1995) Native Forest Permanent Plot Establishment. Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane, Queensland. 69 pp.
   Google Scholar
• DERM (2012) Broad Vegetation Groups of Queensland. Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane, Australia. Accessed 5 November 2012. Available from http://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/ecosystems/biodiversity/regional-ecosystems/bvg.html
   Google Scholar
• Detwiler, R.R. and Hall, A.S. (1988) Tropical forests and the global carbon cycle. Science 239, 42–47. doi:10.1126/science.239.4835.42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eamus, D., McGuinness, K. and Burrows, W. (2000) Review of Allometric Relationships for Estimating Woody Biomass for Queensland, the Northern Territory and Western Australia. National Carbon Accounting System, Australian Greenhouse Office, Canberra, 56 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Fensham, R.J. and Guymer, G.P. (2009) Carbon accumulation through ecosystem recovery. Environmental Science and Policy 12, 367–372. doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2008.12.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Florence, R.G. (1996) Ecology and Silviculture of Eucalypt Forests. CSIRO, Collingwood, Victoria, 413 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Gibbs, H.K., Brown, S., Niles, J.O. and Foley, J.A. (2007) Monitoring and estimating tropical forest carbon stocks: making REDD a reality. Environmental Research Letters 2, 1–13. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/2/4/045023
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gifford, R. (2000) Carbon Content of Woody Roots: Revised Analysis and Comparison with Woody Shoot Components. National Carbon Accounting System, Australian Greenhouse Office, Canberra.
   Google Scholar
• Gill, M.A. (1997) Eucalyptus and fires: interdependent or independent? In: Williams, J.E. and Woinarski, J.C.Z. (eds) Eucalyptus Ecology: Individuals to Ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 151–167.
   Google Scholar
• Heath, L.S., Smith, J.E., Skog, K.E., Nowak, D.J. and Woodall, W. (2011) Managed forest carbon estimates for the US greenhouse gas inventory, 1990–2008. Journal of Forestry 109, 167–173.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoover, C.M., Leak, W.B. and Keel, B.G. (2012) Benchmark carbon stocks from old-growth forests in north New England, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 266, 108–114. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2011.11.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houghton, R.A. (2005) Aboveground forest biomass and the global carbon balance. Global Change Biology 11, 945–958. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00955.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IPCC (International Panel on Climate Change) (2006) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Institute for Global Environmental Studies (IGES), Japan. Five volumes. Accessed 18 October 2014. Available from http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/0_Overview/V0_1_Overview.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Keith, H., Barret, D. and Keenan, R.J. (2000) Review of Allometric Relationships for Estimating Woody Biomass for New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia. National Carbon Accounting System, Australian Greenhouse Office, Canberra. 111 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Keith, H., Mackey, B.G. and Lindenmayer, D.B. (2009) Re-evaluation of forest biomass carbon stocks and lessons from the world’s most carbon-dense forests. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, 11635–11640. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901970106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keith, H., Mackey, B.G., Berry, S.L., Lindenmayer, D.B. and Gibbons, P. (2010) Estimating carbon carrying capacity in natural forests ecosystems across heterogeneous landscapes: addressing sources of error. Global Change Biology 16, 2971–2989.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, D., Lai, J., Muller-Landau, H.C., Mi, X., Ma, K. and Hector, A. (2012) Topographic variation in aboveground biomass in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in China. Plos One 7, e48244. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048244
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackey, B.G., Keith, H., Berry, S.L. and Lindenmayer, D.B. (2008) Green Carbon: The Role of Natural Forests in Carbon Storage. Part 1. A Green Carbon Account of Australia’s South-Eastern Eucalypt Forests, and Policy Implications. Australian National University. Canberra. 47 pp.
   Google Scholar
• McCormack, R.J. (1996) A review of forest practice codes in Australia. FAO Forestry Paper, FAO, Rome. Accessed 18 October 2014. Available from http://www.fao.org/docrep/w3646e/w3646e0f.htm
   Google Scholar
• Meteoblue (2014) Subtropical zone. Meteoblue AG. Accessed 10 February 2014. Available from http://www.meteoblue.com/en_GB/content/481
   Google Scholar
• Montreal Process (2009) Criteria and indicators for the conservation and sustainable management of temperate and boreal forests. Accessed 6 November 2012. Available from http://www.rinya.maff.go.jp/mpci/2009p_4.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Moroni, M.T. (2012) Aspects of forest carbon management in Australia – a discussion paper. Forest Ecology and Management 275, 111–116. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2012.03.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moroni, M.T., Kelley, T.H. and McLarin, M.L. 2010 Carbon in trees in Tasmanian state forest. International Journal of Forestry Research, 1–13. doi:10.1155/2010/690462
   Google Scholar
• Moroni, M.T., Kelley, T.H., McLarin, M.L. and Read, S.M. (2012) The wood, the trees, or the forest? Carbon in trees in Tasmanian state forest: a response to comments. International Journal of Forestry Research, 6. doi:10.1155/2012/848502
   Google Scholar
• Neldner, V.J., Wilson, B.A., Thompson, E.J. and Dillewaard, H.A. (2012) Methodology for Survey and Mapping of Regional Ecosystems and Vegetation Communities in Queensland. Version 3.2 updated August 2012. Queensland Herbarium, Queensland Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts, Brisbane. Accessed 18 October 2014. Available from http://www.qld.gov.au/environment/assets/documents/plants-animals/herbarium/herbarium-mapping-methodology.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Neldner, V.J., Niehus, R.E., Wilson, B.A., McDonald, W.J.F. and Ford, A.J. (2014) The Vegetation of Queensland. Descriptions of Broad Vegetation Groups. Version 1.0. Queensland Herbarium, Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts, Brisbane. Accessed 18 October 2014. Available from http://www.qld.gov.au/environment/plants-animals/plants/ecosystems/broad-vegetation/
   Google Scholar
• Ngugi, M.R., Botkin, D.B., Doley, D., Cant, M. and Kelley, J. (2013) Restoration and management of Callitris forest ecosystems in eastern Australia: simulation of attributes of growth dynamics, growth increment and biomass accumulation. Ecological Modelling 263, 152–161. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.05.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Queensland Government (1959) Forestry Act. L., Queensland Government, Brisbane, 256 pp.
   Google Scholar
• R Development Core Team (2011) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
   Google Scholar
• Rafter, J.A., Abell, M.L. and Braselton, J.P. (2002) Multiple comparison methods for means. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics 44, 259–278.
   Google Scholar
• Richards, G., Evans, D., Reddin, A. and Leitch, J. (2005) The FullCAM Carbon Accounting Model. (Version 3.0) User manual. National Carbon Accounting System, Department of the Environment and Heritage, Canberra, 332 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Roxburgh, S.H., Wood, S.W., Mackey, B.G., Woldendorp, G. and Gibbons, P. (2006) Assessing the carbon sequestration potential of managed forests: a case study from temperate Australia. Journal of Applied Ecology 43, 1149–1159. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01221.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saatchi, S.S., Harris, N.L., Brown, S., Lefsky, M., Mitchard, E.T.A., Salas, W., Zutta, B.R., Buermann, W., Lewis, S.L., Hagen, S., Patrova, S., White, L., Silman, M. and More, A. (2011) Benchmark map of forest carbon stocks in tropical regions across three continents. PNAS doi:10.1073/pnas.1019576108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sattler, P.S. and Williams, R.D. (eds) (1999) The Conservation Status of Queensland’s Bioregional Ecosystems. Environmental Protection Agency, Brisbane, 625 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Sierra, C.A., Del Valle, J.I., Orrego, S.A., Moreno, F.H., Harmon, M.E., Zapata, M., Colorado, G.J., Herrera, M.A., Lara, W., Restrepo, D.E., Berrouet, L.M., Loaiza, L.M. and Benjumea, J.F. (2007) Total carbon stocks in a tropical forest landscape of the Porce region, Colombia. Forest Ecology and Management 243, 299–309 doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snowdon, P., Eamus, D., Gibbons, P., Khanna, P., Keith, H., Raison, J. and Kirschbaum, M. (2000) Synthesis of Allometrics, Review of Root Biomass and Design of Future Woody Biomass Sampling Strategies. Australian Greenhouse Office, Canberra, 114 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Specht, R.L. and Specht, A. (1999) Australian Plant Communities: Dynamics of Structure, Growth and Biodiversity. Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 492 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Stinson, G., Kurz, W.A., Smyth, C.E., Neilson, E.T., Dymond, C.C., Metsaranta, J.M., Boisvenue, C., Rampley, G.J., Li, Q., White, T.M. and Blain, D. (2011) An inventory-based analysis of Canada’s managed forest carbon dynamics, 1990 to 2008. Global Change Biology 17, 2227–2244. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02369.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomson, A.M., César Izaurralde, R.C., Smith, S.J. and Clarke, L.E. (2008) Integrated estimates of global terrestrial carbon sequestration. Global Environmental Change 18, 192–203. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2007.10.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Werf, G.R., Morton, D.C., Defries, R.S., Olivier, J.G.J., Kasibhatla, P.S., Jackson, R.B., Collatz, G.J. and Randerson, J.T. (2009) CO2 emissions from forest loss. Nature Geoscience 2, 737–738. doi:10.1038/ngeo671
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanclay, J.K. (1988) A stand growth model for yield regulation in north Queensland rainforests. In: Ek, A.R., Shifley, S.R. and Burk, T.E. (eds) Forest Growth Modelling and Prediction. USDA, Minneapolis, Minnesota, pp. 928–935.
   Google Scholar
• Ximenes, F.A., Gardner, W.D. and Richards, G.P. (2006) Total above-ground biomass and biomass in commercial logs following the harvest of spotted gum (Corymbia maculata) forests of SE NSW. Australian Forestry 69, 213–222. doi:10.1080/00049158.2006.10675001
   Google Scholar