Translation and validation of the Swedish version of the Self-Compassion Scale for Youth

References

• Beck, J. S., Beck, T. A., & Jolly, B. J. (2001). Manual for the Beck Youth Inventories of Emotional and Social Impairment. The Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Beck, J. S., Beck, A. T., Jolly, J. B., Tideman, E., & Näswall, K. (2017). Swedish manual for the Beck Youth Inventories of Emotional and Social Impairment [Becks ungdomsskalor]. Psykologiförlaget AB.
   Google Scholar
• Blom, E. H., Bech, P., Hogberg, G., Larsson, J. O., & Serlachius, E. (2012). Screening for depressed mood in an adolescent psychiatric context by brief self-assessment scales - testing psychometric validity of WHO-5 and BDI-6 indices by latent trait analyses. Health Quality of Life Outcomes, 10(1), 149. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-10-149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bluth, K., & Blanton, P. W. (2015). The influence of self-compassion on emotional well-being among early and older adolescent males and females. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(3), 219–230. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2014.936967
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bluth, K., Campo, R. A., Futch, W. S., & Gaylord, S. A. (2017). Age and gender differences in the associations of self-compassion and emotional well-being in a large adolescent sample. Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 46(4), 840–853. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0567-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bluth, K., Gaylord, S. A., Campo, R. A., Mullarkey, M. C., & Hobbs, L. (2016). Making friends with yourself: A mixed methods pilot study of a mindful self-compassion program for adolescents. Mindfulness (N Y), 7(2), 479–492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-015-0476-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boggiss, A. L., Consedine, N. S., Schache, K. R., Jefferies, C., Bluth, K., Hofman, P. L., & Serlachius, A. S. (2020). A brief self-compassion intervention for adolescents with type 1 diabetes and disordered eating: A feasibility study. Diabetic Medicine, 37(11), 1854–1860. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.14352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brach, T. (2003). Radical acceptance: Embracing your life with the heart of a Buddha. Bantam.
   Google Scholar
• Bradbury-Jones, C., Appleton, J. V., Clark, M., & Paavilainen, E. (2019). A profile of gender-based violence research in Europe: Findings from a focused mapping review and synthesis. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 20(4), 470–483. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838017719234
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bratt, A., Gralberg, I.-M., Svensson, I., & Rusner, M. (2020). Gaining the courage to see and accept oneself: Group-based compassion-focussed therapy as experienced by adolescent girls. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 25(4), 909–921. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104520931583
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods & Research, 21(2), 230–258. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124192021002005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke, A. S., Shapero, B. G., Pelletier-Baldelli, A., Deng, W. Y., Nyer, M. B., Leathem, L., Namey, L., Landa, C., Cather, C., & Holt, D. J. (2019). Rationale, methods, feasibility, and preliminary outcomes of a transdiagnostic prevention program for at-risk college students. Front Psychiatry, 10, 1030, Article 1030. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.01030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caine, E. D., Reed, J., Hindman, J., & Quinlan, K. (2018). Comprehensive, integrated approaches to suicide prevention: Practical guidance. Injury Prevention, 24(Suppl 1), i38. https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cella, D., Gershon, R., Lai, J. S., & Choi, S. (2007). The future of outcomes measurement: Item banking, tailored short-forms, and computerized adaptive assessment. Quality of Life Research, 16(1), 133–141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-007-9204-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 9(2), 233–255. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem0902_5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chorpita, B. F., Moffitt, C. E., & Gray, J. (2005). Psychometric properties of the revised child anxiety and depression scale in a clinical sample. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43(3), 309–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2004.02.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chorpita, B. F., & Spence, S. H. (1998, August 11). Revised children’s anxiety and depression scale. https://www.childfirst.ucla.edu/resources/
   Google Scholar
• Cleare, S., Gumley, A., Cleare, C. J., & O’Connor, R. C. (2018). An investigation of the factor structure of the self-compassion scale. Mindfulness (N Y), 9(2), 618–628. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0803-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connell, R. (2009). About gender (Vol. 2). Daidalos.
   Google Scholar
• Cunha, M., Xavier, A., & Castilho, P. (2016). Understanding self-compassion in adolescents: Validation study of the self-compassion scale. Personality & Individual Differences, 93, 56–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.09.023
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodd, J., & Littleton, H. (2017). Sexual assault and sexual risk behaviors among lower-income rural women: The mediating role of self-worth. Violence & Victims, 32(1), 110–125. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.VV-D-15-00119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donovan, E., Bluth, K., Scott, H., Mohammed, M., & Cousineau, T. M. (2021). Feasibility and acceptability of implementing the making friends with yourself intervention on a college campus. Journal of American College Health, 71(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2021.1891077
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esbjørn, B. H., Sømhovd, M. J., Turnstedt, C., & Reinholdt Dunne, M. L. (2012). Assessing the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) in a national sample of Danish youth aged 8–16 years (RCADS in Danish youth). PLos One, 7(5), e37339. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrari, M., Ciarrochi, J., Yap, K., Sahdra, B., & Hayes, S. C. (2022). Embracing the complexity of our inner worlds: Understanding the dynamics of self-compassion and self-criticism. Mindfulness, 13(7), 1652–1661. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01897-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Field, A. P. (2018). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (5th ed.). Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Finch, H. W., French, B. F., & Hernandez Finch, M. E. (2018). Comparison of methods for factor invariance testing of a 1-factor model with small samples and skewed latent traits. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(332), 332. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00332
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert, P., Catarino, F., Duarte, C., Matos, M., Kolts, R., Stubbs, J., Ceresatto, L., Duarte, J., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Basran, J. (2017). The development of compassionate engagement and action scales for self and others. Journal of Compassionate Health Care, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40639-017-0033-3
   Google Scholar
• Goodman, R. (2001). Psychometric properties of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. The Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40(11), 1337–1345. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200111000-00015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagquist, C. (2007). The psychometric properties of the self-reported SDQ – an analysis of Swedish data based on the Rasch model. Personality & Individual Differences, 43(5), 1289–1301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.03.022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hambleton, R. K. (2004). Issues, designs, and technical guidelines for adapting tests into multiple languages and cultures. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410611758
   Google Scholar
• Henje, E., Rindestig, F. C., Gilbert, P., & Dennhag, I. (2020). Psychometric validity of the compassionate engagement and action scale for adolescents: A Swedish version. Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 8(1), 70–80. https://doi.org/10.21307/sjcapp-2020-007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kline, R. B. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Koo, T. K., & Li, M. Y. (2016). A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 15(2), 155–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2016.02.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, C.-H. (2016a). Confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data: Comparing robust maximum likelihood and diagonally weighted least squares. Behavior Research Methods, 48(3), 936–949. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-015-0619-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, C.-H. (2016b). The performance of ML, DWLS, and ULS estimation with robust corrections in structural equation models with ordinal variables. Psychological Methods, 21(3), 369–387. https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000093
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liss, M., & Erchull, M. J. (2015). Not hating what you see: Self-compassion may protect against negative mental health variables connected to self-objectification in college women. Body Image, 14, 5–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.02.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacBeth, A., & Gumley, A. (2012). Exploring compassion: A meta-analysis of the association between self-compassion and psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(6), 545–552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2012.06.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsh, I. C., Chan, S. W. Y., & MacBeth, A. (2018). Self-compassion and psychological distress in adolescents - a meta-analysis. Mindfulness (N Y), 9(4), 1011–1027. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0850-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonagh, J. E., Ambresin, A.-E., Boisen, K. A., Fonseca, H., Jakobsson Kruse, P., Meynard, A., Stronski, S., Michaud, P.-A., & Takeuchi, Y. L. (2018). The age of adolescence … and young adulthood. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 2(4), e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(18)30079-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Muris, P., & Petrocchi, N. (2017). Protection or vulnerability? A meta-analysis of the relations between the positive and negative components of self-compassion and psychopathology. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 24(2), 373–383. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neff, K. D. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neff, K. D. (2015). The self-compassion scale is a valid and theoretically coherent measure of self-compassion. Mindfulness, 7(1), 264–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-015-0479-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neff, K. D., Tóth-Király, I., Yarnell, L. M., Arimitsu, K., Castilho, P., Ghorbani, N., Guo, H. X., Hirsch, J. K., Hupfeld, J., Hutz, C. S., Kotsou, I., Lee, W. K., Montero-Marin, J., Sirois, F. M., de Souza, L. K., Svendsen, J. L., Wilkinson, R. B., & Mantzios, M. (2019). Examining the factor structure of the Self-Compassion Scale in 20 diverse samples: Support for use of a total score and six subscale scores. Psychological Assessment, 31(1), 27–45. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000629
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neff, K. D., Bluth, K., Toth-Kiraly, I., Davidson, O., Knox, M. C., Williamson, Z., & Costigan, A. (2021). Development and validation of the self-compassion scale for youth. Journal of Personality Assessment, 103(1), 92–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2020.1729774
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neff, K. D., & McGehee, P. (2010). Self-compassion and psychological resilience among adolescents and young adults. Self and Identity, 9(3), 225–240. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860902979307
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicolaidis, D. (2018). Begreppsvaliditeten hos en översättning av the self-compassion scale [Content validity in a translation of the self-compassion scale] (Publication Number 8963435). Lund University. https://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/search/publication/8963435
   Google Scholar
• Norrbottens läns landsting. (2013). Self-compassion scale: Hur jag behandlar mig själv när jag har det svårt [Self-compassion scale: How I treat myself when I have troubles]. Norrbottens läns landsting.
   Google Scholar
• Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory. McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Parpart, J. L., Connelly, M. P., & Barriteau, V. E. (2000). Theoretical perspectives on gender and development. The International Development Research Centre. https://www.idrc.ca/sites/default/files/openebooks/272-4/index.html#page_51
   Google Scholar
• Ragelienė, T. (2016). Links of adolescents identity development and relationship with peers: A systematic literature review. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Journal de l’Académie Canadienne de Psychiatrie de L’enfant et de l’Adolescent, 25(2), 97–105. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12014
   Google Scholar
• Rindestig, F. C., Wiberg, M., Henje, E., & Dennhag, I. (2020). Psychometrics of three physical pediatric item banks from the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS)®: Pain interference, fatigue and physical activity. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 5(1), 105-105. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-021-00382-2
   Google Scholar
• Rossell, Y. (2018). Latent variable analysis, version 0.6-3. http://lavaan.org/
   Google Scholar
• Stahl, S., & Dennhag, I. (2020). Online and offline sexual harassment associations of anxiety and depression in an adolescent sample. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 75(5), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039488.2020.1856924
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statistiska Centralbyrån. (1984). Socioekonomisk indelning (SEI).
   Google Scholar
• Statistiska Centralbyrån. (2019). SEI yrkesförteckning version 2019-02-21.
   Google Scholar
• Susman, E., & Dorn, L. (2009). Puberty: Its role in development. Handbook of adolescent psychology (3rd ed.). Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Svetina, D., Rutkowski, L., & Rutkowski, D. (2019). Multiple-group invariance with categorical outcomes using updated guidelines: An illustration using mplus and the lavaan/semtools packages. Structural Equation Modeling, 27(1), 111–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2019.1602776
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yarnell, L. M., Stafford, R. E., Neff, K. D., Reilly, E. D., Knox, M. C., & Mullarkey, M. (2015). Meta-analysis of gender differences in self-compassion. Self and Identity, 14(5), 499–520. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2015.1029966
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeller, M., Yuval, K., Nitzan-Assayag, Y., & Bernstein, A. (2015). Self-compassion in recovery following potentially traumatic stress: Longitudinal study of at-risk youth. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 43(4), 645–653. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-014-9937-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar