Spatial and temporal variations in the White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla breeding diet revealed by prey remains

References

• Bartoń, K. 2019. MuMIn: multi-model inference. R package version 1.43.6. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=MuMIn.
   Google Scholar
• Bates, D., Maechler, M., Bolker, B. & Walker, S. 2015. Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J. Stat. Softw. 67: 1–48. doi: 10.18637/jss.v067.i01
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bedrosian, G., Watson, J.W., Steenhof, K., Kochert, M.N., Preston, C.R., Woodbridge, B., Williams, G.E., Keller, K.R. & Crandall, R.H. 2017. Spatial and temporal patterns in Golden Eagle diets in the Western United States, with implications for conservation planning. J. Raptor Res. 51: 347–367. doi: 10.3356/JRR-16-38.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakarov, N. & Krüger, O. 2010. Mesopredator release by an emergent superpredator: a natural experiment of predation in a three level guild. PLOS One 5: e15229. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015229
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clouet, M., Gerard, J.F., Goar, J.L., Goulard, M., González, L., Rebours, I. & Faure, C. 2017. Diet and breeding performance of the Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos at the eastern and western extremities of the Pyrenees: an example of intra-population variability. Ardeola 64: 347–361. doi: 10.13157/arla.64.2.2017.ra4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delibes-Mateos, M., Redpath, S.M., Angulo, E., Ferreras, P. & Villafuerte, R. 2007. Rabbits as a keystone species in southern Europe. Biol. Conserv. 137: 149–156. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2007.01.024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dementavičius, D. 2007. White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) in Lithuania: population numbers and trends 1900–2007. Acta Zool. Litu. 17: 281–285. doi: 10.1080/13921657.2007.10512845
   Google Scholar
• Dementavičius, D., Rumbutis, S., Vaitkuvienė, D., Dagys, M. & Treinys, R. 2019. No adverse effects on Lesser Spotted Eagle breeding in an area of high White-tailed Eagle density. J. Ornithol. 160: 453–461. doi: 10.1007/s10336-019-01625-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekblad, C.M.S., Sulkava, S., Stjernberg, T.G. & Laaksonen, T.K. 2016. Landscape-scale gradients and temporal changes in the prey species of the White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla). Ann. Zool. Fenn. 53: 228–240. doi: 10.5735/086.053.0401
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fasce, P., Fasce, L., Villers, A., Bergese, F. & Bretagnolle, V. 2011. Long-term breeding demography and density dependence in an increasing population of Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos. Ibis 153: 581–591. doi: 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2011.01125.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinänen, S., Žydelis, R., Dorsch, M., Nehls, G. & Skov, H. 2017. High-resolution sea duck distribution modeling: relating aerial and ship survey data to food resources, anthropogenic pressures, and topographic variables. Condor 119: 175–190. doi: 10.1650/CONDOR-16-57.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helander, B. 1983. Reproduction of the white-tailed sea eagle Haliaeetus albicilla (L.) in Sweden, in relation to food and residue levels of organochlorine and mercury compounds in the eggs. PhD Thesis, University of Stockholm, Sweden.
   Google Scholar
• Helander, B., Bignert, A., Herrmann, C. & Stjernberg, T. 2013. White-tailed Eagle productivity. HELCOM core indicator report. http://helcom.fi/Core%20Indicators/HELCOM-CoreIndicator-Whitetail_Eagle_productivity.pdf. Accessed 20 December 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Heuck, C., Herrmann, C., Schabo, D.G., Brandl, R. & Albrecht, J. 2017. Density-dependent effects on reproductive performance in a recovering population of White-tailed Eagles Haliaeetus albicilla. Ibis 159: 297–310. doi: 10.1111/ibi.12444
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoy, S.R., Petty, S.J., Millon, A., Whitfield, D.P., Marquiss, M., Anderson, D.I.K., Davison, M. & Lambin, X. 2017. Density-dependent increase in superpredation linked to food limitation in a recovering population of northern goshawks Accipiter gentilis. J. Avian Biol. 48: 1205–1215. doi: 10.1111/jav.01387
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IUCN. 2019. The IUCN red list of threatened species. Version 2019-3. http://www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 10 December 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Ivanovski, V.V. 2012. Birds of Prey in Belorussian Poozerie. Vitebsk State University, Vitebsk (in Russian).
   Google Scholar
• Kamarauskaitė, A., Dementavičius, D., Skuja, S., Dagys, M. & Treinys, R. 2020. Interaction between the White-tailed Eagle and Common Buzzard estimated by diet analysis and brood defence behaviour. Ornis Fenn. 97: 26–37.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katzner, T.E., Bragin, E.A., Knick, S.T. & Smith, A.T. 2005. Relationship between demographics and diet specificity of Imperial Eagles Aquila heliaca in Kazakhstan. Ibis 147: 576–586. doi: 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2005.00443.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, K. & Wrigley, N. 1995. Generalized additive models, graphical diagnostics, and logistic regression. Geogr. Anal. 27: 1–21. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00333.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kojola, I., Tuomivaara, J., Heikkinen, S., Heikura, K., Kilpeläinen, K., Keränen, J., Paasivaara, A. & Ruusila, V. 2009. European wild forest reindeer and wolves: endangered prey and predators. Ann. Zool. Fenn. 46: 416–422. doi: 10.5735/086.046.0602
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korpimäki, E., Huhtala, K. & Sulkava, S. 1990. Does the year-to-year variation in the diet of eagle and Ural owls support the alternative prey hypothesis? Oikos 58: 47–54. doi: 10.2307/3565359
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krüger, O., Chakarov, N., Nielsen, J.T., Volkher, L., Grünkorn, T., Struwe-Juhl, B. & Møller, A.P. 2012. Population regulation by habitat heterogeneity or individual adjustment? J. Anim. Ecol. 81: 330–340. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01904.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, S.B., Fuller, M.R. & Titus, K. 2004. A comparison of 3 methods for assessing raptor diet during the breeding season. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 32: 373–386. doi: 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)32[373:ACOMFA]2.0.CO;2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lourenço, R., Santos, S.M., Rabaça, J.E. & Penteriani, V. 2011. Superpredation patterns in four large European raptors. Popul. Ecol. 53: 175–185. doi: 10.1007/s10144-010-0199-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milchev, B., Spassov, N. & Popov, V. 2012. Diet of the Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) after livestock reduction in Eastern Bulgaria. North West J. Zool. 8: 315–323.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mlíkovský, J. 2009. The food of the White-tailed Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) at Lake Baikal, East Siberia. Slovak. Raptor J. 3: 35–39. doi: 10.2478/v10262-012-0031-5
   Google Scholar
• Nadjafzadeh, M., Hofer, H. & Krone, O. 2015. Lead exposure and food processing in white-tailed eagles and other scavengers: an experimental approach to simulate lead uptake at shot mammalian carcasses. Eur. J. Wildl. Res. 61: 763–774. doi: 10.1007/s10344-015-0953-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadjafzadeh, M., Hofer, H. & Krone, O. 2016b. Sit-and-wait for large prey: foraging strategy and prey choice of White-tailed Eagles. J. Ornithol. 157: 165–178. doi: 10.1007/s10336-015-1264-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadjafzadeh, M., Voigt, C.C. & Krone, O. 2016a. Spatial, seasonal and individual variation in the diet of White-tailed Eagles Haliaeetus albicilla assessed using stable isotope ratios. Ibis 158: 1–15. doi: 10.1111/ibi.12311
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakagawa, S., Johnson, P.C.D. & Schielzeth, H. 2017. The coefficient of determination R2 and intra-class correlation coefficient from generalized linear mixed-effects models revisited and expanded. J. R. Soc. Interface 14: 20170213. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newton, I. 1980. The role of food in limiting bird numbers. Ardea 68: 11–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newton, I. 2003. The role of natural factors in the limitation of bird of prey numbers: a brief review of the evidence. In Thompson, D.B.A., Redpath, S.M., Fielding, A.H., Marquiss, M. & Galbraith, C.A. (eds) Birds of Prey in a Changing Environment, 5–23. Scottish Natural Heritage/The Stationery Office, Edinburgh.
   Google Scholar
• O’Brien, T.G., Kinnaird, M.F., Ekwanga, S., Wilmers, C., Williams, T., Oriol-Cotterill, A., Rubenstein, D. & Frank, L.G. 2018. Resolving a conservation dilemma: vulnerable lions eating endangered zebras. PLOS One 13: e0201983. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201983
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penteriani, V., Faivre, B. & Frochot, B. 2001. An approach to identify factors and levels of nesting habitat selection: a cross-scale analysis of Goshawk preferences. Ornis Fenn. 78: 159–167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preston, C.R., Jones, R.E. & Horton, N.S. 2017. Golden Eagle diet breadth and reproduction in relation to fluctuations in primary prey abundance in Wyoming’s Bighorn Basin. J. Raptor Res. 51: 334–346. doi: 10.3356/JRR-16-39.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pyke, G.H., Pulliam, H.R. & Charnov, E.L. 1977. Optimal foraging: a selective review of theory and tests. Q. Rev. Biol. 52: 137–154. doi: 10.1086/409852
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R Core Team. 2019. R version 3.6.0. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. http://www.R-project.org/.
   Google Scholar
• Rebollo, S., Martínez-Hesterkamp, S., García-Salgado, G., Pérez-Camacho, L., Fernández-Pereira, J.M. & Jenness, J. 2017. Spatial relationships and mechanisms of coexistence between dominant and subordinate top predators. J. Avian. Biol. 48: 1226–1237. doi: 10.1111/jav.01337
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reif, V., Tornberg, R., Jungell, S. & Korpimäki, E. 2001. Diet variation of common buzzards in Finland supports the alternative prey hypothesis. Ecography 24: 267–274. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0587.2001.240304.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutz, C. & Bijlsma, R.G. 2006. Food-limitation in a generalist predator. Proc. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 273: 2069–2076. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2006.3507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutz, C., Whittingham, M.J. & Newton, I.P. 2006. Age-dependent diet choice in an avian top predator. Proc. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 273: 579–586. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2005.3353
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sándor, A., Alexe, V., Marinov, M., Doroşencu, A., Domşa, C. & Kiss, B.J. 2015. Nest-site selection, breeding success, and diet of white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) in the Danube Delta, Romania. Turk. J. Zool. 39: 300–307. doi: 10.3906/zoo-1401-64
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schweiger, A., Fünfstück, H.J. & Beierkuhnlein, C. 2015. Availability of optimal-sized prey affects global distribution patterns of the golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos. J. Avian Biol. 46: 81–88. doi: 10.1111/jav.00396
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selås, V., Tveiten, R. & Aanonsen, O.M. 2007. Diet of Common Buzzards (Buteo buteo) in southern Norway determined from prey remains and video recordings. Ornis Fenn. 84: 97–104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Struwe-Juhl, B. 2003. Why do White-tailed Eagles prefer coots? In Helander, B., Marquiss, M. & Bowerman, B. (eds) Sea Eagle 2000, 317–325. Swedish Society for Nature Conservation (SNF), Stockholm.
   Google Scholar
• Sulkava, S., Tornberg, R. & Koivusaari, J. 1997. Diet of the white-tailed eagle Haliaeetus albicilla in Finland. Ornis Fenn. 74: 65–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treinys, R., Dementavičius, D., Rumbutis, S., Švažas, S., Butkauskas, D., Sruoga, A. & Dagys, M. 2016. Settlement, habitat preference, reproduction, and genetic diversity in recovering the white-tailed eagle Haliaeetus albicilla population. J. Ornithol. 157: 311–323. doi: 10.1007/s10336-015-1280-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuvi, J. & Väli, Ü. 2007. The impact of the White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla and the Osprey Pandion haliaetus on Estonian Common Carp Cyprinus carpio production: how large is the economic loss? Proc. Est. Acad. Sci. Biol. Ecol. 56: 209–223.
   Google Scholar
• Valkama, J., Korpimäki, E., Arroyo, B., Beje, P., Bretagnolle, V., Bro, E., Kenward, R.E., Manosa, S., Redpath, S.M., Thirgood, S. & Vinuela, J. 1999. Birds of prey as limiting factors of gamebird populations in Europe: a review. Biol. Rev. 80: 171–203. doi: 10.1017/S146479310400658X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitfield, D.P., Marquiss, M., Reid, R., Grant, J., Tingay, R. & Evans, R.J. 2013. Breeding season diets of sympatric White-tailed Eagles and Golden Eagles in Scotland: no evidence for competitive effects. Bird Study 60: 67–76. doi: 10.1080/00063657.2012.742997
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitfield, D.P., Reid, R., Haworth, P.F., Madders, M., Marquiss, M., Tingay, R. & Fielding, A.H. 2009. Diet specificity is not associated with increased reproductive performance of Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos in Western Scotland. Ibis 151: 255–264. doi: 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2009.00924.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, S.N. 2011. Fast stable restricted maximum likelihood and marginal likelihood estimation of semiparametric generalized linear models. J. R. Stat. Soc. B 73: 3–36. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9868.2010.00749.x
   Google Scholar
• Zub, K., Pugacewicz, E. & Jędrzejewska, B. 2010. Factors affecting habitat selection by breeding Lesser Spotted Eagles Aquila pomarina in Northeastern Poland. Acta Ornithol. 45: 105–114. doi: 10.3161/000164510X516155
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar