Endnotes
- “Analysis: France Reviews Commitment in Africa,” Janes Defence Weekly, January 6, 1999, p. 18.
- Quoted in Thomas J. McMormick. America's Half Century: United States Foreign Policy in the Cold War, (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989) p. 72.
- Jonathan Clarke, “The Conceptual Poverty of U.S. Foreign Policy,” Atlantic Monthly, (September 1993), pp. 54–63.
- Michael T. Klare, “The New Rogue Doctrine: Sustaining a Cold War Military Capability,” May 8, 1995, pp. 625–629.
- Bill Clinton, “U.S. International Status: American Security in a Changing World,” U.S. Department of State Dispatch (hereafter Dispatch), August 5, 1996, pp. 401–408.
- Robert D. Kaplan, “The Coming Anarchy,” Atlantic Monthly, (February 94), pp. 44–65.
- Ibid.
- Bill Martin, “Waiting for Oprah and the New U.S. Constituency for Africa,” Review of African Political Economy, (March 98), Vol. 25, No. 75, pp. 9–25.
- Ibid.
- William D. Hardin, “Sale of a Century,” Commonweal, May 20, 1994, pp. 13–17.
- “U.S. Dominates Arms Exports,” Aviation Week and Space Technology, September 6, 1999, p. 84.
- Ibid. pp. 13–17.
- Ibid.
- “Building a Better Future in Africa,” Dispatch, July 4, 1994, pp. 445–449.
- For the catalog of speeches, see “Build a better Future in Africa,” pp. 450–465.
- William G. Martin, “Constructive Engagement 2, or Catching the Fourth Wave of the Constituency for Africa?” Black Scholar, (Spring 99), vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 21–30.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Jim Cason, “The U.S. Pulling Back Out of Africa,” Review of African Political Economy, (March 97), vol. 24, no. 71, pp. 147–154.
- Dan Connell and Frank Smyth, “Africa's New Bloc,” Foreign Affairs, (March/April 98), pp. 80–95.
- Ibid.; “Susan Rice Holds News Briefing Regarding the President's Upcoming Trip To Africa,” Emediamil-works, Political Transcripts, Aug. 22, 2000.
- Frank Smyth, “A New Game,” World Policy Journal, (Summer 98). Vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 82–92.
- Ibid.
- Madeline Albright, 'The Africa Growth and Opportunity Act,” Dispatch, July 9, 1998, pp. 9–11.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Lara Santoro, “Room for Optimism in churning Africa,” Christian Science Monitor, October 18, 1999, p. 1.
- Martin, “Waiting for Oprah,” pp. 9–25.
- David F. Gordon and Howard Wolpe, “The Other Africa,” World Policy Journal, (Spring 98), vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 49–60.
- Ibid.
- Connell and Smyth, “Africa's New Bloc,” pp. 80–95.
- Gordon and Wolpe, The Other Africa,” pp. 49–60.
- Ibid.
- Frank Smyth, “A New Game,” World Policy Journal, (Summer 98), vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 82–92.
- Joel Dryfuss, “After Clinton's Sailing Safari,” Fortune, April 27, 1998, p. 42.
- Corporate Council on Africa, “On-Going Programs,” June 1997. http://www.yohannes.com/cca/
- Madeline Albright, “The Africa Growth and Opportunity Act,” pp. 9–11.
- F. Kifford, “Clinton in Africa: Gestures Count,” Christian Science Monitor, March 31, 1998, p. 1.
- Harold W. Stanley and Richard G. Niemi, Vital Statistics in American Politics. (Washington D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Press, 1999–2000), p. 363.
- Cason, “The U.S. Pulling Back Out of Africa,” pp. 147–54.
- Ibid.
- Keith Richburg, “Why Africa's New Leaders Are Like Its Old Ones,” New Republic, June 16, 1997, p. 15.
- Marina Ottaway. Africa's New Leaders: Democracy Or State Reconstruction? (Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1999), pp. 32, 40, 53 and 59.
- Susan Rice, “U.S. Interest in Africa: Today's Perspective,” Dispatch, November 4, 1998, pp. 18–21.
- Smyth, “A New Game,” pp. 82–92.
- Santoro, “Room for Optimism in Churning Africa,” p. 1.
- Stefan Lovgren, “Some Good News for a Change,” U.S. News and World Report, November 1, 1999. pp. 48–49.
- Smyth, “A New Game,” pp. 82–92.
- Ibid.
- Lovgren, “Some Good News for a Change,” pp. 48–49.
- Samanta Power, “Bystanders to Genocide: Why the United States Let the Rwandan Tragedy Happen,” Atlantic Monthly (September 2001), pp. 84–109.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Rieff, “In Defense of Afro-Pessimism,” pp. 13–23.
- “So Little Done, So Much to Do,” Economist, September 7, 1996, p. 3 and Rieff, “In Defense of Afro-Pessimism,” pp. 13–23; “African Debt, European Doubt,” Economist, April 8, 2000, pp. 46–47; John Donnelly, “Development Aid to Africa Declines,” Boston Globe, Feb. 16, 2001, p. A-8.
- Milan Vesely, “After the Clinton Smile, Will It Be the Bush Snarl?” African BusinessIssue 262 (February 2001), pp. 8–11.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Mark Lacey, “U.S. Envoy Looks for Change in Sudan,” New York Times, November 18, 2001, p. 8.
- Mike Byfield, “Numbers,” Report/NewsMagazine, December 3, 2001, p. 37.
- Christopher Dickey, “Sleeping with the Enemy,” Newsweek, November 12, 2001, p. 24.
- Karl Vick, “Danforth: Two Tales in Sudan,” Washington Post, November 18, 2001, p. A-32.
- Helen Cooper and Geoff Winostock: “Will U.S. Trade Chief See Fruit of Labor's at WTO Talks?” Wallstreet Journal, November 9, 2001, p. A-13.
- “Tom Nevin: Will America Rejoin the World?” African Business 269 (October 2001), pp. 35–36.
- Cooper and Winostock, “Will the U.S. Trade Chief See Fruit,” p. A-13.
- B. J. Vandehi: “Bush Weighs Further Restrictions on Flow of Foreigners Into U.S. in Wake of Attacks,” Wall Street Journal, October 30, 2001, p. A-24.