The United States and Sub-Saharan Africa After the Cold War: Empty Promises and Retreat

Endnotes

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• Quoted in Thomas J. McMormick. America's Half Century: United States Foreign Policy in the Cold War, (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989) p. 72.
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• Ibid.
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• Bill Martin, “Waiting for Oprah and the New U.S. Constituency for Africa,” Review of African Political Economy, (March 98), Vol. 25, No. 75, pp. 9–25.
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• Ibid.
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• Ibid. pp. 13–17.
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• Ibid.
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• For the catalog of speeches, see “Build a better Future in Africa,” pp. 450–465.
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• Ibid.
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• Ibid.
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• Ibid.; “Susan Rice Holds News Briefing Regarding the President's Upcoming Trip To Africa,” Emediamil-works, Political Transcripts, Aug. 22, 2000.
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• Ibid.
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• Ibid.
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• Ibid.
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• Martin, “Waiting for Oprah,” pp. 9–25.
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• Ibid.
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• Gordon and Wolpe, The Other Africa,” pp. 49–60.
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• Ibid.
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• Frank Smyth, “A New Game,” World Policy Journal, (Summer 98), vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 82–92.
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• Cason, “The U.S. Pulling Back Out of Africa,” pp. 147–54.
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• Ibid.
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• Keith Richburg, “Why Africa's New Leaders Are Like Its Old Ones,” New Republic, June 16, 1997, p. 15.
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• Marina Ottaway. Africa's New Leaders: Democracy Or State Reconstruction? (Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1999), pp. 32, 40, 53 and 59.
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• Susan Rice, “U.S. Interest in Africa: Today's Perspective,” Dispatch, November 4, 1998, pp. 18–21.
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• Smyth, “A New Game,” pp. 82–92.
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• Santoro, “Room for Optimism in Churning Africa,” p. 1.
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• Stefan Lovgren, “Some Good News for a Change,” U.S. News and World Report, November 1, 1999. pp. 48–49.
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• Smyth, “A New Game,” pp. 82–92.
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• Ibid.
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• Lovgren, “Some Good News for a Change,” pp. 48–49.
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• Samanta Power, “Bystanders to Genocide: Why the United States Let the Rwandan Tragedy Happen,” Atlantic Monthly (September 2001), pp. 84–109.
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• Ibid.
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• Ibid.
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• Ibid.
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• Ibid.
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• Rieff, “In Defense of Afro-Pessimism,” pp. 13–23.
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• Milan Vesely, “After the Clinton Smile, Will It Be the Bush Snarl?” African BusinessIssue 262 (February 2001), pp. 8–11.
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• Ibid.
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• Ibid.
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