References
- Aitken , JM . 1976 . Factors affecting the distribution of zinc in the human skeleton . Calcification and Tissue Research , 20 : 23 – 30 .
- AOAC 1984 Official Methods of Analysis, 14th edn Williams, S. (Ed.) Arlington VA AOAC
- Armstrong , TA and Spears , JW . 2001 . Effect of dietary boron on growth performance, calcium and phosphorus metabolism and bone mechanical properties in growing barrows . Journal of Animal Science , 79 : 3120 – 3127 .
- Armstrong , TA and Spears , JW . 2003 . Effect of boron supplementation of pig diets on the production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ . Journal of Animal Science , 81 : 2552 – 2561 .
- Armstrong , TA , Spears , JW , Crenshaw , TD and Nielsen , FH . 2000 . Boron supplementation of a semipurified diet for weanling pigs improves feed efficiency and bone strength characteristics and alters plasma lipid metabolites . Journal of Nutrition , 130 : 2575 – 2581 .
- Armstrong , TA , Spears , JW and Lloyd , KE . 2001 . Inflammatory response, growth and thyroid hormone concentrations are affected by long-term boron supplementation in gilts . Journal of Animal Science , 79 : 1549 – 1556 .
- Bradbury P Gordon KC 1992 Connective tissues and stains in: Bancroft, J.D. & Stevens, A. (Eds) The Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques, 3rd edn pp. 119–142 Avon The Bath Press
- Brighton CT 1985 Normal bone formation in: Newton, C. & Nunamuker, D.M. (Eds) Textbook of Small Animal Orthopedics Philadelphia J.B. Lippincott
- Celik , İ. , Oğuz , H , Demet , Ö. , Boydak , M , Dönmez , HH and Sur , E . 2000a . Efficacy of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone in reducing the immunotoxicity of aflatoxin in growing broilers . Poultry Science , 41 : 430 – 439 .
- Celik , İ. , Oğuz , H , Demet , Ö. , Boydak , M , Dönmez , HH , Sur , E and Nizamlioğlu , F . 2000b . Embryotoxicity assay of aflatoxin produced by Aspergillus parasiticus NRLL 2999 . British Poultry Science , 41 ( 4 ) : 401 – 409 .
- Coskun , B , Inal , F , Celik , I , Erganis , O , Tiftik , AM , Kurtoglu , F , Kuyucuoglu , Y and Ok , Ü. 1998 . Effects of dietary levels of vitamin A on the egg yield and immune responses of laying hens . Poultry Science , 77 : 542 – 546 .
- Crespo R Shivaprasad HL 2003 Developmental, metabolic and other noninfectious disorders in: Saif, Y.M. (Ed.) Diseases of Poultry, 11th edn pp. 1055–1103 (CD-ROM version produced and distributed by Iowa State Press, a Blackwell Publishing Company)
- Culling CFA Allison RT Barr WT 1985 Cellular Pathology Technique London Butterworths
- Elliot , MA and Edwards , HM Jr . 1990 . Effect of dietary boron on tibial dyschondroplasia and rickets in broiler chicks [Abstract] . Poultry Science , 69 ( Suppl. 1 ) : 165
- Farquharson , C , Whitehead , CC , Rennie , JS and Lovaridge , N . 1993 . In vivo effect of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on the proliferation and differentiation of avian chondrocytes . Journal of Bone and Mineral Research , 8 : 1081 – 1087 .
- Fisher , JW . 1983 . Control of erythropoietin production . Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine , 173 : 289 – 305 .
- Germiller , JA and Goldstein , SA . 1997 . Structure and function of embryonic growth plate in the absence of functioning skeletal muscle . Journal of Orthopaedic Research , 15 : 362 – 370 .
- Hunt , CD . 1989 . Dietary boron modified the effects of magnesium and molybdenum on mineral metabolism in the vitamin D3-deficient chick . Biological Trace Element Research , 22 : 201 – 220 .
- Hunt , CD . 1994 . The biochemical effects of physiologic amounts of dietary boron in animal nutrition models . Environmental Health Perspective , 102 ( Suppl. 7 ) : 35 – 43 .
- Hunt CD 1997 Measurements of boron rodent diets and tissues in: Watson, R.R. (Ed.) Trace Elements in Laboratory Rodents 1 pp. 229–253 Boca Raton FL CRC Press
- Hunt CD Nielsen FH 1981 Interaction between boron and cholecalciferol in the chick in: Howell, J.M., Gawthorne, J.M. & White, C.L. (Eds) Trace Element Metabolism in Man and Animals 4 pp. 597–600 Canberra Australian Academy of Science
- Hunt CD Shuler TR Nielsen FH 1983 Effect of boron on growth and mineral metabolism in: Anke, M., Baumann, W., Braünslich, H. & Brückner, Chr. (Eds) 4. Spurenelements-Symposium pp. 149–155 Jena Germany Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat
- Hunt , CD , Herbel , JL and Idso , JP . 1994 . Dietary boron modifies the effects of vitamin D3 nutrition on indices of energy substrate utilization and mineral metabolism in the chick . Journal of Bone and Mineral Research , 9 : 171 – 181 .
- King , N , Odom , TW , Sampson , HW and Yersin , AG . 1991 . The effect of in ovo boron supplementation on bone mineralization of the vitamin D deficient chicken embryo . Biological Trace Element Research , 31 : 223 – 233 .
- Knowles , DM and Holck , S . 1978 . Tissue localization of T-lymphocytes by the histochemical demonstration of acid α-naphthyl acetate esterase . Laboratory Investigation , 39 : 70 – 76 .
- Konuk T 1981 Pratik Fizyoloji Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Yayιnlarι 378
- Kurtoğlu , V , Kurtoğlu , F and Coşkun , B . 2001 . Effects of boron supplementation of adequate and inadequate vitamin D3-containing diet on performance and serum biochemical characters of broiler chickens . Research in Veterinary Science , 71 : 183 – 187 .
- Kurtoğlu , V , Kurtoğlu , F , Coşkun , B , Şeker , E , Balevi , T and Çetingül , İ.S . 2002 . Effects of boron supplementation on performance and some biochemical parameters in laying hens . Revue de Medicine Veterinaire , 53 : 823 – 828 .
- Maiti , NK , Saini , SS and Sharma , SN . 1990 . Histochemical studies on chicken peripheral blood lymphocytes . Veterinary Research Communications , 14 : 207 – 210 .
- Mueller , J , Brundel , REG , Buerki , H , Keller , HU , Hess , MW and Cottier , H . 1975 . Nonspecific acid esterase activity: a criterion for differentiation of T and B lymphocytes in mouse lymph nodes . European Journal of Immunology , 5 : 270 – 274 .
- National Research Council 1984 Subcommittee on Poultry Nutrition. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 8th edn pp. 11–13 Washington DC National Academy Press
- Nielsen FH 1989 Dietary boron affects variables associated with copper metabolism in humans in: Anke, M., Baumann, W., Braunlich, H., Brüchner, C., Groppel, B. & Grün, M. (Eds) 6th International Trace Element Symposium. As, B, Br, Co, Cr, F, Fe, Mn, Ni, Sb, Sc, Si, Sn and Other Ultratrace Elements 4 p. 1106 Jena Germany Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat
- Nielsen , FH and Shuler , TR . 1992 . Studies of the interaction between boron and calcium, and its modification by magnesium and potassium, in rats . Biological Trace Element Research , 35 : 225 – 237 .
- Nielsen , FH , Hunt , CD , Mullen , LM and Hunt , JR . 1987 . Effect of dietary boron on mineral, estrogen and testosterone metabolism in postmenopausal women . FASEB Journal , 1 : 394 – 397 .
- Nielsen , FH , Mullen , LM and Gallagher , SK . 1990 . Effect of boron depletion and repletion on blood indicators of calcium status in humans fed a magnesium-low diet . Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine , 3 : 45 – 54 .
- Nielsen , FH , Mullen , LM and Nielsen , EJ . 1991 . Dietary boron affects blood cell counts and hemoglobin concentrations in humans . Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine , 4 : 211 – 223 .
- Nielsen , FH , Schuler , TR and Uthus , EO . 1992 . Dietary arginine and methionine effects, and their modification by dietary boron and potassium, on the mineral element composition of plasma and bone in the rat . Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine , 5 : 247 – 259 .
- Olsson SE 1982 Morphology and physiology of the growth cartilage under normal and pathologic conditions Bone in Clinical Orthopedics a Study in Comparative Osteology Chap. 3 pp. 159–195
- Pfeiffer , C and Jenney , E . 1950 . The pharmacology of boric acid and boron compounds . Bulletin National Formulary Committee , 18 : 57 – 74 .
- Pruthi , AK , Gupta , RKP and Sadana , JR . 1987 . Acid alpha naphthyl acetate esterase activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes of chickens . Journal of Veterinary Medicine A , 34 : 390 – 392 .
- Qin , X and Klandorf , H . 1991 . Effects of dietary boron supplementation on egg production, shell quality, and calcium metabolism in aged broiler breeder hens . Poultry Science , 70 : 2131 – 2138 .
- Roberson , KD , Hill , CH and Ferket , PR . 1993 . Additive amelioration of tibial dyschondroplasia in broilers by supplemental calcium or feed deprivation . Poultry Science , 72 : 798 – 805 .
- Rossi , AF , Miles , RD , Damron , BL and Flunker , LK . 1993 . Effects of dietary boron supplementation on broilers . British Poultry Science , 72 : 2124 – 2130 .
- Seaborn , CD and Nielsen , FH . 1994 . Boron and silicon: effects on growth, plasma lipids, urinary cyclic AMP and bone and brain mineral composition of male rats . Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry , 13 : 941 – 947 .
- SPSS 1998 SPSS/PC + V2·0 Base Manual for the IBM PC/XT/AT and PS/2 Norusis, Marija Chicago IL SPSS Inc.
- Stevens A Bancroft D 1992 Proteins and nucleic acids in: Bancroft, J.D. & Stevens, A. (Eds) Theory and Practise Histological Techniques Philadelphia Churchill Livingstone
- Sur , E and Çelik , İ. 2003 . Effects of aflatoxin B1 on the development of the bursa of Fabricius and blood lymphocyte acid phosphatase of the chicken . British Poultry Science , 44 : 558 – 566 .
- Wilson , JH . 1991 . Bone strength of caged layers as affected by dietary calcium and phosphorus concentrations, preconditioning and ash content . British Poultry Science , 32 : 501 – 508 .
- Wilson , JH and Ruszler , L . 1996 . Effects of dietary boron supplementation on laying hens . British Poultry Science , 37 : 723 – 729 .
- Wilson , JH and Ruszler , L . 1997 . Effects of boron on growing pullets . Biological Trace Element Research , 56 : 287 – 294 .
- Wilson , JH and Ruszler , L . 1998 . Long term effects of boron on layer bone strength and production parameters . British Poultry Science , 39 : 11 – 15 .