Breast blisters in groups of slow-growing broilers in relation to strain and the availability and use of perches

References

• Abdou , FH , Abdellatif , M , Abou-Ashour , AM and Kandil , AB . 1973 . Some diurnal rhythms in the activity of the fowl . Archiv für Geflügekunde , 5 : 180 – 186 .
   Google Scholar
• Appleby , MC , Smith , SF and Hughes , BO . 1992 . Individual perching behaviour of laying hens and its effects in cages . British Poultry Science , 33 : 227 – 238 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bird , S . 1944 . Relative body depth—an exciting cause for development of keel bursae in chickens . Science in Agriculture , 24 : 591 – 599 .
   Google Scholar
• Bokkers , E and Koene , P . 2003 . Behaviour of fast- and slow-growing broilers to 12 weeks of age and the physical consequences . Applied Animal Behaviour Science , 81 : 59 – 72 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen , JW , Nielsen , BL , Young , JF and NØddegaard , F . 2003 . Effects of calcium deficiency in broilers on the use of outdoor areas, foraging activity and production parameters . Applied Animal Behaviour Science , 82 : 229 – 240 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen , KD , Zimmermann , NG , Wyatt , CL and Goodman , TN . 1994 . Dietary and environmental factors affecting skin strength in broiler chickens . Poultry Science , 73 : 224 – 235 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danish Meteorological Institute 2002 Meteorological data from the weather station at Research Centre Foulum, Denmark. Copyright: Danish Meteorological Institute Lyngbyvej 100, DK-2100 København Ø Denmark
   Google Scholar
• Danish Plant Directorate 2000 Guidelines for organic farming [Vejledning om økologisk jordbrug] Danish Plant Directorate August 68 pp
   Google Scholar
• Davies , HC and Weeks , CA . 1995 . Effect of age and leg weakness on perching behaviour of broilers . British Poultry Science , 36 : 838 (abstract)
   Google Scholar
• Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA) 2002 Codes of Recommendations for the Welfare of Livestock. Laying hens DEFRA Publications 32 pp London
   Google Scholar
• Ekstrand , C , Algers , B and Svedberg , J . 1997 . Rearing conditions and foot-pad dermatitis in Swedish broiler chickens . Preventive Veterinary Medicine , 31 : 167 – 174 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Estevez , I , Tablante , N , Pettit-Riley , RL and Carr , L . 2002 . Use of cool perches by broiler chickens . Poultry Science , 81 : 62 – 69 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faure , JM and Jones , RB . 1982a . Effects of sex, strain and type of perch on perching behaviour in the domestic fowl . Applied Animal Ethology , 8 : 281 – 293 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faure , JM and Jones , RB . 1982b . Effects of age, access and time of day on perching behaviour in the domestic fowl . Applied Animal Ethology , 8 : 357 – 364 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisker C 1999 Analysis and evaluation of organic broiler production [Analyse og vurdering af produktion af økologiske slagtekyllinger] M.Sc. Thesis, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University Copenhagen Denmark 94 pp
   Google Scholar
• Fořt , M , Košař , K and Trefil , P . 1987 . The effect of roosting on the reduction of breast blisters in broilers fattened on slats [Vliv hradovani na snizeni vyskytu prsnich otlaku pri vykrmu brojleru na rostech] . Zivocisna Vyroba , 32 : 173 – 178 .
   Google Scholar
• Funk , EM and Savage , JE . 1956 . The incidence of breast blisters as related to the amount of breast feathering . Poultry Science , 35 : 1399 – 1400 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene , JA , McCracken , RM and Evans , RT . 1985 . A contact dermatitis of broilers—clinical and pathological findings . Avian Pathology , 14 : 23 – 38 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gyles , NR , Gilbreath , JC and Smith , RM . 1957 . Incidence of breast blisters within and between different breeding groups of broilers . Poultry Science , 36 : 1124 (abstract)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris , GC Jr. , Musbah , M , Beasley , JN and Nelson , GS . 1978 . The development of dermatitis (scabby hip) on the hip and thigh of broiler chickens . Avian Diseases , 22 : 122 – 130 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huber-Eicher , B and Audige , L . 1999 . Analysis of risk factors for the occurrence of feather pecking in laying hen growers . British Poultry Science , 40 : 599 – 604 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes , BO and Elson , HA . 1977 . The use of perches by broilers in floor pens . British Poultry Science , 18 : 715 – 722 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamyab , A . 2001 . Enlarged sternal bursa and focal ulcerative dermatitis in male turkeys . World's Poultry Science Journal , 57 : 5 – 12 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koene P van Ruiten S Bokkers E 1999 The effect of increasing broiler behaviour possibilities by giving extra furniture and a slimmer body: the effects of perches and feed restriction Proceeding of the 33rd International Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology Lillehammer Norway p. 136
   Google Scholar
• Kondra , PR and Chavers , JR . 1947 . Relation of the rate of feathering to the development of keel bursa . Poultry Science , 26 : 83 – 85 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis , PD , Perry , GC , Farmer , LJ and Patterson , RLS . 1997 . Responses of two genotypes of chickens to the diets and stocking densities typical of UK and ‘Label Rouge’ production systems. I. Performance, behaviour and carcass composition . Meat Science , 45 : 501 – 516 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martrenchar , A , Huonnic , D , Cotte , JP , Boilletot , E and Morisse , JP . 2000 . Influence of stocking density, artificial dusk and group size on the perching behaviour of broilers . British Poultry Science , 41 : 125 – 130 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miner , ML and Smart , RA . 1975 . Causes of enlarged sternal bursas (breast blisters) . Avian Diseases , 19 : 246 – 256 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muiruri , HK , Harrison , PC and Gonyou , HW . 1990 . Preferences of hens for shape and size of roosts . Applied Animal Behaviour Science , 27 : 141 – 147 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newberry , RC . 1995 . Environmental enrichment: increasing the biological relevance of captive environments . Applied Animal Behaviour Science , 44 : 229 – 243 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newberry RC Blair R 1993 Perches ease handling of broiler chickens in: Savory, C.J., Hughes, B.O. (Eds) Proceedings of the Fourth European Symposium on Poultry Welfare Edinburgh pp. 270–271
   Google Scholar
• Newberry , RC , Estevez , I and Keeling , LJ . 2001 . Group size and perching behaviour in young domestic fowl . Applied Animal Behaviour Science , 73 : 117 – 129 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen , BL , Thomsen , MG , SØrensen , P and Young , JF . 2003 . Feed and strain effects on the use of outdoor areas by broilers . British Poultry Science , 44 : 161 – 169 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norton , RA . 1997 . Avian cellulitis . World's Poultry Science Journal , 53 : 337 – 349 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsson , IAS and Keeling , LJ . 2002 . The push-door for measuring motivation in hens: laying hens are motivated to perch at night . Animal Welfare , 11 : 11 – 19 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pettit-Riley , R and Estevez , I . 2001 . Effects of density on perching behavior of broiler chickens . Applied Animal Behaviour Science , 71 : 127 – 140 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Proudfoot , FG , Hulan , HW and Ramey , DR . 1979 . The effect of four stocking densities on broiler carcass grade, the incidence of breast blisters, and other performance traits . Poultry Science , 58 : 791 – 793 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasplicka , LD and Fry , JL . 1963 . Body conformation and ‘breast blisters’ in market turkeys . Poultry Science , 42 : 423 – 428 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed MJ White HD 1966 Physiomechanics of broiler chickens Proceedings of the American Society of Agricultural Engineering Paper No. 66-347
   Google Scholar
• Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) 1997 ‘Freedom Food’ Welfare Standards for Laying Hens Horsham RSPCA
   Google Scholar
• Siegel , PB , Craig , JV and Mueller , CD . 1957 . Heritabilities, sex differences and phenotypic correlations for six feathering characteristics . Poultry Science , 36 : 621 – 628 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephenson , EL , Bezanson , JM and Hall , CF . 1960 . Factors affecting the incidence and severity of a breast blister condition in broilers . Poultry Science , 39 : 1520 – 1524 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeates , NTM . 1963 . The activity pattern in poultry in relation to photoperiod . Animal Behaviour , 11 : 287 – 289 .
   Google Scholar