Risk factors associated with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica contamination of chicken carcases in Senegal

References

• Akaike H 1974 A new look at statistical model identification Proceedings of the IEEE Transactions pp. 716–722
   Google Scholar
• Barker GF 1980 Cleaning and disinfection in fresh poultry processing plants—a retailer's viewpoint in: Mead, G.C., Freeman, B.M. (Eds) Meat Quality in Poultry and Game Birds pp. 105–113 Edinburgh British Poultry Science Ltd
   Google Scholar
• Beaudeau , F and Fourichon , C . 1998 . Estimating relative risk of disease from outputs of logistic regression when the disease is not rare . Preventive Veterinary Medicine , 36 : 243 – 256 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beli , E , Duraku , E and Telo , A . 2001 . Salmonella serotypes isolated from chicken meat in Albania . International Journal of Food Microbiology , 71 ( 2/3 ) : 263 – 266 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boonmar , S , Bangtrakulnonth , A , Pornrunangwong , S , Marnrim , N , Kaneko , K and Ogawa , M . 1998 . Predominant serovars of Salmonella in humans and foods from Thailand . Journal of Veterinary Medical Science , 60 ( 7 ) : 877 – 880 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capita , R , Alvarez Astorga , M , Alonso Calleja , C , Moreno , B , Del Camino Garcia and Fernandez , M . 2003 . Occurrence of Salmonellae in retail chicken carcasses and their products in Spain . International Journal of Food Microbiology , 81 ( 2 ) : 169 – 173 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corrier , DE , Byrd , JA , Hargis , BM , Hume , ME , Bailey , RH and Stanker , LH . 1999 . Presence of Salmonella in the crop and caecum of broiler chickens before and after preslaughter feed withdrawal . Poultry Science , 78 : 45 – 49 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dohoo , IR , Ducrot , C , Fourichon , C , Donald , A and Hurnik , D . 1996 . An overview of techniques for dealing with large numbers of independent variables in epidemiologic studies . Preventive Veterinary Medicine , 29 : 221 – 239 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dominguez , C , Gomez , I and Zumalacarregui , J . 2002 . Prevalence of Salmonella and Campylobacter in retail chicken meat in Spain . International Journal of Food Microbiology , 72 ( 1/2 ) : 165 – 168 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuzihara , TO , Fernandes , SA and Franco , BD . 2000 . Prevalence and dissemination of Salmonella serotypes along the slaughtering process in Brazilian small poultry slaughterhouses . Journal of Food Protection , 63 ( 12 ) : 1749 – 1753 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gueye , EF . 2000 . The role of family poultry in poverty alleviation, food security and the promotion of gender equality in rural Africa . Outlook on Agriculture , 29 : 129 – 136 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heyndrickx , M , Vandekerchove , D , Herman , L , Rollier , I , Grijspeerdt , K and De Zutter , L . 2002 . Routes for Salmonella contamination of poultry meat: epidemiological study from hatchery to slaughterhouse . Epidemiology and Infection , 129 ( 2 ) : 253 – 265 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosmer DW Lemeshow S 2000 Applied Logistic Regression p. 373 New York Wiley
   Google Scholar
• James , WO , Williams , WO , Prucha , JC , Johnston , R and Christensen , W . 1992 . Profile of selected bacterial counts and Salmonella prevalence on raw poultry in a poultry slaughter establishment . Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association , 200 ( 1 ) : 57 – 59 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jorgensen , F , Bailey , R , Williams , S , Henderson , P , Wareing , DR , Bolton , FJ , Frost , JA , Ward , L and Humphrey , TJ . 2002 . Prevalence and numbers of Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. on raw, whole chickens in relation to sampling methods . International Journal of Food Microbiology , 76 ( 1/2 ) : 151 – 164 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lahellec , C and Colin , P . 1985 . Relationship between serotypes of Salmonellae from hatcheries and rearing farms and those from processed poultry carcases . British Poultry Science , 26 ( 2 ) : 179 – 186 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lahellec , C and Meurier , C . 1973 . Influence de l’utilisation d’un système d’échaudage sur la pollution superficielle des carcasses de volailles . Bulletin d’information de la Station Avicole de Ploufragan , 13 ( 2 ) : 47 – 59 .
   Google Scholar
• Lillard , HS . 1988 . Comparison of sampling methods and implication for bacterial decontamination of poultry carcasses by rinsing . Journal of Food Protection , 51 : 405 – 408 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• May , JD , Branton , SL , Deaton , JW and Simmons , JD . 1988 . Effect of environmental temperature and feeding regimen on quantity of digestive tract contents of broilers . Poultry Science , 67 ( 1 ) : 64 – 71 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mead GC 1980 Microbiological control in the processing of chickens and turkeys in: Mead, G.C., Freeman, B.M. (Eds) Meat Quality in Poultry and Game Birds pp. 91–104 Edinburgh British Poultry Science Ltd
   Google Scholar
• Mead GC 1993 Problems of producing safe poultry: discussion paper Journal of Royal Society of Medicine 39 42
   Google Scholar
• Mercado , EC . 1983 . Salmonella in eviscerated chickens from processing plants of greater Buenos Aires . Revista Argentina de Microbiologia , 15 ( 4 ) : 187 – 192 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mickey , J and Greenlands , S . 1989 . A study of confounder-selection criteria on effect estimation . American Journal of Epidemiology , 129 : 125 – 137 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mochizuki , Y , Masuda , H , Kanazashi , S , Hosoki , Y , Itoh , K , Ohishi , K , Nishina , T , Handa , Y , Shiozawa , K and Miwa , Y . 1992 . Clinical and epidemiological aspects of enteritis due to Salmonella hadar. II. Environmental contamination by Salmonella hadar in Shizuoka Prefecture—studies on the feasibility of reducing S. hadar infection . Journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases , 66 ( 1 ) : 30 – 36 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Papa , CM and Dickens , JA . 1989 . Lower gut contents and defecatory responses of broiler chickens as affected by feed withdrawal and electrical treatment at slaughter . Poultry Science , 68 ( 11 ) : 1478 – 1484 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose , BE , Hill , WE , Umholtz , R , Ransom , GM and James , WO . 2002 . Testing for Salmonella in raw meat and poultry products collected at federally inspected establishments in the United States, 1998 through 2000 . Journal of Food Protection , 65 ( 6 ) : 937 – 947 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy , P , Dhillon , AS , Lauerman , LH , Schaberg , DM , Bandli , D and Johnson , S . 2002 . Results of Salmonella isolation from poultry products, poultry, poultry environment, and other characteristics . Avian Diseases , 46 ( 1 ) : 17 – 24 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salvat , G . 1997 . Prévention des problèmes de santé publique liés aux produits issus de la filière avicole . Bulletin de l’Academie Veterinaire de France , 70 : 43 – 68 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith HW 1971 The epizootiology of Salmonella infection in poultry in: Gordon, R.F., Freeman, B.M. (Eds) Poultry Disease and World Economy pp. 37–46 Edinburgh British Poultry Science Ltd
   Google Scholar
• Sow , AI , Seydi , M , Thiaw , M , Ndour , CT , Soumare , CT , Cisse , MF , Badiane , S and Samb , A . 2000 . Les salmonelloses au centre hospitalier universitaire de Fann à Dakar: aspects bactériologiques . Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses , 30 : 657 – 660 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tauxe R 1996 An update on Salmonella. Health Environmental Digest 10 1 1 4
   Google Scholar
• Tibajuka , B , Molla , B , Hildebrandt , G and Kleer , J . 2003 . Occurrence of Salmonellae in retail raw chicken products in Ethiopia . Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift , 116 : 55 – 58 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Schothorst M Notermans S 1980 Food-borne diseases associated with poultry in: Mead, G.C., Freeman, B.M. (Eds) Meat Quality in Poultry and Game Birds pp. 79–90 Edinburgh British Poultry Science Ltd
   Google Scholar
• White , PL , Baker , AR and James , WO . 1997 . Strategies to control Salmonella and Campylobacter in raw poultry products . Revue Scientifique et Technique (International Office of Epizootics) , 16 ( 2 ) : 525 – 541 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whyte , P , Mc Gill , K , Collins , JD and Gormley , E . 2002 . The prevalence and PCR detection of Salmonella contamination in raw poultry . Veterinary Microbiology , 89 ( 1 ) : 53 – 60 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar