Production and carcase traits in broiler chickens given diets supplemented with inorganic trivalent chromium and an organic acid blend

References

• Ahmed , N , Haldar , S , Pakhira , MC and Ghosh , TK . 2005 . Growth performance, nutrient utilization and carcass traits in broiler chickens fed with a normal and low energy diet supplemented with inorganic chromium (as chromium chloride hexahydrate) and a combination of inorganic chromium and ascorbic acid . Journal of Agricultural Science (Cambridge) , 143 : 427 – 439 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amatya , JL , Haldar , S and Ghosh , TK . 2004 . Effects of chromium supplementation from inorganic and organic sources on nutrient utilization, mineral metabolism and meat quality in broiler chickens exposed to natural heat stress . Animal Science , 79 : 241 – 253 .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , RA . 1987 . “ Chromium ” . In Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nutrition , Edited by: Mertz , W . 225 – 244 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• AOAC . 1984 . Official Methods of Analysis , 14th , Arlington, VA : Association of Official Analytical Chemists .
   Google Scholar
• Canibe , N , Steien , SH , Øverland , M and Jensen , BB . 2001 . Effect of K-diformate in starter diets on acidity, microbiota, and the amount of organic acids in the digestive tract of piglets, and on gastric alterations . Journal of Animal Science , 79 : 2123 – 2133 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , NSC , Tsai , A and Dyer , IA . 1973 . Effect of chelating agents on chromium absorption in rats . Journal of Nutrition , 103 : 1182 – 1186 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Depew , CL , Bunting , LD , Fernandez , JM , Thompson , DL Jr and Adkinson , RW . 1998 . Performance and metabolic responses of young dairy calves fed diets supplemented with chromium tri-picolinate . Journal of Dairy Science , 81 : 2916 – 2923 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen , BB . 1998 . The impact of feed additives on the microbial ecology of the gut in young pigs . Journal of Animal Feed Science , 7 : 45 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim , YH , Han , IK , Shin , IS , Chae , BJ and Kang , TH . 1996 . Effect of dietary excess chromium picolinate on growth performance, nutrient utilisability and serum traits in broiler chicks . Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science , 9 : 349 – 354 .
   Google Scholar
• Kirchgessner , M , Paulicks , BR and Roth , FX . 1997 . Effects of supplementation of diformate complexes (Formi™LHS) on growth and carcass performance of piglets and fattening pigs in response to application time . Agribiological Research , 50 : 1 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• Mertz , W . 1969 . Chromium occurrence and functions in biological systems . Physiological Review , 49 : 163 – 239 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mertz , W . 1993 . Chromium in human nutrition: a review . Journal of Nutrition , 123 : 626 – 633 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mooney , KW and Cromwell , GL . 1995 . Effects of dietary chromium picolinate supplementation on growth, carcass characteristics and accretion rates of carcass tissues in growing–finishing swine . Journal of Animal Science , 73 : 3351 – 3357 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NRC . 1994 . Nutrient Requirements of Poultry , 9th rev. , 27 Washington, DC : National Research Council, National Academy Press .
   Google Scholar
• Øverland , M , Granil , T , Kjos , NP , Fjetland , O , Steien , SH and Stokstad , M . 2000 . Effect of dietary formats on growth performance, carcass traits, sensory quality, intestinal microflora, and stomach alterations in growing–finishing pigs . Journal of Animal Science , 78 : 1875 – 1884 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Page , TG , Southern , LL , Ward , TL and Thompson , DL . 1993 . Effect of chromium picolinate on growth, serum and carcass traits of growing finishing pigs . Journal of Animal Science , 71 : 656 – 662 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Partanen , KH and Mroz , Z . 1999 . Organic acids for performance enhancement in pig diets . Nutrition Research Review , 12 : 1 – 30 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelicano , ERL , Souza , PA , Souza , HBA , Figueriedo , DF , Boiago , MM , Carvalho , SR and Bordon , VF . 2005 . Intestinal mucosa development in broiler chickens fed natural growth promoters . Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola , 7 : 221 – 229 .
   Google Scholar
• Preuss , HG , Grojec , PL , Lieberman , S and Anderson , RA . 1997 . Effects of different chromium compounds on blood pressure and lipid peroxidation in spontaneously hypertensive rats . Clinical Nephrology , 47 : 325 – 330 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth , FX and Kirchgessner , M . 1998 . Organic acids as feed additives for young pigs: nutritional and gastrointestinal effects . Journal of Animal Feed Science , 7 : 25 – 33 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth , FX , Windisch , W and Kirchgessner , M . 1998 . Effect of a potassium diformate (Formi™LHS) on nitrogen metabolism and nutrient digestibility in piglets at graded dietary lysine supply . Agribiological Research , 51 : 167 – 175 .
   Google Scholar
• Russel , JB and Diez-Gonzalez , F . 1998 . The effects of fermentation acids on bacterial growth . Advances in Microbial Physiology , 39 : 205 – 234 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahin , K and Sahin , N . 2002 . Chromium picolinate and ascorbic acid dietary supplementation on nitrogen and mineral excretion of laying hens reared in a low ambient temperature (7°C) . Acta Veterinaria Brno , 71 : 183 – 189 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spears , JW . 1999 . Re-evaluation of the metabolic essentiality of the elements—a review . Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science , 12 : 1002 – 1008 .
   Google Scholar
• Vincent , JB . 2000 . Quest for the molecular mechanism of chromium action and its relationship to diabetes . Nutrition Review , 58 : 67 – 72 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar