Assessing the effect of administering probiotics in water or as a feed supplement on broiler performance and immune response

References

• Ahmad , I . 2006 . Effect of probiotics on broilers performance . International Journal of Poultry Science , 5 : 593 – 597 .
   Google Scholar
• Arslan , C and Saatci , M . 2004 . Effects of probiotic administration either as feed additive or by drinking water on performance and blood parameters of Japanese quail . Archive fur Geflugelkunde , 68 : 160 – 163 .
   Google Scholar
• Blankenship , LC , Bailey , JS , Cox , NA , Stern , NJ , Brewer , R and Williams , O . 1993 . Two-step mucosal competitive exclusion flora treatment to diminish Salmonellae in commercial broiler chickens . Poultry Science , 72 : 1667 – 1672 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collington , GK , Parker , DS and Armstrong , DG . 1990 . The influence of inclusion of either an antibiotic or a probiotic in the diet on the development of digestive enzyme activity in the pig . British Journal of Nutrition , 64 : 59 – 70 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corrier , DE . 1990 . Comparison of phytohemagglutinin induced cutaneous hypersensivity reactions in the interdigital skin of broiler and layer chickens . Avian Disease , 34 : 369 – 373 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox , NA , Bailey , JS and Blankenship , LC . 1992 . In ovo application of competitive exclusion bacteria . Poultry Science , 69(Suppl 1) : 162 – 166 .
   Google Scholar
• Edens , FW , Parkhurst , CR , Casas , IA and Dobrogosz , WJ . 1997 . Principles of ex ovo competitive exclusion and administration of Lactobacillus reuteri . Poultry Science , 76 : 179 – 196 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuller , R . 1989 . A review: probiotics in man and animals . Journal of Applied Bacteriology , 66 : 365 – 378 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ghadban , GS . 2002 . Probiotics in broiler production – a review . Archive fur Geflugelkunde , 22 : 49 – 58 .
   Google Scholar
• Gore , AB and Qureshi , MA . 1997 . Enhancement of humoral and cellular mmunity by vitamin E after embryonic exposure . Poultry Science , 76 : 984 – 991 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haghighi , HR , Gong , J , Gyles , CL , Hayes , MA , Sanei , B , Parvizi , P , Gisavi , H , Chambers , JR and Sharif , S . 2005 . Modulation of antibody-mediated immune response by probiotics in chickens . Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology , 12 : 1387 – 1392 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haghighi , HR , Gong , J , Gyles , CL , Hayes , MA , Zhou , H , Sanei , B , Chambers , JR and Sharif , S . 2006 . Probiotics stimulate production on natural antibody in chickens . Clinical Vaccine Immunology , 13 : 975 – 980 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins , SE , Higgins , JP , Vicente , JL , Wolfenden , AD , Tellez , G and Hargis , BM . 2007a . Temporal effects of lactic acid bacteria probiotic culture on neonatal broilers . Poultry Science , 86 : 1662 – 1666 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins , SE , Erf , GF , Higgins , JP , Henderson , SN , Wolfenden , AD , Gaona-Ramirez , G and Hargis , BM . 2007b . Effects of probiotic treatment in broiler chicks on intestinal macrophage numbers and phagocytosis of Salmonella Enteritidis by abdominal exudates cells . Poultry Science , 86 : 2315 – 2321 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins , SE , Higgins , JP , Wolfenden , AD , Henderson , SN , Torres-Rodringuez , A , Tellez , G and Hargis , BM . 2008 . Evaluation of a Lactobacillus-based probiotic culture for the reduction of Salmonella Enteritidis in neonatal broiler chicks . Poultry Science , 87 : 27 – 31 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogg , S . 2005 . Essential Microbiology , West Sussex, , England : John Wiley & Sons Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• Jin , LZ , Ho , YW , Abdullah , MA , Ali , MA and Jalaludin , S . 1998a . Effects of adherent Lactobacillus cultures on growth, weight of organs and intestinal microflora and volatile fatty acids in broilers . Animal Feed Science and Technology , 70 : 197 – 209 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin , LZ , Ho , YW , Abdullah , MA and Jalaludin , S . 1998b . Growth performance, intestinal microbial populations, and serum cholesterol of broilers fed diets containing lactobacillus cultures . Poultry Science , 77 : 1259 – 1265 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin , LZ , Ho , YW , Abdullah , MA and Jalaludin , S . 1996a . Influence of dried Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus cultures on intestinal microflora and performance in broilers . Animal Feed Science and Technology , 9 : 397 – 403 .
   Google Scholar
• JIN, L.Z., HO, Y.W., ABDULLAH, M.A. & JALALUDIN, S. (1996b) Effect of Lactobacillus cultures on digestive enzymes in chicken intestine. Proceedings of the 8th Animal Science Congress, Tokyo, Chiba, Japan, pp. 224–225
   Google Scholar
• Klaver , FAM and van der Meer , R . 1993 . The assumed assimilation of cholesterol by lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium bifidum is due to their bile-salt deconjugating activity . Applied Environmental Microbiology , 59 : 1120 – 1124 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koenen , ME , Kramer , J , van der Hulst , R , Heres , L , Jeurissen , SHM and Boersma , WJA . 2004 . Immunomodulation by probiotic lactobacilli in layer- and meat-type chickens . British Poultry Science , 45 : 355 – 366 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks , HL and Pesti , GM . 1984 . The roles of protein level and diet form in water consumption and abdominal fat pad deposition of broilers . Poultry Science , 63 : 1617 – 1625 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MASTBAUM, L., YOSSILEWITSCH, L., GRIMBERG, M., KEDEM, M., VIOLA, S., RAND, N., DVORIN, A., NOY, Y. & LITMAN, M. (1997) Effects of the probiotic “PRIMALAC” on broilers administered either as a feed additive or in the drinking water. World's Poultry Science Association Proceedings, 11th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition, pp. 511–513
   Google Scholar
• Mohan , B , Kadirvel , R , Natarajan , A and Bhaskaran , M . 1996 . Effect of probiotic supplementation on growth, nitrogen utilization and serum cholesterol in broilers . British Poultry Science , 37 : 395 – 401 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nahanshon , SN , Nakaue , HS and Mirosh , LW . 1993 . Effect of direct-fed microbials on nutrient retention and parameters of Single Comb White Leghorn pullets . Poultry Science , 72 : 87
   Google Scholar
• Nahanshon , SN , Nakaue , HS and Mirosh , LW . 1996 . Performance of Single Comb White Leghorn layers with a live microbial during the growth and egg laying phases . Animal Feed Science and Technology , 57 : 25 – 38 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Research Council . 1994 . Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, , 9th , Washington, DC : National Academic Science .
   Google Scholar
• Pivnick , H and Nurmi , E . 1982 . “ The Nurmi concept and its role in the control of Salmonella in poultry ” . In Developments in Food Microbiology , Edited by: Davis , R . 41 – 70 . London : Applied Science Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• SAS Institute . 1990 . SAS/STAT® User's Guide, release 6.03 edition , Cary, NC : SAS Institute Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Schneitz , C , Hakkien , M , Nuotio , L , Nurmi , E and Mead , G . 1992 . Competitive exclusion in the young bird: challenge models, administration and reciprocal protection . International Journal of Food Microbiology , 15 : 241 – 255 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneitz , C , Nuotio , L , Nurmi , E , Mead , G and Nurmi , E . 1990 . Droplet application for protecting chicks against Salmonella colonization by competitive exclusion . Veterinary Record , 126 : 510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singleton , P . 1999 . Bacteria in Biology, Biotechnology and Medicine, , 5th , 376 – 377 . London, , UK : John Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Swamy , HVLN , Smith , TK , Karrow , NA and Boermans , HJ . 2004 . Effects of feeding blends of grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins on growth and immunological parameters of broiler chickens . Poultry Science , 83 : 533 – 543 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tortuero , F . 1973 . Influence of the implantation of Lactobacillus acidophilus in chicks on the growth, feed conversion, malabsorption of fats syndrome and intestinal flora . Poultry Science , 52 : 197 – 203 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verma , J , Johri , TS , Swain , BK and Ameena , S . 2004 . Effect of graded levels of aflatoxin, ochratoxin and their combinations on the performance and immune response of broilers . British Poultry Science , 45 : 512 – 518 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watkins , BA and Kratzer , FH . 1984 . Drinking water treatment with commercial preparation of a concentrated Lactobacillus culture for broiler chickens . Poultry Science , 63 : 1671 – 1673 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wegmann , T and Smithies , O . 1966 . A simple haemagglutination system requiring small amounts of red cells and antibodies . Transfusion , 6 : 67 – 75 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar