Seasonal variation in semen characteristics of White Leghorn, New Hampshire and indigenous chicken in Iraq

References

• Al‐Jebouri , M. A. 1970 . A comparative study between some standard breeds of chicken and Iraqi strain , Iraq : University of Baghdad . M.S. thesis
   Google Scholar
• Allen , C. J. and Champion , L. R. 1955 . Competitive fertilization in the fowl . Poult. Sci. , 34 : 1332 – 1342 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al‐Rawi , B. A. 1969 . Effect of cross‐breeding on productive and reproductive characters of Iraqi chicken , Iraq : University of Baghdad . M.S. thesis
   Google Scholar
• Al‐Soudi , K. A. and Sokkar , I. in press . Evidence of resistance to Newcastle disease in chicken native to Iraq . Iraqi J. agric. Sci. ,
   Google Scholar
• Boone , M. A. and Hughes , B. L. 1969 . Starvation and its effect on semen quality . Poult. Sci. , 48 : 1723 – 1729 .
   Google Scholar
• Burlak , Z. K. 1966 . Age characteristics of spermatogenesis of cocks of meat breeds during sexual maturation . Inst. Ptitsey. , 8 : 251 – 261 .
   Google Scholar
• Burrows , W. H. and Quinn , J. P. 1937 . The collection of spermatozoa from the domestic fowl and turkey . Poult. Sci. , 16 : 19 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Chalov , A. 1970 . Semen quality and fertilizing capacity of cocks . Ptitsevodstvo , 20 (11) : 24 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Cooper , D. M. and Rowell , J. G. 1958 . Relations between fertility, embryonic survival and some semen characteristics in the chicken . Poult. Sci. , 37 : 699 – 707 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan , D. B. 1955 . Multiple range and multiple F test . Biometrics , 11 : 1 – 42 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurter , K. P. 1964 . Investigation on the influence of season on spermatogenesis in the domestic fowl, with particular reference to morphologically altered spermatozoa , 71 Hanover : Tierarztl. Hochsch. . Vet. Med. Dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Ingkasuwan , F. and Ogasawara , F. X. 1966 . The effect of light and temperature and their interaction on the semen production of White Leghorn males . Poult. Sci. , 45 : 1199 – 1206 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaidzo , O. 1963 . Variability of anomalies in spermatozoa of the cock (fowl) . Bull. Fac. Agric. Univ. Miyazaki , 8 : 289 – 294 .
   Google Scholar
• Kamar , G. A. R. 1958 . Semen characteristics of foreign and native fowls under Egyptian conditions . Indian J. vet. Sci. , 29 : 19 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Kamar , G. A. R. and Badreldin , A. L. 1959 . Seasonal variation in semen characteristics of adult Fayomi cocks . Poult. Sci. , 38 : 301 – 315 .
   Google Scholar
• Kamar , G. A. R. 1960 . Studies on fowl sperm. I. Viability of fowl sperms after storage. II. Seasonal variation in sperm abnormalities . Emp. J. exp. Agric. , 28 : 16 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Kovacs , E. 1964 . Testing the quality of cock semen . Allattenyesztes , 13 : 51 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Lake , P. E. 1971 . “ The male in reproduction. ” . In Physiology and Biochemistry of the Domestic Fowl , Edited by: Bell , D. J. and Freeman , B. M. 1411 – 1447 . London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Marini , P. J. and Goodman , B. L. 1969 . Semen characteristics as influenced by selection for divergent growth rate in chickens . Poult. Sci. , 48 : 859 – 865 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muzikant , J. 1968 . Some features of White Leghorn cock semen in winter . Documenta Vet. Brno. , 6 : 83 – 88 .
   Google Scholar
• Nestor , K. E. and Hyre , H. M. 1961 . A comparison of various treatments of fowl semen . Poult. Sci. , 40 : 772 – 777 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paesalu , O. 1970 . Methods of obtaining semen from cocks . Eesti Pollum. tead. Toode Kogum. , 64 : 79 – 86 .
   Google Scholar
• Parker , J. E. , McKenzine , F. F. and Kempster , H. L. 1942 . Fertility in the male domestic fowl . Missouri agric. Exp. Res. Bull. , : 347
   Google Scholar
• Perek , M. and Snapir , N. 1963 . Seasonal variation in semen production of different breeds of cocks and effect of vitamin C feed supplementation upon the semen of White Rocks . Br. Poult. Sci. , 4 : 19 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Philipel , T. 1970 . Relation between reproduction capacity and semen quality in cocks . Ptitsevidstvo , 20 (6) : 32 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• Polge , C. 1951 . Artificial insemination in fowl . Proc. Soc. Stud. Fertil., Camb. , 2 : 16 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Saecki , Y. 1959 . Seasonal changes in testicular function of cocks and egg production of hens . Niwatori‐no Kenkyu , 34 (1) : 72 – 74 . 77 – 78 . (1960). 28: 2274
   Google Scholar
• Siegel , H. S. , Siegel , P. B. and Bean , W. L. 1969 . Semen characteristics and fertility of meat‐type chickens given increasing daily photoperiods . Poult. Sci. , 48 : 1009 – 1013 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snedecor , G. W. 1956 . Statistical Methods, , 5th ed. , Ames, Iowa : Iowa State College Press .
   Google Scholar
• Soller , M. , Snapier , N. and Schindler , H. 1965 . Heritability of semen quantity, concentration and motility of White Rock, roosters, and their genetic correlation with rate of gain . Poult. Sci. , 44 : 1527 – 1529 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomar , N. S. , Misra , B. S. and Johair , C. B. 1966 . Seasonal variations in reaction time and semen production and prediction of some semen attributes on initial motility of spermatozoa in Haviana and Murray bulls . Indian J. Dairy Sci. , 19 : 87 – 93 .
   Google Scholar
• Wheeler , N. C. and Andrews , F. N. 1943 . The influence of season on semen production in the domestic fowl . Poult. Sci. , 22 : 361 – 367 .
   Google Scholar
• This paper was taken in part from a thesis submitted by J. M. S. to Baghdad University in partial fulfillment for the M.S. degree.
   Google Scholar
• Present address: Agriculture Secondary School, Ramadi, Iraq.
   Google Scholar