REFERENCES
- Almeida Paz, I.C.L., Mendes, A.A., Balog, A., Vulcano, L.C., Ballarin, A.W., Takahashi, S.E., Komyiama, C.M., Silva, M.C. & Cardoso, K.F.G. (2008). Study on the bone mineral density of the femur of broilers suffering femur degeneration. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 10 (2): 103–108.
- Bissé, E., Epting, T., Beil, A., Lindinger, G., Lang, H. & Wieland, H. (2005) Reference values for serum silicon in adults. Analytical Biochemistry, 337: 130–135. doi:10.1016/j.ab.2004.10.034
- Carlisle, E.M. (1972) Silicon: An essential element for the chick. Science, 178: 619–621. doi:10.1126/science.178.4061.619
- Carlisle, E.M. (1981) A requirement in bone formation independent of vitamin D1. Science, 33: 27–34.
- Clementi, G., Fiore, C.E. & Mangano, N.G. (2001) Role of soy diet and L-Arginine in cyclosporin-a-induced osteopenia in rats. Pharmacology and Toxicology, 88: 16–19. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0773.2001.088001016.x
- Elliot, M.A. & Edwards, H.M. (1991) Effect of dietary silicon on growth and skeletal development in chickens. Journal of Nutrition, 121: 201.
- Fiore, C.E., Pennisi, P., Cutuli, V.M., Prato, A., Messina, R. & Clementi, G. (2000) L-Arginine prevents bone loss and bone collagen breakdown in cyclosporin A-treated rats. European Journal of Pharmacology, 408: 323–326. doi:10.1016/S0014-2999(00)00800-1
- Gough, J.E., Jones, J.R. & Hench, L.L. (2004) Nodule formation and mineralisation of human primary osteoblasts cultured on a porous bioactive glass scaffold. Biomaterials, 25: 2039–2046. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.07.001
- Hing, K., Annaz, B., Saeed, S. & Revell, P.T.B. (2005) Microporosity enhances bioactivity of synthetic bone graft substitutes. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 16: 467–475.
- Jugdaohsingh, R., Tucker, K.L., Qiao, N., Cupples, L.A., Kiel, D.P. & Powell, J.J. (2004) Dietary silicon intake is positively associated with bone mineral density in men and premenopausal women of the Framingham Offspring cohort. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 19: 297–307. doi:10.1359/JBMR.0301225
- Junior, C.X. (2009) Deformidades das pernas em frangos de corte. Anais… Conferência APINCO de Ciência e Tecnologia Avícolas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, pp. 29–41.
- Nääs, I.A., Baracho, M.S., Bueno, L.G.F., Moura, D.J., Vercelino, R.A. & Salgado, D.D. (2012). Use of vitamin D to reduce lameness in broilers reared in harsh environments. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 14 (3): 159–232.
- Ravindran, V., Selle, P.H. & Bryden, W.L. (1999) Effects of phytase supplementation, individually, and in combination, with glycanase, on the nutritive value of wheat and barley. Poultry Science, 78: 1588–1595. doi:10.1093/ps/78.11.1588
- Rostagno, H.S., Albino, L.F.T., Donzele, J.L., Gomes, P.C., Oliveira, R.F., Lopes, D.C., Ferreira, A.S. & Barreto, S.L.T. (2005) Tabelas brasileiras para aves e suínos: composição de alimentos e exigências nutricionais. 3rd edn. (Viçosa, UFV).
- Sahin, K., Onderci, M., Sahin, N., Balci, T.A., Gursu, M.F., Juturu, V. & Kucuk, O. (2006) Dietary arginine silicate inositol complex improves bone mineralization in quail. Poultry Science, 85: 486–492. doi:10.1093/ps/85.3.486
- SAS Institute (2002) SAS® User’s Guide: Statistics. (Cary, NC, Statistical Analysis System Institute).
- Schwarz, K. & Milne, D.B. (1972) Growth promoting effects of silicon in rats. Nature, 239: 333–334. doi:10.1038/239333a0
- Seaborn, C.D. & Nielsen, F.H. (1994) Dietary silicon affects acid and alkaline phosphatase and 45calcium uptake in bone of rats. The Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine, 7: 11–18.
- Silva, D.J. & Queiroz, A.C. (2002) Análise de Alimentos: métodos químicos e biológicos. 3rd edn. (Viçosa, UFV).
- Su, G., Sorensen, P. & Kestin, S.C. (1999) Meal feeding is more effective than early feed restriction at reducing the prevalence of leg weakness in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 78: 949–955. doi:10.1093/ps/78.7.949
- Teichmann, H.F., López, J. & López, S.E. (1998) Efeito da fitase na biodisponibilidade de fósforo em dietas com farelo de arroz integral para frangos de corte. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 27: 338–344.
- Tucker, K.L. (2003) Dietary intake and bone status with aging. Current Pharmaceutic Design, 9: 2687–2704. doi:10.2174/1381612033453613
- Zhang, B. & Coon, C. (1997) The relationship of various tibia bone measurements in hens. Poultry Science, 76: 1698–1701. doi:10.1093/ps/76.12.1698