Antitrichomonal activity of Peganum harmala alkaloid extract against trichomoniasis in pigeon (Columba livia domestica)

References

• Amin, A., Bilic, I., Liebhart, D. & Hess, M. (2014) Trichomonads in birds–a review. Parasitology, 141: 733–747. doi:10.1017/S0031182013002096
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amin, A., Neubauer, C., Liebhart, D., Grabensteiner, E. & Hess, M. (2010) Axenization and optimization of in vitro growth of clonal cultures of tetratrichomonas gallinarum and trichomonas gallinae. Experimental Parasitology, 124: 202–208. doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2009.09.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arshad, N., Neubauer, C., Hasnain, S. & Hess, M. (2008b) Peganum harmala can minimize Escherichia coli infection in poultry, but long-term feeding may induce side effects. Poultry Science, 87: 240–249. doi:10.3382/ps.2007-00341
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arshad, N., Zitterl-Eglseer, K., Hasnain, S. & Hess, M. (2008a) Effect of Peganum harmala or its beta-carboline alkaloids on certain antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria and protozoa from poultry. Phytotherapy Research, 22: 1533-1538. doi:10.1002/ptr.2528
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Astulla, A., Zaima, K., Matsuno, Y., Hirasawa, Y., Ekasari, W., Widyawaruyanti, A. & Morita, H. (2008) Alkaloids from the seeds of Peganum harmala showing antiplasmodial and vasorelaxant activities. Journal of Natural Medicines, 62: 470–472. doi:10.1007/s11418-008-0259-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boal, C.W., Mannan, R.W. & Hudelson, K.S. (1998) Trichomoniasis in cooper’s hawks from Arizona. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 34: 590–593. doi:10.7589/0090-3558-34.3.590
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Giorgio, C., Delmas, F., Ollivier, E., Elias, R., Balansard, G. & Timon-David, P. (2004) In vitro activity of the beta-carboline alkaloids harmane, harmine, and harmaline toward parasites of the species Leishmania infantum. Experimental Parasitology, 106: 67–74. doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2004.04.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forrester, D. J. and Foster, G. W. (2008) Trichomonosis, in Parasitic Diseases of Wild Birds, C. T. Atkinson, N. J. Thomas and D. B. Hunter (eds.), pp. 120–153 (Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell). doi:10.1002/9780813804620.ch6
   Google Scholar
• Gerhold, R.W., Yabsley, M.J., Smith, A.J., Ostergaard, E., Mannan, W., Cann, J.D. & Fischer, J.R. (2008) Molecular characterization of the trichomonas gallinae morphologic complex in the United States. Journal of Parasitology, 94: 1335–1341. doi:10.1645/GE-1585.1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, T., Fan, B., Liang, J., Zhao, S., Dang, P., Gao, F. & Dong, M. (1997) Observations on the treatment of natural haemosporidia infections by total alkaloid of Peganum harmala L. in cattle. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 29: 72S–76S. doi:10.1007/BF02632936
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwalewa, E.O., Omisore, N.O., Adewunmi, C.O., Gbolade, A.A., Ademowo, O.G., Nneji, C. & Daniyan, O.M. (2008) Anti-protozoan activities of Harungana madagascariensis stem bark extract on trichomonads and malaria. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 117: 507–511. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2008.02.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, F.A., Maalik, A., Iqbal, Z. & Malik, I. (2013) Recent pharmacological developments in beta-carboline alkaloid “harmaline”. European Journal of Pharmacology, 721: 391–394. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.05.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawson, B., Cunningham, A.A., Chantrey, J., Hughes, L.A., John, S.K., Bunbury, N. & Tyler, K.M. (2011) A clonal strain of trichomonas gallinae is the aetiologic agent of an emerging avian epidemic disease. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 11: 1638–1645. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2011.06.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lumeij, J. & Zwijnenberg, R. (1990) Failure of nitro‐imidazole drugs to control trichomoniasis in the racing pigeon (columba livia domestica). Avian Pathology, 19: 165–166. doi:10.1080/03079459008418665
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez-Díaz, R.A., Ponce-Gordo, F., Rodríguez-Arce, I., Del Martínez-Herrero, M.C., González, F.G., Molina-López, R.Á. & Gómez-Muñoz, M.T. (2015) Trichomonas gypaetinii n. sp., a new trichomonad from the upper gastrointestinal tract of scavenging birds of prey. Parasitology Research, 1: 101–112. doi:10.1007/s00436-014-4165-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motevalli Haghi, A., Nateghpour, M., Edirssian, G., Sori, E. & Satvat, M. (2004) Evaluation of the effectiveness of ethanolic extract of peganum harmala against plasmodium berghei in comparison with chloroquine in sourian mice using in vivo tests. Journal of Tehran Medical School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, 2: 47–54.
   Google Scholar
• Munoz, E., Castella, J. & Gutierrez, J. (1998) In vivo and in vitro sensitivity of Trichomonas gallinae to some nitroimidazole drugs. Veterinary Parasitology, 78: 239–246. doi:10.1016/S0304-4017(98)00164-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nenaah, G. (2010) Antibacterial and antifungal activities of (beta)-carboline alkaloids of Peganum harmala (L) seeds and their combination effects. Fitoterapia, 81: 779–782. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2010.04.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prashanth, D. & John, S. (1999) Antibacterial activity of Peganum harmala. Fitoterapia, 70: 438–439. doi:10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00065-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, R.A., Lawson, B., Toms, M.P., Peck, K.M., Kirkwood, J.K., Chantrey, J. & Hutchinson, O.C. (2010) Emerging infectious disease leads to rapid population declines of common British birds. Plos One, 5 (8): e12215. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012215
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rouffaer, L., Adriaensen, C., De Boeck, C., Claerebout, E. & Martel, A. (2014) Racing pigeons: a reservoir for nitro-imidazole-resistant trichomonas gallinae. The Journal of Parasitology, 100: 360–363. doi:10.1645/13-359.1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seddiek, S.A., El-Shorbagy, M.M., Khater, H.F. & Ali, A.M. (2014) The antitrichomonal efficacy of garlic and metronidazole against Trichomonas gallinae infecting domestic pigeons. Parasitology Research, 113: 1319–1329. doi:10.1007/s00436-014-3771-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stockdale, J.E., Dunn, J.C., Goodman, S.J., Morris, A.J., Sheehan, D.K., Grice, P.V. & Hamer, K.C. (2015) The protozoan parasite trichomonas gallinae causes adult and nestling mortality in a declining population of European turtle doves, streptopelia turtur. Parasitology, 142: 490–498. doi:10.1017/S0031182014001474
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, X.-W. & Xie, H. (1999) Antineoplastic alkaloids from Peganum harmala. Drugs Future, 24: 1333–1337. doi:10.1358/dof.1999.024.12.858634
   Google Scholar