Protein and energy metabolism in two lines of chickens selected for growth on high or low protein diets

References

• Association of Official Analytical Chemists . 1975 . Official Methods of Analysis , 12th ed. , Washington DC : Association of Official Analytical Chemists .
   Google Scholar
• Broadbent , L. A. , Wilson , B. J. and Fisher , C. 1981 . The composition of the broiler chicken at 56 days of age: output, components and chemical composition . British Poultry Science , 22 : 385 – 390 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brouwer , E. Report of sub‐committee on constants and factors . 3rd Symposium on Energy Metabolism, Troon, European Association of Animal Production . pp. 441 – 443 . London : Academic Press . Publication No. 11:
   Google Scholar
• Chwalibog , A. and Henckel , S. Protein and fat gain in growing chickens . 7th Symposium on Energy and Metabolism, Vicky, European Association of Animal Production . pp. 193 – 196 . Clermont‐Ferrand : G. de Bussac . Publication No. 19:
   Google Scholar
• Chwalibog , A. and Thorbek , G. Nitrogen retention and energy cost of protein retention in chickens kept at different temperatures . 3rd Symposium on Protein Metabolism and Nutrition, Braunschweig, European Association of Animal Production . pp. 119 – 123 . Braunschweig : Institute of Animal Nutrition . Publication No. 27:
   Google Scholar
• Chwalibog , A. , Henckel , S. and Thorbek , G. 1978 . Protein and energy metabolism in growing broilers in relation to sex and feeding level . Zeitschrift für Tierphysiologie, Tieremährung und Futtermit‐ telkunde , 41 : 87 – 99 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chwalibog , A. , Lind , J. and Thorbek , G. 1979 . Description of a respiration unit for quantitative measurements of gas exchange in small animals applied for indirect calorimetry . Zatschrift für Tierphysiologie, Tieremahrung und Futtermittelkunde , 42 : 154 – 162 .
   Google Scholar
• Edwards , H. M. , Denman , F. , Abou‐Ashour , A. and Nugara , D. 1973 . Carcass composition studies. 1. Influence of age, sex, and type of dietary fat supplementation on total carcass and fatty acid composition . Poultry Science , 52 : 934 – 948 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrell , D. J. 1972 . An indirect closed circuit respiration chamber suitable for fowl . Poultry Science , 50 : 683 – 688 .
   Google Scholar
• Farrell , D. J. 1974 . Effects of dietary energy concentration on utilisation of energy by broiler chickens and on body composition determined by carcass analysis and predicted using tritium . British Poultry Science , 15 : 25 – 1 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrell , D. J. and Siregar , A. P. Comparison of the energy exchanges of ducklings and chickens . 8th Symposium on Energy and Metabolism, Cambridge, European Association of Animal Production . pp. 119 – 123 . London , Butterworths Publication No. 26:
   Google Scholar
• Fisher , C. 1981 . “ Protein deposition in poultry ” . In Protein Deposition in Animals Edited by: Buttery , P. J. and Lindsay , D. B. 251 – 270 . London , Butterworths
   Google Scholar
• Gill , J. L. 1978 . Design and Analyses of Experiments in the Animal and Medical Sciences , vol. 1 , 409 Ames : The Iowa State University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Griminger , P. and Fisher , H. 1962 . Genetic differences in growth potential on amino acid deficient diets . Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine , 111 : 754 – 756 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haakansson , J. and Eriksson , S. 1974 . Digestibility, nitrogen retention and consumption of metaboli‐zable energy by chickens on feeds of low and high concentration . Swedish Journal of Agricultural Research , 4 : 195 – 207 .
   Google Scholar
• Haakansson , J. and Eriksson , S. 1976 . Feed consumption, growth and development of different organs and tissues in chicks given feeds of low or high energy content . Lantbrukshogskolen, Stencilserie , 31 : 15
   Google Scholar
• Haakansson , J. , Eriksson , S. and Svensson , S. A. 1978 . Influence of feed energy level on chemical composition of tissues and on the energy and protein utilization by broiler chicks . Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Report , 59 : 1 – 110 .
   Google Scholar
• Hoch , F. L. and Lipmann , F. 1953 . The uncoupling of respiration and phosphorylation by the thyroid hormones . Proceedings National Academy of Sciences, USA , 40 : 909
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutt , F. B. and Nesheim , M. C. 1966 . Changing the chick's requirement of arginine by selection . Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology , 8 : 251 – 259 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kirchgessner , M. , Gerum , J. and Roth‐Maier , D. A. 1978 . Zur Verwertung von Stickstoff und Energie bei 3–5 Wochen alten Mastküken mit unterschiedlichen Energie‐ und Eiweissgehalten im Futter . Archiv für Geflügelkunde , 42 : 106 – 114 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruse , V. and Lind , O. 1977 . A rapid and precise sequential saturation radioimmunoassay for thyroxine . Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation , 37 : 149 – 155 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lardy , H. H. and Maley , G. F. 1954 . Metabolic effects of thyroid hormones in vitro . Recent Progress in Hormone Research , 10 : 129 – 141 .
   Google Scholar
• Leclercq , B. and Saadoun , A. in press . Selecting broilers for low or high abdominal fat. Comparison of energy metabolism of the lean and fat lines . Poultry Science ,
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landsudvalget for FjerkrÆ . 1981 . “ Beretning 1980/81 ” . 1 – 128 .
   Google Scholar
• Neergaard , L. , Petersen , C. B. and Thorbek , G. 1969 . Carbon determination in biological materials related to respiration trials. , Zeitschrift für . Tierphysiologie, Tieremahrung und Futtermittelkunde , 25 : 302 – 308 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nijkamp , H. J. , Van Es , A. J. H. and Huisman , E. A. Retention of nitrogen, fat, ash, carbon, and energy in growing chickens and carp . 6th Symposium on Energy and Metabolism, Hohenheim, European Association of Animal Production . pp. 277 – 280 . Universitat Hohenheim. Dokumentationstelle . Publication No. 14:
   Google Scholar
• Petersen , C. B. Efficiency of protein and fat deposition in growing chickens determined by respiration experiments . 5th Symposium on Energy and Metabolism, Vitznau, European Association of Animal Pr.oduction . pp. 205 – 208 . Zurich : Juns Druck, Verlag . Publication No. 13:
   Google Scholar
• Petersen , C. B. The influence of decreasing energy concentration in the diet on energy and nitrogen retention in chickens measured by slaughter investigations . 6th Symposium on Energy and Metabolism, Hohenheim, European Association of Animal Production . pp. 285 – 288 . Universitat Hohenheim, Dokumentationstelle . Publication No. 14:
   Google Scholar
• Proudman , J. A. , Mellon , J. W. and Anderson , D. L. 1970 . Utilization of feed in fast and slow growing lines of chickens . Poultry Science , 49 : 961 – 972 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rns , P. M. 1979 . “ Dobbelt antistofteknik ” . (personal communication).
   Google Scholar
• Shannon , D. W. F. and Brown , W. O. 1970 . A calorimetric estimate of the efficiency of utilisation of dietary energy by the growing cockerel . British Poultry Science , 11 : 1 – 6 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorensen , P. 1977 . Genotype‐level of protein interaction for growth rate in broilers . British Poultry Science , 18 : 625 – 632 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SØrensen , P. 1980a . Selection for growth rate in broilers fed on diets with different protein level . 6th European Poultry Conference, Hamburg , 4 : 64 – 71 .
   Google Scholar
• Sorensen , P. 1980b . Results of selection in broilers reared on different suboptimal feeding regimes. XXII . British Poultry Breeders Roundtable, Birmingham , : 1 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Thorbek , G. and Henckel , S. Studies on energy requirement for maintenance in farm animals . 7th Symposium on Energy and Metabolism, Vichy, European Association of Animal Production . pp. 117 – 120 . Publication No. 19:
   Google Scholar
• Touchburn , S. , Simon , J. and Leclercq , B. 1981 . Evidence of glucose‐insulin imbalance and effect of dietary protein and energy level in chickens selected for high abdominal fat content . Journal of Nutrition , 111 : 325 – 335 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trinder , P. 1969 . Determination of glucose in blood using glucose oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor . Animal Clinical Biochemistry , 6 : 24 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Turner , C. D. 1961 . General Endocrinology , London : W. B. Saunders Company .
   Google Scholar
• Wenk , C. and Van Es , A. J. H. Energy metabolism of growing chickens as related to their physical activity . 7th Symposium on Energy and Metabolism, Vichy, European Association of Animal Production . pp. 189 – 192 . Clermont‐Ferrand, G. de Bussac . Publication No. 19:
   Google Scholar
• Wenk , C. and Van Es , A. J. H. 1980 . Untersuchungen über den Stoffund Energiewechsel wachsender Küken unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Aktivität . Zeitschrift für Tierphysiologie, Tieremahrung und Futtermittelkunde , 43 : 241 – 254 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar