Effect of clenbuterol on growth, carcase and skeletal muscle characteristics in broiler chickens

References

• Beermann , D.H. , Butler , W.R. , Hogue , D.E. , Fishell , V.K. , Dalrymple , R.H. , Ricks , C.A. and Scanes , C.G. 1987 . Ci‐materol‐induced muscle hypertrophy and altered endocrine status in lambs . Journal of Animal Science , 65 : 1514 – 1524 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergen , W.G. , Johnson , D.M. , Skjaerlund , A.S. , Babiker , N. K. , Ames , R.A. , Merkel , R.A. and Anderson , D.B. 1989 . Muscle protein metabolism in finishing pigs fed ractopamine . Journal of Animal Science , 67 : 2255 – 2262 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beyersdorfer , G. , Ohlerich , M. and Wegner , J. 1985 . Ein hal‐bautomatisches Meßgerät zur Morphometrie von Muskelfasern im mikroskopischen Querschnittspräparat . Zeitschrift für mikroskopisch‐anatomische Forschung , 99 : 671 – 675 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bohorov , O. , Buttery , PJ. , Correia , J.H.R.D. and Soar , J.B. 1987 . The effect of the β‐2‐adrenergic agonist clenbuterol or implantation with oestradiol plus trenbolone acetate on protein metabolism in wether lambs . British Journal of Nutrition , 57 : 99 – 107 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corino , C. , Mascarello , F. and Rosi , F. 1993 . Effects of clenbuterol on rabbit growth, nitrogen balance and skeletal muscle fibres . Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition , 69 : 267 – 277 .
   Google Scholar
• Dalrymple , R.H. , Baker , P.K. , Gingher , P.E. , Ingle , D.L. , Pen‐sack , J.M. and Ricks , C.A. 1984 . A repartitioning agent to improve performance and carcass composition of broilers . Poultry Science , 36 : 2376 – 2383 .
   Google Scholar
• Dunshea , F.R. , King , R.H. , Campbell , R.G. , Sainz , R.D. and Klm , Y.S. 1993 . Interrelationships between sex and ractopamine on protein and lipid deposition in rapidly growing pigs . Journal of Animal Science , 71 : 2919 – 2930 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eadara , J.K. , Dalrymple , R.H. , Delay , R.L. , Ricks , C.A. and Romsos , D.R. 1989 . Effects of cimaterol, a beta‐adrenergic agonist, on protein metabolism in rats . Metabolism , 38 : 883 – 890 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emery , P.W. , Rothwell , N.J. , Stock , M.J. and Winter , P.D. 1984 . Chronic effects of beta‐adrenergic agonists on body composition and protein synthesis in the rat . Bioscience Reports , 4 : 83 – 91 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiedler , I. , Rehfeldt , C. and Ender , K. 1991 . Muskelfasermerk‐male: Neue Selektionskriterien? . Der Tierzüchter , 43 : 444 – 445 .
   Google Scholar
• Grant , A.L. , Helferich , W.G. , Merkel , R.A. and Bergen , W.G. 1990 . Effects of phenethanolamines and propranolol on the proliferation of cultured chick breast muscle satellite cells . Journal of Animal Science , 68 : 652 – 661 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grant , A.L. , Skjaerlund , D.M. , Helferich , W.G. , Bergen , W.G. and Merkel , R.A. 1993 . Skeletal muscle growth and expression of skeletal muscle α‐actin messenger RNA and insulin‐like growth factor‐I messenger RNA in pigs during feeding and withdrawal of ractopamine . Journal of Animal Science , 71 : 3319 – 3326 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greife , H.A. and Berschauer , F. 1987 . β‐adrenerge Wirkung auf den Protein und Fettstoffwechsel der Ratte am Beispiel des Clenbuterols . Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition , 58 : 27 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Helferich , W.G. , Jump , D.G. , Anderson , D.B. , Skjaerlund , D.M. , Merkel , R.A. and Bergen , W.G. 1990 . Skeletal muscle α‐actin synthesis is increased pretranslationally in pigs fed the phenethanolamine ractopamine . Endocrinology , 126 : 3096 – 3100 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Henriksson‐Larsén , K. 1984 . “ Distribution, total number and size of different types of fibres in male and female skeletal muscles. An enzyme histochemical study of whole muscle cross sections ” . Sweden : University of Umeå . Ph.D. Thesis
   Google Scholar
• Higgins , J.A. , Lasslett , Y.V. , Bardsley , R.G. and Buttery , P.J. 1988 . The relation between dietary restriction and clenbuterol (a selective β‐2‐agonist) treatment on muscle growth and carcase characteristics of finishing swine . British Journal of Nutrition , 60 : 645 – 652 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horák , V. 1983 . A successive histochemical staining for succinate dehydrogenase and “reversed"‐ATPase in a single section for the skeletal muscle fibre typing . Histochemistry , 78 : 545 – 553 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jones , R.W. , Easter , R.A. , McKeith , F.K. , Dalrymple , R.H. , Maddock , H.M. and Bechtel , P.J. 1985 . Effect of the β‐adrenergic agonist cimaterol (cl 263, 780) on the growth and carcase characteristics of finishing swine . Journal of Animal Science , 61 : 905 – 913 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanis , E. , Nievwhof , G.J. , De Greef , K.H. , van der Hel , W. , Verstegen , M.W.A. , Hiusman , J. and van der Wal , P. 1990 . Effect of recombinant porcine somatotropin on growth and carcase quality in growing pigs: interactions with genotype, gender and slaughter weight . Journal of Animal Science , 68 : 1193 – 1200 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim , Y.S. , Lee , Y.B. and Ashmore , C.R. 1988 . Cimaterol‐induced growth in rats: growth pattern and biochemical characteristics . Growth, Development & Ageing , 52 : 41 – 46 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Klm , Y.S. , Lee , Y.B. and Dalrymple , R.H. 1987 . Effect of the repartitioning agent cimaterol on growth, carcass and skeletal muscle characteristics in lambs . Journal of Animal Science , 65 : 1392 – 1399 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Knizetova , H. , Hyanek , J. , Hajkova , H. , Knize , B. and Siler , R. 1985 . Growth curves of chickens with different type of performance . Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics , 102 : 256 – 270 .
   Google Scholar
• Koohmaraie , M. , Shackelford , S.D. , Muggli‐Cockett , N.E. and Stone , R.T. 1991 . Effect of the β‐adrenergic agonist L644,969 on muscle growth, endogenous proteinase activities, and post mortem proteolysis in wether lambs . Journal of Animal Science , 69 : 4823 – 4835 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu , C.C. , Yeh , J.Y. , Ou , B.R. and Forsberg , N.E. 1994 . Actions of a beta‐adrenergic agonist on muscle protein metabolism in intact, adrenalectomized, and dexamethasone‐supplemented adrenalectomized rats . Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry , 5 : 43 – 49 .
   Google Scholar
• Maltin , C.A. , Delday , M.I. and Reeds , P.J. 1986 . The effect of a growth promoting drug, clenbuterol, on fibre frequency and area in hind limb muscles from young male rats . Bioscience Reports , 6 : 293 – 299 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maltin , C.A. , Hay , S.M. , McMillan , D.N. and Delday , M.I. 1992 . Tissue specific responses to clenbuterol—temporal changes in protein metabolism of striated muscle and visceral tissues from rats . Growth Regulation , 2 : 161 – 166 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morgan , J.B. , Jones , S.J. and Calkins , C.R. 1989 . Muscle protein turnover and tenderness in broiler chickens fed cimaterol . Journal of Animal Science , 67 : 2646 – 2654 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Munro , H.N. and Fleck , A. 1966 . Recent developments in the measurements of nucleic acids in biological materials . Analyst , 91 : 78 – 88 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oksbjerg , N. , Blackshaw , A. , Henckel , P. , Fernandez , J.A. and Agergaard , N. 1990 . Alteration in protein accretion and histochemical characteristics of the M. longissimus dorsi in pigs caused by salbutamol (a β‐adrenergic agonist) . Acta Agricultural Scandinavica , 40 : 397 – 401 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson , G.L. 1977 . A simplification of protein assay method of Lowry which is more applicable . Analytical Biochemistry , 83 : 346 – 356 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Priebs , H. , Thomanek , D. and Heinz , T. 1987 . Die Bestimmung der scheinbaren Verdaulichkeit des Rohproteins beim Hüh‐nergeflügel mit Hilfe der α‐NH2‐N‐Methode . Archives of Animal Nutrition , 37 : 467 – 474 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pringle , T.D. , Calkins , C.R. , Koohmaraie , M. and Jones , S.J. 1993 . Effects over time of feeding a β‐adrenergic agonist to wether lambs on animal performance, muscle growth, endogenous proteinase activities, and meat tenderness . Journal of Animal Science , 71 : 636 – 644 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rehfeldt , C.H. , Bünger , L. , Dietl , G. , Fiedler , I. and Wegner , J. 1988 . On the heritability of muscle structure characteristics and their genetic relationships with growth and fitness in laboratory mice . Archives of Animal Breeding , 312 : 185 – 195 .
   Google Scholar
• Rehfeldt , C.H. and Weikard , R. Cellular response of muscle to porcine somatotropin (pST) in pigs . Proceedings of the 2nd Dummerstorf Muscle Workshop Muscle Growth and Meat Quality . Vol. 6 , pp. 35 – 42 . Rostock : Schriftenreihe FBN .
   Google Scholar
• Rehfeldt , C.H. , Weikard , R. and Reichel , K. 1994 . Effects of the β‐adrenergic agonist clenbuterol on skeletal muscle growth in rats . Archives of Animal Nutrition , 45 : 333 – 344 .
   Google Scholar
• Reichel , K. 1990 . “ Einfluß von Clenbuterol als β‐adrenerge Mo‐dellsubstanz auf Wachstum, Protein‐ und Fettstoffwechsel, Energieverwertung und Schlachtkörperzusammensetzung von Ratten, Broilern und Mastschweinen ” . Germany : University of Rostock . PhD Thesis
   Google Scholar
• Reichel , K. , Rehfeldt , C.h. , Weikard , R. , Schadereit , R. and Krawielitzki , K. 1993 . Influence of a β‐agonist and a β‐agonist/antagonist combination on muscle growth, body composition and protein metabolism in rats . Archives of Animal Nutrition , 45 : 211 – 225 .
   Google Scholar
• Richards , G.M. 1974 . Modifications of the diphenylamine reaction giving increased sensitivity and simplicity in the estimation of DNA . Analytical Biochemistry , 57 : 369 – 376 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ricks , C.A. , Dalrymple , R.H. , Baker , P.K. and Ingle , D.L. 1984 . Use of beta‐agonist to alter fat and muscle deposition in steers . Journal of Animal Science , 59 : 1247 – 1255 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romeis , B. 1989 . Mikroskopische Technik , Edited by: Böck , P. München : Urban & Schwarzenberg .
   Google Scholar
• Rosi , F. , Corino , C. , Bontempo , V. and Capalbo , R. Influence of the sampling time on blood variables related to protein metabolism in clenbuterol‐fed N.Z.W. rabbits . Proceedings of the 7th Symposium on Protein Metabolism and Nutrition . Santarem, Portugal. pp. 123
   Google Scholar
• Sainz , R.D. , Kim , Y.S. , Dunshea , F.R. and Campbell , R.G. 1993 . Effects of ractopamine in pig muscles—histology, calpains and beta‐adrenergic receptors . Australian Journal of Agricultural Research , 44 : 1441 – 1448 .
   Google Scholar
• SAS Institute . 1989–1996 . The SAS System Release 6.11. , Cary, North Carolina : SAS Institute Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Timson , B.F. 1982 . The effect of varying postnatal growth rate on skeletal muscle fibre number in the mouse . Growth , 46 : 36 – 45 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vestergaard , M. , Purup , S. , Henckel , P. , Klastrup , S. and Sejrsen , K. Effects of growth hormone and cimaterol on meat quality and muscle fiber characteristics . Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the EAAP, Satellite Symposium . Dummerstorf, Germany.
   Google Scholar
• Weikard , R. , Rehfeldt , C.H. and Ender , K. 1992a . Changes in muscle structure and protein metabolism of pigs in response to porcine somatotropin . Archives of Animal Breeding , 35 : 273 – 284 .
   Google Scholar
• Weikard , R. , Rehfeldt , C.H. and Ender , K. 1992b . Changes in protein synthesis, protein degradation and nucleic acid content in response to the beta‐receptor agonist clenbuterol in muscle of rats . Archives of Animal Breeding , 35 : 421 – 429 .
   Google Scholar
• Young , R.B. , Moriarity , D.M. , McGee , C.E. , Farrar , W.R. and Richter , H.E. 1990 . Protein metabolism in chicken muscle cell cultures treated with cimaterol . Journal of Animal Science , 68 : 1158 – 1169 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zeman , R.J. , Ludemann , R. , Easton , T.G. and Etlinger , J.D. 1988 . Slow to fast alterations in skeletal muscle fibers caused by clenbuterol, a β2‐receptor agonist . American Journal of Physiology , 254 : E726 – E732 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou , G.H. and Han , Z.K. 1994 . Effects of dietary supplementation of beta2‐adrenergic agonist clenbuterol on carcase characteristics and metabolites in ducks . British Poultry Science , 35 : 355 – 361 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar