- DE MAN , J. 1992 . “ Chemical and physical properties of fatty acids ” . In Fatty Acids in Foods and their Health Implications , Edited by: CHOW , C.K. 17 – 45 . New York : Marcel Dekker .
- FREEMAN , B.M. and VINCE , M.A. 1974 . Development of the Avian Embryo , 249 – 260 . London : Chapman and Hall .
- CHERIAN , G. and SIM , J.G. 1997 . Egg yolk polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E content alters the tocopherol status of hatched chicks . Poultry Science , 76 : 1753 – 1759 .
- CHERIAN , G. , WOLFE , F.W. and SIM , J.S. 1996 . Dietary oils with added tocopherols: effects on egg or tissue tocopherols, fatty acids, and oxidative stability . Poultry Science , 75 : 423 – 431 .
- GAAL , T. , MEZES , M. , NOBLE , R.C. , DIXON , J. and SPEAKE , B.K. 1995 . Development of antioxidant capacity in tissues of the chick embryo . Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology , 112B : 711 – 716 .
- HESS , J.L. 1993 . “ Vitamin E; a-tocopherol ” . In Antioxidants in Higher Plants , Edited by: ALSCHER , R.G. and HESS , J.L. 111 – 134 . Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press .
- JIANG , Y.H. , McGEACHIN , R.B. and BAILEY , C.A. 1994 . a-Tocopherol, ß-carotene, and retinol enrichment of chicken eggs . Poultry Science , 73 : 1137 – 1143 .
- KELSO , K.A. , CEROLINI , S. , SPEAKE , B.K. , CAVALCHINI , L.G. and NOBLE , R.C. 1997 . Effects of dietary supplementation with a-linolenic acid on the phospholipid fatty acid composition and quality of spermatozoa in cockerel from 24 to 72 weeks of age . Journal of Reproduction and Fertility , 110 : 53 – 59 .
- MACPHERSON , A. 1994 . “ Selenium, vitamin E and biological oxidation ” . In Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition , Edited by: COLE , D.J.A. and GARNSWORTHY , P. 3 – 30 . Oxford : Butterworth Heinemann .
- MALDJIAN , A. , CRISTOFORI , C. , NOBLE , R.C. and SPEAKE , B.K. 1996 . The fatty acid composition of brain phospholipids from chicken and duck embryos . Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology , 115B : 153 – 158 .
- MEZES , M. , SURAI , P. , SALYI , G. , SPEAKE , B.K. , GAAL , T. and MALDJIAN , A. 1997 . Nutritional metabolic diseases of poultry and disorders of the biological antioxidant system . Acta Veterinaria Hungarica , 45 : 349 – 360 .
- NEURINGER , M. , ANDERSON , G.J. and CONNOR , W.E. 1988 . The essentiality of n-3 fatty acids for the development and function of the retina and brain . Annual Review of Nutrition , 8 : 517 – 541 .
- NOBLE , R.C. and COCCHI , M. 1990 . Lipid metabolism and the neonatal chicken . Progress in Lipid Research , 29 : 107 – 140 .
- NOBLE , R.C. , COCCHI , M. and BATH , H.M. 1993 . a-Tocopherol absorption and polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in the developing chick embryo . British Poultry Science , 34 : 815 – 818 .
- OHKAWA , H. , OHNISHI , N. and YAGI , K. 1979 . Assay for lipid peroxidation in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction . Analytical Biochemistry , 95 : 351 – 358 .
- QI , G.H. and SIM , J.S. 1998 . Natural tocopherol enrichment and its effect in n-3 fatty acid modified chicken eggs . Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry , 46 : 1920 – 1926 .
- REITER , R.J. 1995 . Oxidative processes and antioxidant defense mechanisms in the ageing brain . FASEB Journal , 9 : 526 – 533 .
- SHEEHY , P.J.A. , MORRISSEY , P.A. and FLYNN , A. 1991 . Influence of dietary a-tocopherol on tocopherol concentrations in chick tissues . British Poultry Science , 32 : 391 – 397 .
- SPEAKE , B.K. , NOBLE , R.C. and McCARTNEY , R.J. 1993 . Tissue-specific changes in lipid composition and lipoprotein lipase activity during development of the chick embryo . Biochmica et Biophysica Acta , 1165 : 263 – 270 .
- SURAI , P.F. , NOBLE , R.C. and SPEAKE , B.K. 1996 . Tissue-specific differences in antioxidant distribution and susceptibility to lipid peroxidation during development of the chick embryo . Biochimica et Biophysica Acta , 1304 : 1 – 10 .
- SURAI , P.F. , GAAL , T. , NOBLE , R.C. and SPEAKE , B.K. 1997 . The relationship between the a-tocopherol content of the yolk and its accumulation in the tissues of the newly hatched chick . Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture , 75 : 212 – 216 .
- SURAI , P.F. , IONOV , I.A. , KUCHMISTOVA , E.F. , NOBLE , R.C. and SPEAKE , B.K. 1998a . The relationship between the levels of a-tocopherol and carotenoids in the maternal feed, yolk and neonatal tissues: comparison between the chicken, turkey, duck and goose . Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture , 76 : 593 – 598 .
- SURAI , P.F. , IONOV , I.A. , KUKLENKO , T.V. , KOSTJUK , I.A. , MACPHERSON , A. , SPEAKE , B.K. , NOBLE , R.C. and SPARKS , N.H.C. 1998b . Effect of supplementing the hen's diet with vitamin A on the accumulation of vitamins A and E, ascorbic acid and carotenoids in the egg yolk and in the embryonic liver . British Poultry Science , 39 : 257 – 263 .
- SURAI , P.F. and SPEAKE , B.K. 1998 . Selective excretion of yolk-derived tocotrienols into the bile of the chick embryo . Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology , 121B : 393 – 396 .
- WHITE , P.J. and XING , Y. 1997 . “ Antioxidants from cereals and legumes ” . In Natural Antioxidants: Chemistry, Health Effects and Applications , Edited by: SHAHIDI , F. 25 – 63 . Champaign, IL : AOCS Press .
- WILSON , J.X. 1990 . Regulation of ascorbic acid concentration in embryonic chick brain . Developmental Biology , 139 : 292 – 298 .
- YOSHIDA , H. , TAGAKI , S. , IENAGA , H. and TSUCHIYA , C. 1998 . Regional distribution of tocopherols and fatty acids within soybean seeds . Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society , 75 : 767 – 774 .
British Poultry Science
Volume 40, 1999 - Issue 3