255
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Technological networks and industrial research in Britain: The London, Midland & Scottish Railway, 1926–47

Pages 43-68 | Published online: 19 Aug 2006

References

  • Aldrich , Mark . 1999 . The Peril of the Broken Rail”: The Carriers, the Steel Companies, and Rail Technology, 1900–1945 . Technology and Culture , 40 : 263 – 291 .
  • Aldrich , Mark . 2002 . Regulating Transportation of Hazardous Substances: Railroads and Reform 1883–1930 . Business History Review , 76 : 267 – 297 .
  • Bagwell , Philip S . 1968 . The Railway Clearing House in the British Economy 1842–1922 , London : George Allen & Unwin .
  • Bailey , Michael R . 1999 . “Decision-Making Processes in the Manufacturing Sector: The Independent Locomotive Industry in the Nineteenth Century.” , University of York . D.Phil. thesis
  • Bonavia , Michael R . 1971 . The Organisation of British Railways , London : Ian Allan .
  • Bonavia , Michael R . 1981 . Railway Policy between the Wars , Manchester : Manchester University Press .
  • Bond , Rland C . 1975 . A Lifetime with Locomotives , Cambridge : Goose .
  • Boyce , Gordon H . 2000 . Co-operative Structures in Global Business: Communicating, Transferring Knowledge and Learning across the Corporate Frontier , London and New York : Routledge .
  • Brown , John K . 1995 . The Baldwin Locomotive Works, 1831–1915 , Baltimore , MD : Johns Hopkins University Press . London
  • Brown , Jonathan and Mary , B Rose . 1993 . Entrepreneurship, Networks, and Modern Business , Manchester : Manchester University Press .
  • Bulleid , Henry A. V. 1983 . Master Builders of Steam. , 2nd edn , London : Ian Allan .
  • Butterfield , Peter . 1986 . Grouping, Pooling and Competition: The Passenger Policy of the London & North Eastern Railway, 1923–39 . Journal of Transport History , 7 : 21 – 47 . 3rd series
  • Carter , Oliver . 1990 . An Illustrated History of British Railway Hotels 1838–1983 , St Michael's : Silver Link .
  • Chacksfield , John . 2000 . Sir Henry Fowler: A Versatile Life , Usk : Oakwood Press .
  • Chacksfield , John . 2001 . Sir William Stanier: A New Biography , Usk : Oakwood Press .
  • Chandler , Alfred D Jr. 1990 . Scale and Scope: The Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism , London : Belknap Press .
  • Channon , Geoffrey . 1985 . “Milne, Sir James.” Dictionary of Business Biography , Vol.4 , 240 – 247 . London : Butterworths .
  • Channon , Geoffrey . 2001 . Railways in Britain and the United States, 1830–1940: Studies in Economic and Business History , Aldershot : Ashgate .
  • 1925 . Chemical Laboratory, Crewe . LMS Magazine , 2 : 342 – 344 .
  • Church , Roy . 1999 . New Perspectives on the History of Products, Firms, Marketing, and Consumers in Britain and the United States since the Mid-Nineteenth Century . Economic History Review , 52 : 405 – 435 .
  • Churella , Albert J . 1998 . From Steam to Diesel: Managerial Customs and Organizational Capabilities in the Twentieth-Century American Locomotive Industry , Princeton and Chichester : Princeton University Press .
  • Constant , Edward W II . 1980 . The Origins of the Turbojet Revolution , Baltimore , MD : John Hopkins University Press .
  • Cox , Ernest S . 1966 . Locomotive Panorama , vol. 2 , London : Ian Allan .
  • Crompton , Gerald . 1985 . “Efficient and Economical Working”? The Performance of the Railway Companies 1923–33 . Business History , 27 : 222 – 237 .
  • Crompton , Gerald . 1995 . “ The Railway Companies and the Nationalisation Issue 1920–50 ” . In The Political Economy of Nationalisation in Britain 1920–50 , Edited by: Millward , Robert and Singleton , John . 116 – 143 . London : Cambridge University Press .
  • Crompton , Gerald . 1999 . “Good Business for the Nation”: The Railway Nationalisation Issue, 1921–47 . Journal of Transport History , 20 : 141 – 159 . 3rd series
  • Crompton , Gerald and Jupe , R. 2002 . “An Awkward Fence to Cross”: Railway Capitalization in Britain in the Inter-war Years . Accounting, Business and Financial History , 12 : 439 – 459 .
  • Dale , Lewis P. 1935 . An Example of Chemical Research: Combustion in the Locomotive Boiler . LMS Magazine , 12 : 273 – 275 .
  • Dennis , Michael A . 1987 . Accounting for Research: New Histories of Corporate Laboratories and the Social History of American Science . Social Studies of Science , 17 : 479 – 518 .
  • Dictionary of Business Biography , vols. 3 , 1984 – 1986 . London : Butterworths . 4, 5
  • Dictionary of National Biography, 1941–1950; 1951–1960; 1971–1980 , Oxford : Oxford University Press . various dates
  • 1993 . Dictionary of National Biography, Missing Persons , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Divall , Colin . 2000 . Learning from America? . Railroad History , : 124 – 142 . The Diesel Revolution: Millennium Special
  • Dunlavy , Colleen A. 1994 . Politics and Industrialization: Early Railroads in the United States and Prussia , Princeton : Princeton University Press .
  • Edgerton , David E.H. 1987 . Science and Technology in British Business History . Business History , 29 : 84 – 103 .
  • Edgerton , David E.H. 1994 . British Industrial R&D, 1900–1970 . Journal of European Economic History , 23 : 49 – 68 .
  • Edgerton , David E.H. 1996 . Science, Technology and British Industrial ‘Decline’, 1870–1970 , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Edgerton , David E. H. and Sally , Horrocks M. 1994 . British Industrial Research and Development Before 1945 . Economic History Review , 47 : 213 – 238 .
  • Ellis , Hamilton C. 1970 . London Midland & Scottish: A Railway in Retrospect , London : Ian Allan .
  • Everard , Stirling . 1949 . The History of the Gas Light & Coke Company , London : Ernest Benn .
  • Fancutt , Frank . 1935 . The LMS Paint Laboratory . LMS Magazine , 12 : 592 – 593 .
  • Gourvish , Terence R . 1986 . “ The Railways and the Development of the Managerial Enterprise in Britain, 1850–1939 ” . In Development of Managerial Enterprise , Edited by: Kobayashi , Kesaji and Morikawa , Hidemasa . 185 – 204 . Tokyo : University of Tokyo Press .
  • Gourvish , Terence R . 1987 . British Business and the Transition to a Corporate Economy: Entrepreneurship and Management Structures . Business History , 29 : 18 – 45 .
  • Gourvish , Terence R . 1999 . “ The Regulation of Britain's Railways: Past, Present and Future ” . In Institutions in the Transport and Communications Industries: State and Private Actors in the Making of Institutional Patterns, 1850–1990 , Edited by: Andersson-Skog , Lena and Krantz , Olle . 117 – 132 . Canton , MA : Watson Publishing International .
  • Graham , Margaret B. W. 1988 . R&D and Competition in England and the United States: The Case of the Dirigible . Business History Review , 62 : 261 – 285 .
  • Hannah , Leslie . 1983 . The Rise of the Corporate Economy. , 2nd edn , London : Methuen .
  • Hannah , Leslie . 1991 . Scale and Scope: Towards a European Visible Hand? . Business History , 33 April : 297 – 309 .
  • Hartley , Harold B . 1932 . Scientific Research on the LMSR: Organisation to Secure Economies in Working and Improved Services . Modern Transport , 11 June : 15 – 22 .
  • Heath , Frank H. and Hetherington , A .L. 1946 . Industrial Research and Development in the United Kingdom , London : Faber & Faber .
  • Herbert , Martin T. 1934 . The LMS Research Department . LMS Magazine , 11 : 516 – 17 .
  • Hilken , T. J.N. 1965 . Engineering at Cambridge University, 1783–1965 , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Hughes , Geoffrey . 1992 . The Board of Directors of the London & North Eastern Railway . Journal of Transport History , 13 : 162 – 79 . 3rd series
  • Hughes , Thomas P. 1983 . Networks of Power: Electrification in Western Society 1880–1930 , Baltimore , MD : John Hopkins University Press .
  • Huxley , Julian . 1934 . Scientific Research and Social Needs , London : Watts .
  • Jeremy , David J . 1990 . The Hundred Largest Employers in the United Kingdom, in Manufacturing and Non-Manufacturing Industries, in 1907, 1935 and 1955 . Business History , 33 : 93 – 111 . 1991
  • 1998 . A Business History of Britain, 1900–1990s , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Johnman , Lewis . 1986 . The Large Manufacturing Companies of 1935 . Business History , 28 : 226 – 45 .
  • Johnson , John and Robert , A. Long . 1981 . British Railways Engineering, 1948–80 , London : Mechanical Engineering Publications .
  • Jones , Harry J. 1964 . Josiah Stamp: Public Servant: The Life of the First Baron Stamp of Shortlands , London : Pitman .
  • Jones , S. R.H. 1997 . Transaction Costs and the Theory of the Firm: The Scope and Limitations of the New Institutional Approach . Business History , 39 ( no. 4 ) : 9 – 25 .
  • Kirby , Maurice W. 1992 . Institutional Rigidities and Economic Decline: Reflections on the British Experience . Economic History Review , 45 : 637 – 60 .
  • Lee , Clive H. 1990 . Corporate Behaviour in Theory and History: II. The Historian's Perspective . Business History , 32 : 163 – 79 .
  • LMS Film Unit . 1989 . “ Scientific Research.” 22-minute film (c. 1935) ” . In Archive Railway Films 8 (video, Transport Video Publishing
  • McGrath , Patrick J . 2002 . Scientists, Business and the State, 1890–1960 , Chapel Hill , NC : University of North Carolina Press .
  • Milligan , John . 1975 . The Resilient Pioneers: A History of the Elastic Rail Spike Company and its Associates , Aberdeen and Edinburgh : Paul Harris Publishing .
  • Mowery , David C . 1983 . The Relationship between Intrafirm and Contractual Forms of Industrial Research in American Manufacturing, 1900–1940 . Explorations in Economic History , 20 : 351 – 374 .
  • Mowery , David C . 1984 . Firm Structure, Government Policy, and the Organization of Industrial Research: Great Britain and the United States, 1900–1950 . Business History Review , 58 : 504 – 531 .
  • Mowery , David C . 1986 . “ Industrial Research, 1900–1950 ” . In The Decline of the British Economy , Edited by: Elbaum , Bernard and Lazonick , William . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Mowery , David C . 1995 . “ The Boundaries of the US Firm in R&D ” . In Coordination and Information: Historical Perspectives on the Organization of Enterprise , Edited by: Naomi , R. Lamoreaux and Raff , G. Daniel M. Chicago and London : University of Chicago Press .
  • Mowery , David C and Rosenberg , Nathan . 1989 . Technology and the Pursuit of Economic Growth , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Nock , Oswald S . 1975 . Sir William Stanier: An Engineering Biography. , 2nd edn , London : Ian Allan .
  • Nock , Oswald S . 1982 . A History of the LMS: The First Years, 1923–30 , London : George Allen & Unwin .
  • Nock , Oswald S . 1982 . A History of the LMS: The Record-Breaking ’Thirties, 1931–39 , London : George Allen & Unwin .
  • Oston , A. G. 1973 . Harold Brewer Hartley . Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society , 19 : 349 – 373 .
  • Dec 1938 . “ Paint Research on the London, Midland and Scottish Railway ” . In Bulletin of the International Railway Congress Association Dec , 1290 – 1292 .
  • Pearson , Arthur J . 1967 . Man of the Rail , London : George Allen & Unwin .
  • Pearson , Robin . 1997 . Towards an Historical Model of Services Innovation: The Case of the Insurance Industry, 1700–1914 . Economic History Review , 50 : 235 – 56 .
  • Piore , Michael J and Charles , Sabel F. 1984 . The Second Industrial Divide: Possibilities for Prosperity , New York : Basic Books .
  • Pope , Rex . 2000 . A Consumer Service in Interwar Britain: The Hotel Trade, 1924–1938 . Business History Review , 74 : 657 – 682 .
  • Porter , Michael E . 1998 . Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. , 2nd edn , New York : Free Press .
  • Potter , Stephen . 1987 . On the Right Lines: The Limits of Technological Innovation , London : Frances Pinter .
  • Pritchard , W . 1935 . The LMS Research Department: The Textile Section . LMS Magazine , 12 : 66 – 68 .
  • Roberts , Hugh C. B. 1970 . The Last Steam Locomotive Engineer: R.A. Riddles CBE , London : George Allen & Unwin .
  • Rutherford , Michael . 1997 . The Era of Sir Henry Fowler . Backtrack , 11 : 501 – 9 .
  • Sanderson , Michael . 1972 . ‘Research and the Firm in British Industry, 1919–39.’ . Science Studies , 2 : 107 – 151 .
  • Simmons , Jack . 1978 . The Railway in England and Wales 1830–1914: The System and Its Working , Leicester : Leicester University Press .
  • Nov 1938 . “ Sir Henry Fowler, KBE, LLD, DSc ” . In Bulletin of the International Railway Congress Association Nov , 1195 – 1196 .
  • Smith , John Kenley Jr. 1990 . The Scientific Tradition in American Industrial Research . Technology and Culture , 31 : 121 – 131 .
  • June 1936 . “ The New Research Laboratory at Derby, London Midland and Scottish Railway ” . In Bulletin of the International Railway Congress Association June , 651 – 656 .
  • Thomas , Mark . 2004 . “ The Service Sector ” . In The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain, vol. 2, Economic Maturity, 1860–1939 , Edited by: Floud , Roderick and Johnson , Paul . 99 – 132 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Usselman , Steve . 2002 . Regulating Railroad Innovation: Business, Technology and Politics in America, 1840–1920 , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press . New York
  • Wardley , Peter . 1991 . The Anatomy of Big Business: Aspects of Corporate Development in the Twentieth Century . Business History , 33 : 268 – 296 .
  • Williams , L Hugh . 1985 . APT: A Promise Unfulfilled , London : Ian Allan .
  • Williamson , John W . 1933 . A British Railway behind the Scenes: A Study in the Science of Industry , London : Ernest Benn .
  • Wilson , John F . 1995 . British Business History, 1720–1994 , Manchester : Manchester University Press .
  • Wise , Sam . 2000 . British Railway Research: The First Hundred Years , Edited by: Gilchrist , A. O. York : Institute of Railway Studies & Transport History .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.