Thermodynamics and kinetics analyses of ZrB₂ formation in molten aluminium alloys

References

• G. G. Gauthier: ‘The conductivity of super-purity aluminium: The influence of small metallic additions’, J. Inst. Met., 1936, 59, 129–150.
   Google Scholar
• W. A. Dean: ‘Effects of alloying elements and impurities on properties’, Aluminum, 1967, 1, 174.
   Google Scholar
• ASTM: Aluminium and Magnesium Alloys, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• S. Karabay and I. Uzman: ‘Inoculation of transition elements by addition of AlB2 and AlB12 to decrease detrimental effect on the conductivity of 99.6% aluminium in CCL for manufacturing of conductor’, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2005, 160, 174–182. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.06.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Karabay and I. Uzman: ‘A study on the possible usage of continuously cast aluminium 99.6% containing high Ti, V, and Cr impurities as feedstock for the manufacturing of electrical conductors’, Mater. Manuf. Process., 2005, 20, 231–243. doi: 10.1081/AMP-200041884
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. A. Engh: ‘Principles of metal refining’, 1992, San Francisco, CA, Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• J. F. Grandfield and J. A. Taylor: TMS Annual Meeting, 2009, 1007–1011.
   Google Scholar
• G. Dube: in: Q. Alcan International Limited, Canada (Ed.) European Patent Application, 1983.
   Google Scholar
• B.-G. Luan, X.-L. Tang and C.-Q. Haung: ‘Increasing the electrical conductivity of aluminium conductor by treating the melt with boron’, Electr. Wire Cables (in Chinese), 1984, 2, 36–40.
   Google Scholar
• W. Stiller and T. Ingenlath: ‘Aluminium’, English edn, 60; 1984, Halberstadt, MBH.
   Google Scholar
• P. S. Cooper and M. A. Kearns: Aluminium alloys: Their physical and mechanical properties, Pts 1–3, 217, 1996, 141–146.
   Google Scholar
• R. Cook, M. A. Kearns and P. S. Cooper: ‘Effects of residual transition metal impurities of electrical conductivity and grain refinement of EC grade aluminium’, TMS Annual Meetings, Warrendale, Pennsylvania, USA, 1997, 809–814.
   Google Scholar
• P. S. Cooper, R. Cook and M. A. Kearns: London and Scandinavian Metallurgical Co Limited, UK, London, UK, 1997. Available at: http://www.metallurgal.com
   Google Scholar
• J. Grandfield, A. Khaliq, M. A. Rhamdhani, M. Dewan, M. Easton, L. Sweet, C. Davidson, J. Mitchell and G. Brooks: 10th Australasian Aluminium Smelting Technology Conference, Tasmania, Australia, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• A. Khaliq, M. A. Rhamdhani, G. A. Brooks and J. Grandfield: TMS 2011, San Diego, CA, 2011, 751–756.
   Google Scholar
• A. Khaliq, M. A. Rhamdhani, G. A. Brooks, J. Grandfield, J. Mitchell and D. Cameron: EMC (European Metallurgical Conference) Dusseldorf, Germany, 2011, 825–838.
   Google Scholar
• G. Q. Wang, S. H. Liu, C. M. Li and Q. Gao: ‘Reaction of boron to transition metal impurities and its effect on conductivity of aluminium’, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 2002, 12, 1112–1116.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Khaliq, M. A. Rhamdhani, G. Brooks and J. Grandfield: in: B. Prof. Geoffrey A, D. M. A. Rhamdhani (Eds.) High temperature processing symposium (HTPS), Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• A. Khaliq, M. A. Rhamdhani, G. A. Brooks and J. F. Grandfield: ‘Removal of vanadium from molten aluminum-Part I. Analysis of VB2 formation’, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2014, 45, 752–768. doi: 10.1007/s11663-013-9974-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Khaliq, M. A. Rhamdhani, G. A. Brooks and J. F. Grandfield: ‘Removal of vanadium from molten aluminum-Part II. Kinetic analysis and mechanism of VB2 formation’, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2014, 45, 769–783. doi: 10.1007/s11663-013-9975-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Khaliq, M. A. Rhamdhani, G. A. Brooks and J. Grandfield: ‘Removal of vanadium from molten aluminum-Part III. Analysis of industrial boron treatment practice’, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2014, 45, 784–794. doi: 10.1007/s11663-013-0017-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Khaliq, M. A. Rhamdhani, G. A. Brooks and J. Grandfield: ‘Analysis of boron treatment for V removal using AlB2 and AlB12 based master alloys’, TMS Annual Meetings, San Diego, California, USA, 2014, 963–968.
   Google Scholar
• A. Khaliq: ‘Thermodynamics and kinetics of transition metal borides formation in molten aluminium’, PhD Thesis, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia, 2013, 280.
   Google Scholar
• C. J. Simensen and G. Strand: ‘Analysis of inclusions in aluminium by dissolution of the samples in hydrochloric/nitric acid’, Fresenius’ J. Anal. Chem., 1981, 308, 11–16. doi: 10.1007/BF00487826
   Google Scholar
• I. Higashi, Y. Takahashi and T. Atoda: ‘Crystal-growth of borides and carbides of transition-metals from molten aluminum solutions’, J. Cryst. Growth., 1976, 33, 207–211. doi: 10.1016/0022-0248(76)90044-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Murray, A. Peruzzi and J. P. Abriata: ‘The Al-Zr (Aluminum-. Zirconium) system’, J. Phase Equilibr., 1992, 13, 277–291. doi: 10.1007/BF02667556
   Google Scholar
• R. J. Pomfret and P. Grievson: ‘Kinetics of slag-metal reactions’, Can. Metall. Quart., 1983, 22, 287–299. doi: 10.1179/cmq.1983.22.3.287
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. A. Rhamdhani: ‘Reaction kinetics and dynamic interfacial phonemena in liquid metal — Slag systems’, PhD thesis, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada, 2005, pp. 216.
   Google Scholar
• R. I. L. Guthrie: ‘Engineering in process metallurgy’, 1992, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• W. Jander: ‘Realtionen im festen Zustande bei hoheren Temperaturen (In German)’, Allgem. Anorg. Chem., 1927, 163, 1–30. doi: 10.1002/zaac.19271630102
   Google Scholar
• A. M. Ginstling and B. I. Brounshtein: ‘Concerning the diffusion kinetics of reactions in spherical particles’, J. Appl. Chem., 1950, 23, 1327.
   Google Scholar
• J. G. Paik, M. J. Lee and S. H. Hyun: ‘Reaction kinetics and formation mechanism of magnesium ferrites’, Thermochim. Acta, 2005, 425, 131–136. doi: 10.1016/j.tca.2004.06.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar