A novel approach on production of carbon steels using graphene via powder metallurgy

References

• Azevedo JM, CabreraSerrenho A, Allwood JM. Energy and material efficiency of steel powder metallurgy. Powder Technol. 2018;328:329–336.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samal P, Newkirk J. Powder metallurgy methods and applications. ASM Handb Powder Metall. 2015;7:9–19.
   Google Scholar
• Erden MA, Tasliyan MF, Akgul Y. Effect of TiC, TiN, and TiCN on microstructural, mechanical and tribological Properties of PM steels. Sci Sinter. 2021;53:497–508.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahssi MAM, Erden MA, Acarer M, et al. The effect of nickel on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion properties of niobium–vanadium microalloyed powder metallurgy steels. Materials (Basel). 2020;13:4021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narayanasamy R, Anandakrishnan V, Pandey KS. Effect of carbon content on workability of powder metallurgy steels. Mater Sci Eng A. 2008;494:337–342.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franco E, da Costa CE, Milan JCG, et al. Multi-component boron and niobium coating on M2 high speed steel processed by powder metallurgy. Surf Coat Technol. 2020;384:125306.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan Y, Aksöz S, Ada H, et al. The effect of aging processes on tribo-metallurgy properties of Al based ternary Alloys product by P/M technique. Sci Sinter. 2020;52:445–456.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu M-W, Cai W-Z, Lin Z-J, et al. Liquid phase sintering mechanism and densification behavior of boron-alloyed Fe-Ni-Mo-CB powder metallurgy steel. Mater Des. 2017;133:536–548.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narasimhan KS. Sintering of powder mixtures and the growth of ferrous powder metallurgy. Mater Chem Phys. 2001;67:56–65.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danninger H, Frauendienst G, Streb K-D, et al. Dissolution of different graphite grades during sintering of PM steels. Mater Chem Phys. 2001;67:72–77.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erden MA, Gunduz S, Turkmen M, et al. Microstructural characterization and mechanical properties of microalloyed powder metallurgy steels. Mater Sci Eng A. 2014;616:201–206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erden MA, Gunduz S, Karabulut H, et al. Effect of vanadium addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of low carbon micro-alloyed powder metallurgy steels. Mater Test. 2016;58:433–437.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunduz S, Erden MA, Karabulut H, et al. The effect of vanadium and titanium on mechanical properties of microalloyed PM steel. Powder Metall Met Ceram. 2016;55:277–287.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turkmen M, Karabulut H, Erden MA, et al. Effect of TiN addition on The microstructure and mechanical properties of PM steels. Technol Appl Sci. 2017;12:178–184.
   Google Scholar
• Reich S, Thomsen C. Raman spectroscopy of graphite. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser Math Phys Eng Sci. 2004;362:2271–2288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee H, Lee N, Seo Y, et al. Comparison of frictional forces on graphene and graphite. Nanotechnology. 2009;20:325701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukhopadhyay P, Gupta RK. Graphite, graphene, and their polymer nanocomposites. Boca Raton: CRC press; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Sadoun AM, Najjar IMR, Abd-Elwahed MS, et al. Experimental study on properties of Al–Al2O3 nanocomposite hybridized by graphene nanosheets. J Mater Res Technol. 2020;9:14708–14717.
   Google Scholar
• Erden MA, Akgul Y, Kayabas O, et al. Mechanical properties of graphene-nanoparticle and carbon-nanotube-reinforced PE-matrix nanocomposites. Mater Tehnol. 2019;53:785–789.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu Z, Tong G, Lin D, et al. Graphene-reinforced metal matrix nanocomposites–a review. Mater Sci Technol. 2016;32:930–953.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turan ME, Sun Y, Akgul Y, et al. The effect of GNPs on wear and corrosion behaviors of pure magnesium. J Alloys Compd. 2017;724:14–23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma A, Das T, Paul J. Performance evaluation of Al6061-graphene nanocomposites surface engineered by a novel multiple microchannel reinforcement approach in friction stir processing. Carbon Lett. 2021;31:1–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma A, Sagar S, Mahto RP, et al. Surface modification of Al6061 by graphene impregnation through a powder metallurgy assisted friction surfacing. Surf Coat Technol. 2018;337:12–23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma A, Sharma VM, Jinu P. A comparative study on microstructural evolution and surface properties of graphene/CNT reinforced Al6061- SiC hybrid surface composite fabricated via friction stir processing. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China. 2019;29:2005–2026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mu XN, Zhang HM, Cai HN, et al. Microstructure evolution and superior tensile properties of low content graphene nanoplatelets reinforced pure Ti matrix composites. Mater Sci Eng A. 2017;687:164–174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadoun AM, Fathy A, Abu-Oqail A, et al. Structural, mechanical and tribological properties of Cu–ZrO2/GNPs hybrid nanocomposites. Ceram Int. 2020;46:7586–7594.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abd-Elwahed MS, Meselhy AF. Experimental investigation on the mechanical,: structural and thermal properties of Cu–ZrO2 nanocomposites hybridized by graphene nanoplatelets. Ceram Int. 2020;46:9198–9206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez-Bustamante R, Bolaños-Morales D, Bonilla-Martínez J, et al. Microstructural and hardness behavior of graphene-nanoplatelets/aluminum composites synthesized by mechanical alloying. J Alloys Compd. 2014;615:S578–S582.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen F, Ying J, Wang Y, et al. Effects of graphene content on the microstructure and properties of copper matrix composites. Carbon N Y. 2016;96:836–842.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osarolube E, Owate IO, Oforka NC. Corrosion behaviour of mild and high carbon steels in various acidic media. Sci Res Essay. 2008;3:224–228.
   Google Scholar
• Abu-Oqail A, Wagih A, Fathy A, et al. Effect of high energy ball milling on strengthening of Cu-ZrO2 nanocomposites. Ceram Int. 2019;45:5866–5875.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagih A, Fathy A. Improving compressibility and thermal properties of Al–Al 2 O 3 nanocomposites using Mg particles. J Mater Sci. 2018;53:11393–11402.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Standard A. E8/E8M. Stand Test Methods Tens Test Met Mater. 2011;3:66.
   Google Scholar
• Simsir H, Akgul Y, Erden MA. Hydrothermal carbon effect on iron matrix composites produced by powder metallurgy. Mater Chem Phys. 2020;242:122557.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Standard A. B328–96 (Reapproved 2003). Am Soc Test Mater Phila PA.
   Google Scholar
• Fischmeister HF. Applications of quantitative microscopy in materials engineering. J Microsc. 1972;95:119–143.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gladman T, Woodhead JH. The accuracy of point counting in metallographic investigations. J Iron Steel. 1960;194:184–193.
   Google Scholar
• Akgul Y, Ahlatci H, Turan ME, et al. Mechanical, tribological, and biological properties of carbon fiber/hydroxyapatite reinforced hybrid composites. Polym Compos. 2020;41:2426–2432.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polat S, Sun Y, Çevik E, et al. Investigation of wear and corrosion behavior of graphene nanoplatelet-coated B4C reinforced Al–Si matrix semi-ceramic hybrid composites. J Compos Mater. 2019;53:3549–3565.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turkmen M. Effect of carbon content on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of powder metallurgy steels. Powder Metall Met Ceram. 2016;55:164–171.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calado WR, Barbosa R. Influence of carbon content and deformation temperature on ultra-grain refinement of plain carbon steels by means of torsion test. ISIJ Int. 2013;53:909–914.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shanmugasundaram D, Chandramouli R. Tensile and impact behaviour of sinter-forged Cr, Ni and Mo alloyed powder metallurgy steels. Mater Des. 2009;30:3444–3449.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong-Ángel WD, Téllez-Jurado L, Chávez-Alcalá JF, et al. Effect of copper on the mechanical properties of alloys formed by powder metallurgy. Mater Des. 2014;58:12–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moghadam AD, Omrani E, Menezes PL, et al. Mechanical and tribological properties of self-lubricating metal matrix nanocomposites reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene–a review. Compos Part B Eng. 2015;77:402–420.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao J, Tan M-J, Sridhar I. Spark plasma sintered multi-wall carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composites. Mater Des. 2010;31:S96–S100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gill AS, Kumar S. Surface roughness and microhardness evaluation for EDM with Cu–Mn powder metallurgy tool. Mater Manuf Process. 2016;31:514–521.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neimitz A, Galkiewicz J, Dzioba I. The ductile-to-cleavage transition in ferritic Cr–Mo–V steel: A detailed microscopic and numerical analysis. Eng Fract Mech. 2010;77:2504–2526.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turan ME, Sun Y, Akgul Y. Improved wear properties of magnesium matrix composite with the addition of fullerene using semi powder metallurgy. Fuller Nanotub Carbon Nanostructures. 2018;26:130–136.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barakat WS, Wagih A, Elkady OA, et al. Effect of Al2O3 nanoparticles content and compaction temperature on properties of Al–Al2O3 coated Cu nanocomposites. Compos Part B Eng. 2019;175:107140.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Şenel MC, Gurbuz M, Koç E. Mechanical and tribological behaviours of aluminium matrix composites reinforced by graphene nanoplatelets. Mater Sci Technol. 2018;34:1980–1989.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baradeswaran A, Perumal AE. Study on mechanical and wear properties of Al 7075/Al2O3/graphite hybrid composites. Compos Part B Eng. 2014;56:464–471.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akgul Y, Ahlatci H, Turan ME, et al. Influence of carbon fiber content on bio-tribological performances of high-density polyethylene. Mater Res Express. 2019;6:125307.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turan ME, Sun Y, Aydın F, et al. Influence of multi-wall carbon nanotube content on dry and corrosive wear performances of pure magnesium. J Compos Mater. 2018;52:3127–3135.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turan ME, Sun Y, Akgul Y. Mechanical,: tribological and corrosion properties of fullerene reinforced magnesium matrix composites fabricated by semi powder metallurgy. J Alloys Compd. 2018;740:1149–1158.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar