Slag heterogeneity of autogenous copper concentrates smelting

References

• Usmanov AB. The Udokan project: how sustainable mining can feed clean tech, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/01/sustainable-mining-clean-tech-udokan-usm/.
   Google Scholar
• Catalog of deposits of Kazakhstan. https://info.geology.gov.kz/ru/informatsiya/spravochnik-mestorozhdenij-kazakhstana.
   Google Scholar
• Tsemekhman LS, Paretskiy VM. Modern processing techniques for copper-nickel sulphide concentrates: A review. Tsvetn Met. 2020;1:24–32. doi:10.17580/tsm.2020.01.04.
   Google Scholar
• Skopov GV. Energy criteria for smelting a sulfide concentrate melting method in copper production. Metallurgist. 2017;61(5-6):444–447. doi:10.1007/s11015-017-0515-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolesnikov AS, Kenzhibaeva GS, Botabaev NE, et al. Thermodynamic modeling of chemical and phase transformations in a waelz process-slag – carbon system. Refract Ind Ceram. 2020;61(3):289–292. doi:10.1007/s11148-020-00474-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eroshevich SY, Kalayda EV, Yurev AI. International conference “environmental protection and industrial activities in the north” expands the boundaries. Tsvetn Met. 2013;6:94–96. https://www.rudmet.ru/journal/1200/article/20404/.
   Google Scholar
• Vasilev YV, Zotikov OV, Platonov OI, et al. Achievements and problems of industrial technology of sulphur production from metallurgical sulphurous gases. Tsvetn Met. 2015;1:18–22. https://www.rudmet.ru/journal/1381/article/23749/.
   Google Scholar
• Devia M, Parra R, Queirolo C, et al. Copper smelting and converting: past and present Chilean developments, mineral processing and extractive. Metallurgy. 2019;128(1-2):108–116. doi:10.1080/25726641.2018.1542050.
   Google Scholar
• Selivanov E, Gulyaeva R, Istomin S, et al. Viscosity and thermal properties of slag in the process of autogenous smelting of copper-zinc concentrates. Min Proc Extractive Metall. 2015;124(2):88–95. doi:10.1179/1743285514Y.0000000078.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Djordjevic P, Mitevska N, Mihajlovic I, et al. The effect of copper content in the matte on the distribution coefficients between the slag and the matte for certain elements in the sulphide copper concentrate smelting process. J Min Metall Sect B. 2012;48(1):143–151. doi:10.2298/JMMB111115012D.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsymbulov L, Kongoli F, McBow I, et al. Composition and characteristics of slag from continuous converting of copper matte and concentrate. Min Proc Extractive Metall. 2014;123(1):10–20. doi:10.1179/0371955313Z.00000000073.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Djordjevic P, Mitevska N, Mihajlovic I, et al. Effect of slag basicity on the coefficient of distribution between copper matte and the slag for certain metals. Miner Process Extr Metall Rev. 2014;35(3):202–207. doi:10.1080/08827508.2012.738731.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imris I, Sanchez M, Achurra G. Copper losses to slag from the El teniente process. Min Proc Extractive Metall. 2005;114(3):135–140. doi:10.1179/037195505X49769.
   Google Scholar
• Kenzhaliev BK, Kvyatkovskii SA, Kozhakhmetov SM, et al. Determination of optimum production parameters for depletion of balkhash copper-smelting plant dump slags. Metallurgist. 2019;63(7-8):759–765. doi:10.1007/s11015-019-00886-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolesnikov AS, Naraev VN, Natorhin MI, et al. Review of the processing of minerals and technogenic sulfide raw material with the extraction of metals and recovering elemental sulfur by electrochemical methods. Rasayan Journal of Chemistry. 2020;13(4):2420–2428. doi:10.31788/RJC.2020.1346102.
   Google Scholar
• Davenport W.G., King M., Schlesinger M., et al. Extractive metallurgy of copper. 4th ed. Oxford: Elsevier Science Ltd., 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Carrasco C, Bobadilla J, Duarte G, et al. Evolution of the Teniente converter – Caletones smelter. Cu 2007. The Carlos Diaz Symposium on Pyrometallurgy. 2007;III(2):325–337.
   Google Scholar
• Tuominen J, Anjala Y, Björklund P. Slag cleaning of outokumpu direct-to-blister flash smelting slags. Cu 2007. The Carlos Diaz Symposium on Pyrometallurgy. 2007;III(2):339–350.
   Google Scholar
• Warczok A, Riveros G, Marin T, et al. Intensive electrodynamic slag cleaning. Cu 2007. The Carlos Diaz Symposium on Pyrometallurgy. 2007;III(2):351–365.
   Google Scholar
• Bellemans I, De Wilde E, Moelans N, et al. Metal losses in pyrometallurgical operations – A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2018;255:47–63. doi:10.1016/j.cis.2017.08.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palacios J, Sanchez M. Wastes as resources: update on recovery of valuable metals from copper slags. Min Proc Extractive Metall. 2011;120(4):218–223. doi:10.1179/1743285511Y.0000000020.
   Google Scholar
• Balasanov AV, Verein VG, Tupikov AA, et al. Oxy-oil heater for Vanyukov furnace. Metallurgist. 2013;56(11-12):957–958. doi:10.1007/s11015-013-9682-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oleksiak B, Lipart J, Karbownik A, et al. Effects of a reducer type on copper flash smelting slag decopperisation. Metallurgija. 2015;54(1):116–118. https://hrcak.srce.hr/126709.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kvyatkovskiy SA, Imanbakiev VG, Semenova AS, et al. Influence of magnetite content in slag on copper losses. Complex use of Mineral Resources. 2010;2:31–37. https://kims-imio.kz/portfolio-item/№2-2010/.
   Google Scholar
• Balasanov AV, Verein VG, Tupikov AA, et al. Producing a matte from low-sulfur copper concentrate with the use of coal. Metallurgist. 2010;54(7-8):556–558. doi:10.1007/s11015-010-9338-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kvyatkovskii SA, Sit’ko EA, Sukurov BM, et al. Effect of temperature and amount of flux in a charge on structure and phase composition of balkhash copper smelter plant slags. Metallurgist. 2020;63(9-10):1094–1104. doi:10.1007/s11015-020-00927-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar