The estimation of sex, age, and stature from the distal femoral cortical thickness

References

• Dvorak J. Detecting over-age players using wrist MRI: science partnering with sport to ensure fair play. Br J Sports Med. 2009;43(12):884–885.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hillewig E, De Tobel J, Cuche O, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of the medial extremity of the clavicle in forensic bone age determination: a new four-minute approach. Eur Radiol. 2011;21(4):757–767.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dedouit F, Auril J, Rousseau H, et al. Age assesment by magnetic resonance imaging of the knee: a preliminary study. Forensic Sci. Int. 2012;217(1-3):232. e1–232. e7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Franklin D. Forensic age estimation in human skeletal remains: current concepts and future directions. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2010;12(1):1–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundy JK. Selected aspects of metrical and morphological intracranial skeletal variation in the South African Negro [dissertation]. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (South Africa); 1983.
   Google Scholar
• Muñoz JI, Liñares-Iglesias M, Suárez-Peñaranda JM, et al. Stature estimation from radiographically determined long bone length in a Spanish population sample. J Forensic Sci. 2001;46(2):363–366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarajlic N, Cihlarz Z, Klonowski EE, et al. Stature estimation for Bosnian male population. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2006;6(1):62–67.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Giurazza F, Del Vescovo R, Schena E, et al. Determination of stature from skeletal and skull measurements by CT scan evaluation. Forensic Sci Int. 2012;222(1-3):398e1–398e9.
   Google Scholar
• Mohanty NK. Prediction of height from percutaneous tibial length among Oriya population. Forensic Sci Int. 1998;98(3):137–141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruff CB, Hayes WC. Cross-sectional geometry of Pecos pueblo femora and tibiae-a biomechanical investigation: II. Sex, age, side differences. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1983;60(3):383–400.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barnett E, Nordin BE. The Radiological diagnosis of osteoporosis – a new approach. Clin Radiol. 1960;11(3):166–174.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garn SM. The earlier gain and the later loss of cortical bone, in nutritional perspective. Springfield (IL): Thomas; 1970. (tDAR id: 165699).
   Google Scholar
• Ericksen MF. Aging changes in thickness of the proximal femoral cortex. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1982;59(2):121–130.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van Gerven DP, Armelagos GJ, Bartley MH. Roentgenographic and direct measurement of femoral cortical involution in a prehistoric Mississippian population. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1969;31(1):23–38.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carpenter RD, Sigurdsson S, Zhao S, et al. Effects of age and sex on the strength and cortical thickness of the femoral neck. Bone. 2011;48(4):741–747. 1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Telkkä A. On the population of human stature from the long bones. Acta Anat. 1950;9(1-2):103–117.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hauser R, Smoliński J, Gos T. The estimation of stature on the basis of measurements of the femur. Forensic Sci Int. 2005;147(2-3):185–190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harma A, Karakas HM. Determination of sex from the femur in Anatolian Caucasians: a digital radiological study. J Forensic Leg Med. 2007 May;14(4):190–194.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Purkait R, Chandra H. A study of sexual variation in Indian femur. Forensic Sci Int. 2004;146(1):25–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iscan MY, Miller-Shaivitz P. Sexual dimorphism in the femur and tibia. In: Reichs KJ, editor. Forensic osteology: Advances in the identification of human remains, 2nd ed. Subsequent Ed, Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas Pub Ltd; 1998: 102–111.
   Google Scholar
• Pons J. The Sexual diagnosis of isolated bones of the skeleton. Hum Biol. 1955;27(1):12–21.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mall G, Graw M, Gehring K, et al. Determination of sex from femora. Forensic Sci Int. 2000;113(1-3):315–321.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mall G, Hubig M, Büttner A, et al. Sex determination and estimation of stature from the long bones of the arm. Forensic Sci Int. 2001;117(1-2):23–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rissech C, Schaefer M, Malgosa A. Development of the femur-implications for age and sex determination. Forensic Sci Int. 2008;180(1):1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson M, Green WT, Messner MB. Growth and predictions of growth in the lower extremities. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1963;45A:1–14.
   Google Scholar
• Rauner M, Sipos W, Pietschmann P. Age-dependent Wnt gene expression in bone and during the course of osteoblast differentiation. Age (Dordr). 2008;30(4):273–282.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bousson V, Meunier A, Bergot C, et al. Distribution of intracortical porosity in human midfemoral cortex by age and gender. J Bone Miner Res. 2001;16(7):1308–1317.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stein MS, Feik SA, Thomas CD, et al. An automated analysis of intracortical porosity in human femoral bone across age. J Bone Miner Res. 1999;14(4):624–632.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thomas CDL, Feik SA, Clement JG. Regional variation of intracortical porosity in the midshaft of the human femur: age and sex differences. J Anat. 2005;206(2):115–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duyar I, Pelin C. Body height estimation based on tibia length in different stature groups. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2003;122(1):23–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahakkanukrauh P, Khanpetch P, Prasitwattanseree S, et al. Stature estimation from long bone lengths in Thai population. Forensic Sci Int. 2011;210(1-3):279.e1–279.e7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gocha TP, Vercellotti G, McCormick LE, et al. Formulae for estimating skeletal height in modern South-East Asians. J Forensic Sci. 2013;58(5):1279–1283.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar