Awn anatomy of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its relatives

References

• Abebe , T. , Wise , R.P. and Skadsen , R.W. 2009 . Comparative transcriptional profiling established the awn as the major photosynthetic organ of the barley spike while the lemma and the palea primarily protect the seed . The Plant Genome , 2 ( 3 ) : 247 – 259 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balkan , A. and Gençtan , T. 2009 . The effects of some shotosyntehsis organs on yield components in bread wheat . Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty , 6 ( 2 ) : 137 – 148 .
   Google Scholar
• Blum , A. , Zhang , J. and Nguyen , H.T. 1999 . Consistent differences among wheat cultivars in osmotic adjustment and their relationship to plant production . Field Crop Research , 64 : 287 – 291 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , W.V. 1958 . Leaf anatomy in grass systematics . Botanical Gazette , 119 : 170 – 178 .
   Google Scholar
• Cenci , C.A. , Grando , S. and Ceccarelli , S. 1984 . Culm anatomy in barley (Hordeum vulgare) . Canadian Journal of Botany , 62 ( 10 ) : 2023 – 2027 .
   Google Scholar
• Columbus , J.T. 1999 . Morphology and leaf blade anatomy suggest a close relationship between Bouteloua aristidoides and B. (Chondrosium) eriopoda (Gramineae: Chloridoideae) . Systematic Botany , 23 : 467 – 478 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das , N.R. and Mukherjee , N.N. 1991 . Grain yield contribution by leaf and awn in dwarf wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) after rice (Oryza sativa L.) . Environment and Ecology , 9 : 33 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Elbaum , R. , Zaltzman , L. , Burgert , I. and Fratzl , P. 2007 . The role of wheat awns in the seed dispersal unit . Science , 316 : 884 – 886 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans , L.T. , Bingham , J. , Jackson , P. and Sutherland , J. 1972 . Effect of awns and drought on the supply of photosynthate and its distribution within wheat ears . Annals of Applied Biology , 70 : 67 – 76 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans , L.T. and Rawson , H.M. 1970 . Photosynthesis and respiration by the flag leaf and components of the ear during grain development in wheat . Australian Journal of Agricultural Research , 23 : 245
   Google Scholar
• Grundbacher , F.J. 1963 . The physiological function of the cereal awn . Botanical Review , 29 : 366 – 381 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo , P.C. , Wang , S.J. and Li , J.H. 1985 . Studies on morphological evolution, classification and distribution of the Triticeae in China . Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica , 23 ( 3 ) : 161 – 169 .
   Google Scholar
• Khaliq , I. , Irshad , A. and Ahsan , M. 2008 . Awns and flag leaf contribution towards grain yield in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Cereal Research Communications , 36 ( 1 ) : 65 – 76 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , H.B. , Hu , Y.X. , Bai , D.Z. , Kuang , T.Y. , Zhou , F. and Lin , J.X. 2002 . Comparison of chloroplast ultrastructure and 77 Kfluorescence emission spectra between awns and flag leaves in wheat . Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society , 21 : 97 – 101 .
   Google Scholar
• Li , X.J. , Wang , H.G. , Li , H.B. , Zhang , L.Y. , Teng , N.J. , Lin , Q.Q. , Wang , J. , Kuang , T.Y. , Li , Z.S. , Li , B. , Zhang , A.M. and Lin , J.X. 2006 . Awns play a dominant role in carbohydrate production during the grain-filling stages in wheat (Triticum aestivum) . Physiologia Plantarum , 127 : 701 – 709 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonough , W.T. and Gauch , H.G. 1959 . The contribution of the awns to the development of the kernels of bearded wheat . Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin , 103 : 1 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Motzo , R. and Giunta , F. 2008 . Awnedness affects grain yield and kernel weight in near-isogenic lines of durum wheat . Australian Journal of Agricultural Research , 53 ( 12 ) : 1285 – 1293 .
   Google Scholar
• Ponzi , R. and Pizzolongo , G. 2005 . Cytological and anatomical observations on the awn and lemma of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Ofanto) . Plant Biosystems , 139 ( 3 ) : 345 – 348 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramos , J.C. , Tivano , J.C. and Vegetti , A.C. 2002 . Anatomical studies of reproductive stems of Bromus auleticus Trin. ex Ness (POACEAE) . Gayana Botany , 59 ( 2 ) : 51 – 60 .
   Google Scholar
• Rohlf , F.J. 2000 . NTSYS-pc: Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System New York , , USA Version 2.1
   Google Scholar
• Vervelde , G.J. 1953 . The agricultural value of awns in cereals . Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science , 1 : 2
   Google Scholar
• Wang , Z. , Gu , Y.J. and Gao , Y.Z. 1993 . Structure and photosynthetic characteristics of awns of wheat and barley . J. Integr. Plant Biol. , 35 ( 12 ) : 921 – 928 .
   Google Scholar
• Weyhrich , R.A. , Carver , B.F. and Smith , E.L. 1995 . Effect of awn suppression on grain yield and agronomic traits in hard red winter wheat . Crop Science , 34 : 965 – 969 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu , B.L. , Huang , Z.F. , Zhou , W.J. and Zhang , W.J. 2001 . Evolution study of wheat (Tritium aestivum L.) A, B and D genome based on DNA sequence similarity . Acta Genetica Sinica , 28 ( 7 ) : 635 – 639 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zoebl , A. and Mikosch , C. 1892 . Die Function der Grannen der Gerstenährer . Bot. Centralbl. , 54 : 240
   Google Scholar