14
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Department

Reviews of Research: Retaining Children in Grade

&
Pages 38-43 | Published online: 19 Jul 2012

References

  • Ames , L. 1980 . Retention a step forward . Early Years , 11 : 10 – 11 .
  • Bocks , W. 1977 . Nonpromotion: A year to grow? . Educational Leadership , 34 : 379 – 382 .
  • Bossing , L. and Brien , P. 1980 . A review of the elementary school promotion-retention (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 212 362)
  • Bracey , G. 1986 . Not being promoted from kindergarten is like the death of parent . Phi Delta Kappan , 68 : 245
  • Byrnes , D. 1989 . “ Attitudes of students, parents and educators toward repeating a grade ” . In Flunking grades: Research and policies on retention , Edited by: Shepard , L. and Smith , M. 108 – 131 . New York : The Falmer Press .
  • Byrnes , D. and Yamamoto , K. 1985 . Academic retention of elementary pupils: An inside look . Education , 106 : 208 – 214 .
  • Carstens , A. 1985 . Retention and social promotion for the exceptional child . School Psychology Review , 14 : 48 – 63 .
  • Charlesworth , R. 1989 . “Behind” before they start? Deciding how to deal with the risk of kindergarten “failure.” . Young Children , 44 : 5 – 13 .
  • Coffield , W. and Bloomers , P. 1956 . Effects of nonpromotion on educational achievement in the elementary school . Journal of Educational Psychology , 47 : 235 – 250 .
  • Doyle , R. 1989 . The resistance of conventional wisdom to research evidence: The case of retention in grade . Phi Delta Kappan , 71 : 215 – 220 .
  • Finlayson , H. 1977 . Nonpromotion and self-concept development . Phi Delta Kappan , 59 : 205 – 206 .
  • Goodlad , J. 1954 . Some effects of promotion and nonpromotion upon the social and personal adjustment of children . Journal of Experimental Education , 22 : 301 – 328 .
  • Grissom , J. and Shepard , L. 1989 . “ Repeating and dropping out of school ” . In Flunking grades: Research and policies on retention , Edited by: Shepard , L. and Smith , M. 3463 New York : The Falmer Press .
  • Holloman , S. 1990 . Retention & redshirting: The dark side of kindergarten . Principal , 69 : 13 – 15 .
  • Holmes , C. 1983 . The fourth R: Retention . Journal of Research in Developmental Education , 17 : 1 – 6 .
  • Holmes , C. 1989 . “ Grade level retention effects: A meta-analysis of research studies ” . In Flunking grades: Research and policies on retention , Edited by: Shepard , L. and Smith , M. 16 – 33 . New York : The Falmer Press .
  • Holmes , T. and Matthews , K. 1984 . The effects of non-promotion on elementary and junior high school pupils: A meta-analysis . Review of Educational Research , 54 : 225 – 236 .
  • House , E. 1989 . “ Policy implications of retention research ” . In Flunking grades: Research and policies on retention , Edited by: Shepard , L. and Smith , M. 202 – 213 . New York : The Falmer Press .
  • Jackson , G. 1975 . The research evidence on the effects of grade retention . Review of Educational Research , 45 : 613 – 635 .
  • Koons , C. 1977 . Nonpromotion: A dead-end road . Phi Delta Kappan , 58 : 701 – 702 .
  • Labaree , D. 1984 . Setting the standard: Alternative patterns for student promotion . Harvard Educational Review , 54 : 69 – 87 .
  • Lehr , F. 1982 . Grade repetition vs. social promotion . Reading Teacher , 36 : 234 – 237 .
  • Lindvig , E. 1983 . Grade retention: Evolving expectations and individual differences . The Clearing House , : 253 – 256 .
  • Mantzicopoulos , P. , Morrison , D. , Hinshaw , S. and Carte , E. 1989 . Nonpromotion in kindergarten: The role of cognitive, perceptual, visual-motor, behavioral, achievement, socioeconomic, and demographic characteristics . American Educational Research Journal , 26 : 107 – 121 .
  • Moran , J. 1989 . Professional standards for educators making retention decisions . Education , 109 : 268 – 275 .
  • Nason , R. 1991 . Retaining children: Is it the right decision? . Childhood Education , 67 : 300 – 304 .
  • Natale , J. 1991 . Rethinking grade retention . The Executive Educator , January : 15 – 18 .
  • Niklason , L. 1984 . Nonpromotion: A pseudoscientific solution . Psychology in the Schools , 21 : 485 – 499 .
  • Niklason , L. 1987 . Do certain groups of children profit from a grade retention? . Psychology in the Schools , 24 : 339 – 345 .
  • Owen , S. and Koon , C. 1978 . Should children who lack skills be retained? . Instructor , 87 : 24
  • Pomplun , M. 1988 . Retention: The earlier the better? . Journal of Educational Research , 81 : 281 – 287 .
  • Rose , J. , Medway , F. , Cantrell , V. and Marus , S. 1981 . A fresh look at the retention-promotion controversy . Journal of School Psychology , 21 : 201 – 211 .
  • Safer , D. , Heaton , R. and Allen , R. 1977 . Socioeconomic factors influencing the rate of nonpromotion in elementary schools . Peabody Journal of Education , 54 : 275 – 281 .
  • Scott , B. and Ames , L. 1969 . Improved academic, personal and social adjustment in selected primary school repeaters . Elementary School Journal , 69 : 431 – 438 .
  • Sheehan , R. , Cryan , J. , Wiechel , J. and Bandy , I. 1991 . Factors contributing to success in elementary schools: Research findings for early childhood educators . Journal of Research in Childhood Education , 6 : 66 – 75 .
  • Shepard , L. and Smith , M. 1986 . Synthesis of research on school readiness and kindergarten retention . Educational Leadership , 43 : 78 – 86 .
  • Shepard , L. and Smith , M. 1987 . Effects of kindergarten retention at the end of first grade . Psychology in the Schools , 24 : 346 – 357 .
  • Shepard , L. and Smith , M. 1989 . “ Introduction and overview ” . In Flunking grades: Research and policies on retention , Edited by: Shepard , L. and Smith , M. 1 – 15 . New York : The Falmer Press .
  • Smith , M. 1989 . “ Teachers' beliefs about retention ” . In Flunking grades: Research and policies on retention , Edited by: Shepard , L. and Smith , L. 132 – 150 . New York : The Falmer Press .
  • Smith , M. and Shepard , L. 1987 . What doesn't work: Explaining policies of retention in the early grades . Phi Delta Kappan , 69 : 129 – 134 .
  • Smith , M. and Shepard , L. 1989 . “ Flunking grades: A recapitulation ” . In Flunking grades: Research and policies on retention , Edited by: Shepard , L. and Smith , M. 214 – 236 . New York : The Falmer Press .
  • Stroup , W. and Zirkel , P. 1983 . A legal look at the retention-promotion controversy . Journal of School Psychology , 21 : 213 – 217 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.