The Effect of the Strain Rate on PAH/Soot Formation in Laminar Counterflow Diffusion Flames

REFERENCES

• Beltrame , A. , Porshnev , P. , Merchan-Merchan , W. , Saveliev , A. , Fridman , A. , Kennedy , L.A. , Petrova , O. , Zhdanouk , S. , Amouri , F. , and Charon , O. 2001 . Soot and NO formation in methane-oxygen enriched diffusion flames . Combust. Flame , 124 , 295 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coelho , P.J. , and Peters , N. 2001 . Unsteady modelling of a piloted methane/air jet flame based on the Eulerian particle flamelet model . Combust. Flame , 124 , 444 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Alessio , A. , Barone , A.C. , Cau , R. , and D'Anna , A. 2005 . Surface deposition and coagulation efficiency of combustion generated nanoparticles in the size range from 1 to 10 nm . Proc. Combust. Inst. , 30 , 2595 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Anna , A. , and Kent , J.H. 2006 . Modeling of particulate carbon and species formation in coflowing diffusion flames of ethylene . Combust. Flame , 144 , 249 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Anna , A. , Kent , J.H. , and Santoro , R.J. 2007 . Investigation of species concentration and soot formation in a co-flowing diffusion flame of ethylene . Combust. Sci. Tech. , 179 , 355 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dec , J.E. 1997 . A conceptual model of Di diesel combustion based on laser-sheet imaging . SAE Paper 970873 .
   Google Scholar
• Decroix , M.E. , and Roberts , W.L. 2000 . Transient flow field effects on soot volume fraction in diffusion flames . Combust. Sci. Technol. , 160 , 165 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ergut , A. , Granata , S. , Jordan , J. , Carlson , J. , Howard , J.B. , Richter , H. , Levendisa , Y.A. 2006 . PAH formation in one-dimensional premixed fuel-rich atmospheric pressure ethylbenzene and ethyl alcohol flames . Combust. Flame , 144 , 757 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evlampiev , A.V. 2006 . Numerical combustion modeling for complex reaction systems. Dissertation thesis, TU Eindhoven, The Netherlands .
   Google Scholar
• Grosschmidt , D. , Habisreuther , P. , and Bockhorn , H. 2007 . Calculation of the size distribution function of soot particles in turbulent diffusion flames . Proc. Comb. Inst. , 31 , 657 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris , S.J. , Weiner , A.M. , and Blint , R.J. 1988 . Formation of small aromatic molecules in a sooting ethylene flame . Combust. Flame , 72 , 91 – 109 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasse , C. , and Peters , N. 2005 . A two mixture fraction flamelet model applied to split injections in a DI diesel engine . Proc. Combust. Inst. , 30 , 2755 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirschfelder , J.O. , Curtiss , C.F. , and Bird , R.B. 1954 . Molecular theory of Gases and Liquids , Wiley , New York .
   Google Scholar
• Hounslow , M.J. 1990. Nucleation, growth, and aggregation rates from steady-state experimental data. AIChE J. , 36(11), 1748.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang , J.Y. , and Chung , S.H. 2001 . Growth of soot particles in counterflow diffusion flames of ethylene . Combust. Flame , 125 , 752 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kent , J.H. , and Bastin , S.J. 1984 . Parametric effects on sooting in turbulent acetylene diffusion flames . Combust. Flame , 56 , 29 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lafleur , A.L. , Taghizadeh , K. , Howard , J.B. , Anacleto , J.F. , and Quilliam , M.A. 1996 . Characterization of flame-generated C10 to C160 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry with liquid introduction via heated nebulizer interface . J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom , 7 , 276 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landgrebe , J.D. , and Pratsinis , S.E. 1990 . A discrete-sectional model for particulate production by gas-phase chemical reaction and aerosol coagulation in the free-molecular regime . J. Colloid Interface Science , 139 , 63 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKinnon , J.T. , and Howard , J.B. 1992 . The roles of pah and acetylene in soot nucleation and growth . Proc. Combust. Inst. , 24 , 965 .
   Google Scholar
• Michel , J.B. , Colin , O. , and Veynante , D. 2008 . Modeling ignition and chemical structure of partially premixed turbulent flames using tabulated chemistry . Combust. Flame , 152 , 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moshammer , H. , and Neuberger , M. 2003 . The active surface of suspended particles as a predictor of lung function and pulmonary symptoms in Austrian school children . Atmospheric Environment , 37 , 1737 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pope , C.J. , and Howard , J.B. 1997 . Simulationeous particle and molecule modeling (SPAMM): An approach for combining sectional aerosol equations and elementary gas-phase reactions . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 27 , 73 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qamar , N.H. , Nathan , G.J. , Alwahabi , Z.T. , and King , K.D. 2005 . The effect of global mixing on soot volume fraction: measurements in simple jet, precessing jet, and bluff body flames . Proc. Comb. Inst. , 30 , 1493 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richter , H. , Granata , S. , Green , W.H. , and Howard , J.B. 2005 . Detailed modeling of PAH and soot formation in a laminar premixed benzene/oxygen/argon low-pressure flame . Proc. Combust. Inst. , 30 , 1397 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richter , H. , and Howard , J.B. 2000 . Formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their growth to soot—a review of chemical reaction pathways . Progress in Energy and Combustion Science , 26 , 565 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smooke , M.D. , Hall , R.J. , Colket , M.B. , Fielding , J. , Long , M.B. , McEnally , C.S. , and Pfefferle , L.D. 2004 . Investigation of the transition from lightly sooting towards heavily sooting co-flow ethylene diffusion flames . Combust. Theory Modelling , 8 , 593 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smooke , M.D. , McEnally , C.S. , Pfefferle , L.D. , Hall , R.J. , and Colket , M.B. 1999 . Computational and experimental study of soot formation in a coflow, laminar diffusion flame . Combust. Flame , 117 , 117 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandsburger , U. , Kennedy , I.M. , and Glassman , I. 1984 . Sooting counter-flow diffusion flames with varying velocity gradients . Proc. Combust. Inst. , 20 , 1105 .
   Google Scholar
• Wang , H. , Du , D.X. , Sung , C.J. , and Law , C.K. 1996 . Experiments and numerical simulation on soot formation in opposed-jet ethylene diffusion flames . Proc. Combust. Inst. , 26 , 2359 .
   Google Scholar
• Wang , H. , and Frenklach , M. 1997 . A detailed kinetic modeling study of aromatics formation in laminar premixed acetylene and ethylene flames . Combust. Flame , 110 , 173 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar