REFERENCES
- Al-Abdeli , Y.M. , and Masri , A.R. 2003 . Stability characteristics and flow fields of turbulent non-premixed swirling flames . Combust. Theor. Model. , 7 , 731 – 766 .
- Bilger , R.W. , Antonia , R.A. , and Sreenivasan , K.R. 1976 . Determination of intermittency from the probability density function of a passive scalar . Phys. Fluids , 19 , 1471 – 1474 .
- Boudier , G.L. , Gicquel , Y.M. , and Poinsot , T.J. 2008. Effects of mesh resolution on large eddy simulations of reacting flows in complex geometries. Combust. Flame , 155, 196–214.
- Bowman , C.T. , Hanson , R.K. , Davidson , D.F. , Gardiner , Jr. , Lissianski , V. , Smith , G.P. , Golden , D.M. , Frenklach , M. , and Goldenberg , M. 2006 . GRI MECH 2.11. http://www.me.berkeley.edu/gri_mech, accessed May 11, 2007.
- Byggstoyl , S. , and Kollmann , W. 1981 . Closure model for intermittent turbulent flows . Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer , 24 , 1811 – 1818 .
- Chevray , R. , and Tutu , N.K. 1978 . Intermittency and preferential tranpsort of heat in a round jet . J. Fluid Mech. , 88 , 133 – 145 .
- Cho , J.R. , and Chung , M.K. 1992 . A k-epsilon-gamma equation turbulence model . J. Fluid Mech. , 237 , 301 – 322 .
- Corrsin , S. , and Kistler , A.L. 1955 . Free stream boundaries of turbulent flows. NACA Report, 1244.
- Da Silva , C.B. 2009 . The behaviour of the subgrid models near the turbulent/nonturbulent interface in jets . Phys. Fluids , 21 , 081702 .
- Dewan , A. , Arakeri , J.H. , and Srinivasan , J. 1997 . A new turbulence model for the axisymmetric plane . J. Appl. Math. Model. , 21 , 709 – 719 .
- DiMare , F. , Jones , W. , and Menzies , K. 2004 . Large eddy simulation of a model gas turbine combustor . Combust. Flame , 137 , 278 – 294 .
- Dopazo , C. 1977 . On conditioned averages for intermittent turbulent flows . J. Fluid Mech. , 81 , 433 – 445 .
- Escudier , M.P. , and Keller , J.J. 1985 . Recirculation in swirling flows: A manifestation of vortex breakdown . AIAA J. , 23 , 111 – 116 .
- Garcia-Villalba , M. , Frolich , J. , and Rodi , W. 2006 . Identification and analysis of coherent structures in the near field of a turbulent unconfined annular swirling jet using large eddy simulation . Phys. Fluids , 18 , 055103 .
- Gibbson , J.D. , and Doering , C.R. 2003 . Intermittency in solutions of the three dimensional Navier–Stokes equations . J. Fluid Mech. , 478 , 227 – 235 .
- Grinstein , F.F. , and Fureby , C. 2005 . LES studies of the flow in a swirl gas combustor . Proc. Combust. Inst. , 30 , 1791 – 1798 .
- Gupta , A.K. , Lilly , D.G. , and Syred , N. 1984 . Swirl Flows , Abacus , Kent , UK .
- Huang , Y. , Sung , H.G. , Hsieh , S.Y. , and Yang , V. 2003 . Large eddy simulation of combustion dynamics of lean premixed swirl stabilized combustor . J. Propul. Power , 19 , 782 – 794 .
- Huang , Y ., and Yang , V. 2004 . Bifurcation of flame structures in a lean-premixed swirl-stabilized combustor: Transition from stable to unstable flame . Combust. Flame , 136 , 383 – 389 .
- Huang , Y. , and Yang , V. 2009 . Dynamics and stability of lean-premixed swirl-stabilized combustion . Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. , 35 , 293 – 364 .
- Jimenez , J. 2000 . Intermittency and cascades . J. Fluid Mech. , 409 , 99 – 120 .
- Kalita , K. , Dewan , A. , and Dass , A.K. 2000 . Computation of the turbulent plane plume using the model . J. Appl. Math. Model. , 24 , 815 – 826 .
- Kalt , P.A.M. , Al-Abdeli , Y.M. , Masri , A.R. , and Barlow , R.S. 2002 . Swirling turbulent non-premixed flames of methane: Flowfield and compositional structure . Proc. Combust. Inst. , 29 , 1913 – 1919 .
- Kerstein , A.R. 2002 . Turbulence in combustion process: Modeling and challenges . Proc. Combust. Inst. , 29 , 1763 – 1773 .
- Kim , W.W. , and Syed , S. 2004 . Large eddy simulation needs for gas turbine combustor design. Presented at the AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Reno, NV, paper no. 2004-0331.
- Kirkpatrick , M.P. , Armfield , S.W. , and Kent , J.H. 2003. A representation of curved boundaries for the solution of the Navier–Stokes equations on a staggered three dimensional Cartesian grid. J. Comput. Phys. , 184, 1–36.
- Klebanoff , P.S. 1955 . Characteristics of turbulence in boundary layer with zero pressure gradient. NACA Report 1247, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, Washington, DC .
- Kollamann , W. , and Janicka , J. 1982 . The probability function of a passive scalar in turbulent shear flows . Phys. Fluids , 25 , 1755 – 1769 .
- Li , Y. , and Meneveau , C. 2006 . Intermittency trends and Lagrangian evolution of non-Gaussian statistics in turbulent flow and scalar transport . J. Fluid Mech. , 558 , 133 – 142 .
- Leonard , B.P. 1987 . Sharp simulation of discontinuities in highly convective steady flow. NASA Technical Memorandum 100240 .
- Libby , P.A. 1975 . On the prediction of intermittent turbulent flows . J. Fluid Mech. , 68 , 273 – 279 .
- Lucca-Negro , O. , and O'Doherty , T. 2001 . Vortex breakdown: A review . Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. , 27 , 431 – 481 .
- Lu , X.Y. , Wang , S.W. , Song , H.G. , Hsieh , S.Y. , and Yang , Y. 2005 . Large eddy simulations of turbulent swirling flows injected into a dump chamber . J. Fluid Mech. , 527 , 171 – 195 .
- Mahesh , K. , Constantinescu , G. , Iaccarino , G. , Apte , S. , Ham , F. , and Moin , P. 2006 . Large eddy simulation of reacting turbulent flows in complex geometries . ASME J. Appl. Mech. , 73 , 374 – 381 .
- Malalasekera , W. , Ranga Dinesh , K.K.J. , Ibrahim , S.S. , and Kirkpatrick , M.P. 2007 . Large eddy simulation of isothermal turbulent swirling jets . Combust. Sci. Techol. , 179 , 1481 – 1525 .
- Malalasekera , W. , Ranga Dinesh , K.K.J. , Ibrahim , S.S. , and Masri , A.R. 2008 . LES of recirculation and vortex breakdown in swirling flames . Combust. Sci. Technol. , 180 , 809 – 832 .
- Masri , A.R. , Kalt , P.A.M. , and Barlow , R.S. 2004 . The compositional structure of swirl stabilized turbulent non-premixed flames . Combust. Flame , 137 , 1 – 37 .
- Nakamura , I. , Sakai , Y. , and Tsunoda , H. 1989 . On conditional statistics of the diffusion field of matter by a point source plume in uniform mean shear flow . JSME Int. J. , 32 , 180 – 190 .
- Pedersen , J.M. , Westerweel , J. , Fukushima , C. , and Hunt , J.C.R. 2005 . Mechanics of the turbulent/nonturbulent interface of a jet . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 95 , 174501 .
- Pedersen , J.M. , Westerweel , J. , Fukushima , C. , and Hunt , J.C.R. 2009 . Momentum and scalar transport at the turbulent/nonturbulent interface of a jet . J. Fluid Mech. , 631 , 199 – 230 .
- Pierce , C.D. , and Moin , P. 2004 . Progress-variable approach for large eddy simulation of non-premixed turbulent combustion . J. Fluid Mech. , 504 , 73 – 97 .
- Piomelli , U. , and Liu , J. 1995 . Large eddy simulation of rotating channel flows using a localized dynamic model . Phys. Fluids , 7 , 839 – 848 .
- Pitsch , H. 1998 . A C++ computer program for 0-d and 1-d laminar flame calculations. Technical report, Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen.
- Pope , S.B. 1984 . Calculation of plane turbulent jet . AIAA J. , 22 , 896 – 904 .
- Ranga Dinesh , K.K.J. 2007 . Large eddy simulation of turbulent swirling flames. PhD thesis, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
- Ranga Dinesh , K.K.J. , Jenkins , K.W. , Kirkpatrick , M.P. , and Malalasekera , W. 2009 . Identification and analysis of instability in non-premixed swirling flames using LES . Combust. Theor. Model. , 13 , 947 – 971 .
- Ranga Dinesh , K.K.J. , Jenkins , K.W. , Kirkpatrick , M.P. , and Malalasekera , W. 2010 . Modelling of instabilities in swirling flames . J. Fuel , 89 , 10 – 18 .
- Schefer , R.W. , and Dibble , R.W. 2001 . Mixture fraction field in a turbulent non-reacting propane jet . AIAA J. , 39 , 64 – 72 .
- Selle , L. , Lartigue , G. , Poinsot , T. , Koch , R. , Schildmacher , K. U. , Krebs , W. , Prade , B. , Kaufmann , P. , and Veynante , D. 2004. Compressible large eddy simulation of turbulent combustion in complex geometry on unstructured meshes. Combust. Flame , 137, 489–505.
- Smagorinsky , J. 1963 . General circulation experiments with the primitive equations, the basic experiment . Monthly Weather Review , 91 , 99 – 164 .
- Sreenivasan , K.R. 1985 . On the fine scale intermittency of turbulence . J. Fluid Mech. , 151 , 81 – 103 .
- Syred , N. 2006 . A review of instability and oscillation mechanisms in swirl combustion systems . Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. , 32 , 93 – 161 .
- Syred , N. , and Beer , J.M. 1974 . Combustion in swirling flows: A review . Combust. Flame , 23 , 143 – 201 .
- Sulem , P.L. , Frisch , U. , and Nelkin , M. 1978 . A simple dynamical model of intermittent fully developed turbulence . J. Fluid Mech. , 87 , 719 – 736 .
- Townsend , A.A. 1948 . Local isotropy in the turbulent wake of cylinder . Aust. J. Sci. Res. , 1 , 161 – 168 .
- Wang , S.W. , Yang , Y. , Hsiao , C.C. , Hsieh , S.Y. , and Mongia , H. 2007 . Large-eddy simulations of gas-turbine swirl injector flow dynamics . J. Fluid Mech. , 583 , 99 – 122 .
- Wygnanski , I. , and Fiedler , H.E. 1969 . Some measurements in the self-preserving jet . J. Fluid Mech. , 38 , 577 – 612 .