Role of H₂/CO Addition to Flame Instabilities and Their Control in a Stepped Microcombustor

References

• Akram, M., V. R. Kishore, and S. Kumar. 2012. Laminar burning velocity of propane/CO2/N2–air mixtures at elevated temperatures. Energy and Fuels 26 (9):5509–18. doi:https://doi.org/10.1021/ef301000k.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aravind, B., B. Khandelwal, and S. Kumar. 2018a. Experimental investigations on a new high intensity dual microcombustor based thermoelectric micropower generator. Appl. Energy 228:1173–81. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.07.022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aravind, B., B. Khandelwal, P. A. Ramakrishna, and S. Kumar. 2020. Towards the development of a high power density, high efficiency, micro power generator. Appl. Energy 261:114386. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114386.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aravind, B., G. K. Raghuram, V. R. Kishore, and S. Kumar. 2018b. Compact design of planar stepped micro combustor for portable thermoelectric power generation. Energy Convers. Manage. 156:224–34. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.11.021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aravind, B., D. K. Saini, and S. Kumar. 2019. Experimental investigations on the role of various heat sinks in developing an efficient combustion based micro power generator. Appl. Therm. Eng. 148:22–32. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.11.016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bianco, F., S. Chibbaro, and G. Legros. 2015. Low-dimensional modeling of flame dynamics in heated microchannels. Chem. Eng. Sci. 122:533–44. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2014.09.048.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brambilla, A., M. Schultze, C. E. Frouzakis, J. Mantzaras, R. Bombach, and K. Boulouchos. 2015. An experimental and numerical investigation of premixed syngas combustion dynamics in mesoscale channels with controlled wall temperature profiles. Proc. Combust. Inst. 35 (3):3429–37. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2014.06.131.
   Google Scholar
• Bucci, M. A., J.-C. Robinet, and S. Chibbaro. 2016. Global stability analysis of 3D micro-combustion model. Combust. Flame 167:132–48. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.02.018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheung, W., and J. Tilston. 2001. Testing of a novel propulsion system for micro air vehicles. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part G 215 (4):207–18. doi:https://doi.org/10.1243/0954410011533194.
   Google Scholar
• Cozzi, F., and A. Coghe. 2006. Behavior of hydrogen-enriched non-premixed swirled natural gas flames. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 31 (6):669–77. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.05.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deshpande, A. A., and S. Kumar. 2013. On the formation of spinning flames and combustion completeness for premixed fuel-air mixtures in stepped tube microcombustors. Appl. Therm. Eng. 51:91–101. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.09.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DuttaRoy, R., S. R. Chakravarthy, and A. K. Sen. 2018. Experimental investigation of flame propagation and stabilization in a meso-combustor with sudden expansion. Exper. Therm. Fluid Sci. 90:299–309. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2017.09.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, A., K. Maruta, H. Nakamura, S. Kumar, and W. Liu. 2010. Experimental investigation on flame pattern formations of DME-air mixtures in a radial microchannel. Combust. Flame 157:1637–42. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.05.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, A., S. Minaev, S. Kumar, W. Liu, and K. Maruta. 2007. Experimental study on flame pattern formation and combustion completeness in a radial microchannel. J. Micromech. Microeng. 17:2398–406. doi:https://doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/17/12/002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, A., S. Minaev, S. Kumar, W. Liu, and K. Maruta. 2008. Regime diagrams and characteristics of flame patterns in radial microchannels with temperature gradients. Combust. Flame 153:479–89. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2007.10.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, A., S. Minaev, E. Sereshchenko, R. Fursenko, S. Kumar, W. Liu, and K. Maruta. 2009a. Experimental and numerical investigations of flame pattern formations in a radial microchannel. Proc. Combust. Inst. 32 II:3059–66. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2008.06.092.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, Y., Y. Suzuki, and N. Kasagi. 2009b. Experimental study of micro-scale premixed flame in quartz channels. Proc. Combust. Inst. 32 II:3083–90. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2008.06.219.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez-Pello, A. C. 2002. Micropower generation using combustion: Issues and approaches. Proc. Combust. Inst. 29 (1):883–99. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80113-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frankel, M. L., and G. I. Sivashinsky. 1995. Fingering instability in nonadiabatic low-Lewis-number flames. Phys. Rev. E 52 (6):6154. doi:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.52.6154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorman, M., M. El-Hamdi, B. Pearson, and K. Robbins. 1996. Ratcheting motion of concentric rings in cellular flames. Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 (2):228. doi:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, Y., J. Tan, L. Lv, and X. Li. 2019. Investigations on quantitative measurement of heat release rate using chemiluminescence in premixed methane-air flames. Acta Astronaut. 164:277–86. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.07.019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson, G. S., R. Sai, J. M. Plaia, C. M. Boggs, and K. T. Kiger. 2003. Influence of H2 on the response of lean premixed CH4 flames to high strained flows. Combust. Flame 132 (3):503–11. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-2180(02)00496-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jithin, E., V. R. Kishore, and R. J. Varghese. 2014. Three-dimensional simulations of steady perforated-plate stabilized propane–air premixed flames. Energy and Fuels 28 (8):5415–25. doi:https://doi.org/10.1021/ef401903y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ju, Y., and K. Maruta. 2011. Microscale combustion: Technology development and fundamental research. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 37:669–715. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2011.03.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ju, Y., and B. Xu. 2006. Effects of channel width and Lewis number on the multiple flame regimes and propagation limits in mesoscale. Combust. Sci. Technol. 178 (10–11):1723–53. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00102200600788643.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang, X., R. Gollan, P. Jacobs, and A. Veeraragavan. 2016. Suppression of instabilities in a premixed methane–air flame in a narrow channel via hydrogen/carbon monoxide addition. Combust. Flame 173:266–75. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.07.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang, X., R. J. Gollan, P. A. Jacobs, and A. Veeraragavan. 2017. On the influence of modelling choices on combustion in narrow channels. Comput. Fluids 144:117–36. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2016.11.017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khandelwal, B., A. A. Deshpande, and S. Kumar. 2013. Experimental studies on flame stabilization in a three step rearward facing configuration based micro channel combustor. Appl. Therm. Eng. 58:363–68. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.04.058.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khandelwal, B., G. P. S. Sahota, and S. Kumar. 2010. Investigations into the flame stability limits in a backward step micro scale combustor with premixed methane–air mixtures. J. Micromech. Microeng. 20:095030. doi:https://doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/20/9/095030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, S., K. Maruta, and S. Minaev. 2007a. On the formation of multiple rotating Pelton-like flame structures in radial microchannels with lean methane - Air mixtures. Proc. Combust. Inst. 31 II:3261–68. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, S., K. Maruta, and S. Minaev. 2007b. Pattern formation of flames in radial microchannels with lean methane-air mixtures. Phys. Rev. E- Stat. Nonlinear Soft Matter Phys. 75:1–10. doi:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.75.016208.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, S., K. Maruta, S. Minaev, and R. Fursenko. 2008. Appearance of target pattern and spiral flames in radial microchannels with CH4-air mixtures. Physi. Fluid 20 (2):024101. doi:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2836670.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurdyumov, V., E. Fernandez-Tarrazo, J.-M. Truffaut, J. Quinard, A. Wangher, and G. Searby. 2007. Experimental and numerical study of premixed flame flashback. Proc. Combust. Inst. 31 (1):1275–82. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.100.
   Google Scholar
• Kurdyumov, V. N. 2011. Lewis number effect on the propagation of premixed flames in narrow adiabatic channels: Symmetric and non-symmetric flames and their linear stability analysis. Combust. Flame 158 (7):1307–17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.11.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurdyumov, V. N., and C. Jiménez. 2014. Propagation of symmetric and non-symmetric premixed flames in narrow channels: Influence of conductive heat-losses. Combust. Flame 161 (4):927–36. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.10.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurdyumov, V. N., G. Pizza, C. E. Frouzakis, and J. Mantzaras. 2009. Dynamics of premixed flames in a narrow channel with a step-wise wall temperature. Combust. Flame 156 (11):2190–200. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.08.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, K. H., and O. C. Kwon. 2008. Studies on a heat-recirculating microemitter for a micro thermophotovoltaic system. Combust. Flame 153 (1–2):161–72. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.01.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malushte, M., and S. Kumar. 2019. Flame dynamics in a stepped micro-combustor for non-adiabatic wall conditions. Therm. Sci. Eng. Prog. 13:100394. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2019.100394.
   Google Scholar
• Maruta, K., T. Kataoka, N. I. Kim, S. Minaev, and R. Fursenko 2005. Characteristics of combustion in a narrow channel with a temperature gradient. Proc. Combust. Ins. 30:2429–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maruta, K., J. K. Parc, K. C. Oh, T. Fujimori, S. S. Minaev, and R. V. Fursenko. 2004. Characteristics of microscale combustion in a narrow heated channel. Combus. Explosion Shock Waves 40:516–23. doi:https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CESW.0000041403.16095.a8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazurok, D. B., R. V. Fursenko, S. S. Minaev, N. A. Lutsenko, and S. Kumar. 2014. Regimes of combustion of a premixed mixture of gases in a heated microchannel with the wall temperature smoothly increasing in the downstream direction. Combus. Explosion Shock Waves 50:25–31. doi:https://doi.org/10.1134/S0010508214010031.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minaev, S., K. Maruta, and R. Fursenko. 2007. Nonlinear dynamics of flame in a narrow channel with a temperature gradient. Combust. Theory Modell. 11 (2):187–203. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13647830600649364.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minaev, S. S., E. V. Sereshchenko, R. V. Fursenko, A. Fan, and K. Maruta. 2009. Splitting flames in a narrow channel with a temperature gradient in the walls. Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 45:119–25. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10573-009-0016-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nair, A., V. R. Kishore, and S. Kumar. 2015. Dynamics of Premixed Hydrogen-Air Flames in Microchannels with a Wall Temperature Gradient. Combust. Sci. Technol. 187:1620–37. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00102202.2015.1059326.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamura, H., A. Fan, S. Minaev, E. Sereshchenko, R. Fursenko, Y. Tsuboi, and K. Maruta. 2012. Bifurcations and negative propagation speeds of methane/air premixed flames with repetitive extinction and ignition in a heated microchannel. Combust. Flame 159:1631–43. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.11.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norton, D. G., and D. G. Vlachos. 2003. Combustion characteristics and flame stability at the microscale: A CFD study of premixed methane/air mixtures. Chem. Eng. Sci. 58:4871–82. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2002.12.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panfilov, V., A. Bayliss, and B. J. Matkowsky. 2003. Spiral flames. Appl Math Lett 16 (2):131–35. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0893-9659(03)80021-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearlman, H. 1997. Excitability in high-Lewis number premixed gas combustion. Combus. Flame 109 (3):382–98. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-2180(96)00192-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearlman, H. G., and P. D. Ronney. 1994. Near‐limit behavior of high‐Lewis number premixed flames in tubes at normal and low gravity. Physi. Fluid 6 (12):4009–18. doi:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.868390.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pizza, G., C. E. Frouzakis, J. Mantzaras, A. G. Tomboulides, and K. Boulouchos. 2008. Dynamics of premixed hydrogen/air flames in mesoscale channels. Combust. Flame 155:2–20. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.08.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pizza, G., C. E. Frouzakis, J. Mantzaras, A. G. Tomboulides, and K. Boulouchos. 2010. Three-dimensional simulations of premixed hydrogen/air flames in microtubes. J. Fluid Mech. 658:463–91. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112010001837.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richecoeur, F., and D. C. Kyritsis. 2005. Experimental study of flame stabilization in low Reynolds and Dean number flows in curved mesoscale ducts. Proc. Combust. Inst. 30 (2):2419–27. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2004.08.015.
   Google Scholar
• Ronney, P. D. 2003. Analysis of non-adiabatic heat-recirculating combustors. Combust. Flame 135:421–39. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2003.07.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahota, G. P. S., B. Khandelwal, and S. Kumar. 2011. Experimental investigations on a new active swirl based microcombustor for an integrated micro-reformer system. Energy Convers. Manage. 52:3206–13. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2011.05.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sivashinsky, G. I. 1983. Instabilities, pattern formation, and turbulence in flames. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 15 (1):179–99. doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.15.010183.001143.
   Google Scholar
• Spadaccini, C. M., X. Zhang, C. P. Cadou, N. Miki, and I. A. Waitz. 2003. Preliminary development of a hydrocarbon-fueled catalytic micro-combustor. Sens. Actuators A 103 (1–2):219–24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-4247(02)00335-7.
   Google Scholar
• Taywade, U. W., A. A. Deshpande, and S. Kumar. 2013. Thermal performance of a micro combustor with heat recirculation. Fuel Process. Technol. 109:179–88. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2012.11.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varghese, R. J., H. Kolekar, V. Hariharan, and S. Kumar. 2018. Effect of CO content on laminar burning velocities of syngas-air premixed flames at elevated temperatures. Fuel 214:144–53. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.10.131.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varghese, R. J., H. Kolekar, V. R. Kishore, and S. Kumar. 2019. Measurement of laminar burning velocities of methane-air mixtures simultaneously at elevated pressures and elevated temperatures. Fuel 257:116120. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veeraragavan, A. 2015. On flame propagation in narrow channels with enhanced wall thermal conduction. Energy 93:631–40. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.09.085.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, F. A. 2018. Combustion theory. CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Xupeng, C., L. Yong, Z. Zhaoying, and F. Ruili. 2003. A homogeneously catalyzed micro-chemical thruster. Sens. Actuators A 108 (1–3):149–54. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-4247(03)00376-5.
   Google Scholar
• Yadav, S., P. Sharma, P. Yamasani, S. Minaev, and S. Kumar. 2014. A prototype micro-thermoelectric power generator for micro-electromechanical systems. Appl. Phys. Lett. 104:123903. doi:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4870260.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yetter, R. A., V. Yang, M. H. Wu, Y. Wang, D. Milius, I. A. Aksay, and F. L. Dryer. 2007. Combustion issues and approaches for chemical microthrusters. Int. J. Energetic Mater. Chem. Propul. 6:4. doi:https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJEnergeticMaterialsChemProp.v6.i4.10.
   Google Scholar
• Zarvandi, J., S. Tabejamaat, and M. Baigmohammadi. 2012. Numerical study of the effects of heat transfer methods on CH4/(CH4+ H2)-air premixed flames in a micro-stepped tube. Energy 44 (1):396–409. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012.06.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zik, O., Z. Olami, and E. Moses. 1998. Fingering instability in combustion. Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (18):3868. doi:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.3868.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar