Kinetics of Low-Temperature Plasma-Assisted Ignition of Ethanol-Gasoline Surrogate under Gasoline Engine like Conditions

References

• Aleksandrov, N. L., S. V. Kindysheva, I. N. Kosarev, S. M. Starikovskaia, and A. Y. Starikovskii. 2009a. Mechanism of ignition by non-equilibrium plasma. Proc. Combust. Inst 32:205–12. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2008.06.124.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aleksandrov, N. L., S. V. Kindysheva, E. N. Kukaev, S. M. Starikovskaya, and A. Y. Starikovskii. 2009b. Simulation of the ignition of a methane-air mixture by a high-voltage nanosecond discharge. Plasma Phys. Rep. 35 (10):867–82. doi:10.1134/S1063780X09100109.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asakawa, D., N. Saito, and E. Takahashi. 2020. Mass spectrometric characterization of the partial oxidation process of a gasoline surrogate induced by a dielectric barrier discharge. J. Phys. Chem. A 124:2019–28. doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11806.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azarmanesh, S., and M. Z. Targhi. 2021. Comparison of laser ignition and spark plug by thermodynamic simulation of multi-zone combustion for lean methane-air mixtures in the internal combustion engine. Energy 216:119309. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2020.119309.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bak, M. S., H. Do, M. G. Mungal, and M. A. Cappelli. 2012. Plasma-assisted stabilization of laminar premixed methane/air flames around the lean flammability limit. Combust. Flame. 159 (10):3128–37. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2012.03.023.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bao, A., Y. G. Utkin, S. Keshav, G. Lou, and I. V. Adamovich. 2007. Ignition of ethylene–air and methane–air flows by low-temperature repetitively pulsed nanosecond discharge plasma. IEEE. T. Plasma Sci 35:1628–38. doi:10.1109/TPS.2007.910143.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bekefi, G., and A. H. Reed. 1977. Principles of laser plasmas.J. Electrochem. Soc. 124 (12):435C. doi:10.1149/1.2133218.
   Google Scholar
• Benajes, J., R. Novella, J. Gomez-Soriano, P. J. Martinez-Hernandiz, C. Libert, and M. Dabiri. 2019. Evaluation of the passive pre-chamber ignition concept for future high compression ratio turbocharged spark-ignition engines. Appl. Energy. 248:576–88. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.04.131.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breden, D., and L. Raja. 2012. Simulations of nanosecond pulsed plasmas in supersonic flows for combustion applications. AIAA J. 50 (3):647–58. doi:10.2514/1.J051238.
   Google Scholar
• Breden, D., L. L. Raja, C. A. Idicheria, P. M. Najt, and S. Mahadevan. 2013. A numerical study of high-pressure non-equilibrium streamers for combustion ignition application. J. Appl. Phys. 114:083302. doi:10.1063/1.4818319.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burcat, A., and B. Ruscic 2005. Third Millennium Ideal Gas and Condensed Phase Thermochemical Database for Combustion with updates from Active Thermochemical Tables [Online]. http://burcat.technion.ac.il/dir:TAE960 Accessed 2005 10 5.
   Google Scholar
• Cathey, C. D., T. Tang, T. Shiraishi, T. Urushihara, A. Kuthi, and M. A. Gundersen. 2007. Nanosecond plasma ignition for improved performance of an internal combustion engine. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 35 (6):1664–68. doi:10.1109/TPS.2007.907901.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciezk, H. K., and G. Adomeit. 1993. Shock-tube investigation of self-ignition of n -heptane-air mixtures under engine relevant conditions. Combust. Flame. 93:421–33. doi:10.1016/0010-2180(93)90142-P.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruccolini, V., G. Discepoli, A. Cimarello, M. Battistoni, F. Mariani, C. N. Grimaldi, and M. Dal Re. 2020. Lean combustion analysis using a Corona discharge igniter in an optical engine fueled with methane and a hydrogen-methane blend. Fuel. 259:116290. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116290.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Do, H., M. A. Cappelli, and M. G. Mungal. 2010. Plasma assisted cavity flame ignition in supersonic flows. Combustion and Flame 157 (9):1783–94. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.03.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fieweger, K., R. Blumenthal, and G. Adomeit. 1997. Self-ignition of S.I. engine model fuels: A shock tube investigation at high pressure. Combus. Flame 109:599–619. doi:10.1016/S0010-2180(97)00049-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filimonova, E. A., A. S. Dobrovolskaya, A. N. Bocharov, V. A. Bityurin, and G. V. Naidis. 2020. Formation of combustion wave in lean propane-air mixture with a non-uniform chemical reactivity initiated by nanosecond streamer discharges in the HCCI engine. Combust. Flame. 215:401–16. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2020.01.029.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gong, C., J. Yu, K. Wang, J. Liu, W. Huang, X. Si, F. Wei, F. Liu, and Y. Han. 2018. Numerical study of plasma produced ozone assisted combustion in a direct injection spark ignition methanol engine. Energy 153:1028–37. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2018.04.096.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagelaar, G. J. M., and L. C. Pitchford. 2005. Solving the Boltzmann equation to obtain electron transport coefficients and rate coefficients for fluid models. Plasma Sources Sci. Tech. 14:722–33. doi:10.1088/0963-0252/14/4/011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, J., and H. Yamashita. 2014. Numerical study of the effects of non-equilibrium plasma on the ignition delay of a methane–air mixture using detailed ion chemical kinetics. Combust. Flame. 161 (8):2064–72. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.01.025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayash, M. 1987. Electron collision cross-sections for molecules determind from beam and swarm data. In Swarm studies and inelastic electron-molecule collision, ed. L. C. Pitchford. New York: Springer-Verlag New York Inc 167–87 .
   Google Scholar
• He, B.-Q., X. Chen, C.-L. Lin, and H. Zhao. 2016. Combustion characteristics of a gasoline engine with independent intake port injection and direct injection systems for n-butanol and gasoline. Energ. Convers. Manage 124:556–65. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2016.07.053.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, B.-Q., J. Yuan, M.-B. Liu, and H. Zhao. 2014. Low-temperature combustion characteristics of a n -Butanol/Isooctane HCCI Engine. Energ. Fuel. 28 (6):4183–92. doi:10.1021/ef500508h.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inoue, I., T. Aizawa, T. Ishijima, and R. Ono. 2021. Measurement of the density and rotational temperature of OH in a saturated water vapor slot-excited microwave plasma. J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys 54:195201. doi:10.1088/1361-6463/abe440.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ionin, A. A., I. V. Kochetov, A. P. Napartovich, and N. N. Yuryshev. 2007. Physics and engineering of singlet delta oxygen production in low-temperature plasma. Journal of Physics D Appl Phys. 40 (2):R25–R61. doi:10.1088/0022-3727/40/2/R01.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itikawa, Y., M. Hayashi, A. Ichimura, K. Onda, K. Sakimoto, K. Takayanagi, M. Nakamura, H. Nishimura, and T. Takayanagi. 1986. Cross sections for collisions of electrons and photons with nitrogen molecules. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 15:985–1010. doi:10.1063/1.555762.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ju, Y., and W. Sun. 2015. Plasma assisted combustion: Dynamics and chemistry. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci 48:21–83.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung, D., K. Sasaki, and N. Iida. 2017. Effects of increased spark discharge energy and enhanced in-cylinder turbulence level on lean limits and cycle-to-cycle variations of combustion for SI engine operation. Appl Energy. 205:1467–77. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.043.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelley, A. P., G. Jomaas, and C. K. Law. 2009. Critical radius for sustained propagation of spark-ignited spherical flames. Combust. Flame 156:1006–13. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.12.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosarev, I. N., N. L. Aleksandrov, S. V. Kindysheva, S. M. Starikovskaia, and A. Y. Starikovskii. 2008. Kinetics of ignition of saturated hydrocarbons by nonequilibrium plasma: CH4-containing mixtures. Combust. Flame. 154 (3):569–86. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.03.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosarev, I. N., N. L. Aleksandrov, S. V. Kindysheva, S. M. Starikovskaia, and A. Y. Starikovskii. 2009. Kinetics of ignition of saturated hydrocarbons by nonequilibrium plasma: C2H6- to C5H12- containing mixtures. Combust. Flame. 156:221–33. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.07.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosarev, I. N., S. V. Kindysheva, N. L. Aleksandrov, and A. Y. Starikovskiy. 2015. Ignition of ethanol-containing mixtures excited by nanosecond discharge above self-ignition threshold. Combust. Flame. 162 (1):50–59. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.07.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kossyi, I. A., A. Y. Kostinsky, A. A. Matveyev, and V. P. Silakov. 1992. Kinetic scheme of the non-equilibrium discharge in nitrogen-oxygen mixtures. Plasma Sources Sci. Tech 1:207–20. doi:10.1088/0963-0252/1/3/011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lefkowitz, J. K., M. Uddi, B. C. Windom, G. Lou, and Y. Ju. 2015. In situ species diagnostics and kinetic study of plasma activated ethylene dissociation and oxidation in a low temperature flow reactor. Proc. Combust. Inst. 35 (3):3505–12. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2014.08.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, S., C. Bai, X. Chen, W. Meng, L. Li, and J. Pan. 2021. Numerical investigation on plasma assisted ignition of methane/air mixture excited by the synergistic nanosecond repetitive pulsed and DC discharge. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys 54:015203. doi:10.1088/1361-6463/abb8ae.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, X., B.-Q. He, and H. Zhao. 2020. Effect of direct injection dimethyl ether on the micro-flame ignited (MFI) hybrid combustion characteristics of an optical gasoline engine at ultra-lean conditions. Fuel Process. Tech. 203:106383. doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2020.106383.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Y.-D., M. Jia, M.-Z. Xie, and B. Pang. 2013. Development of a new skeletal chemical kinetic model of toluene reference fuel with application to gasoline surrogate fuels for computational fluid dynamics engine simulation. Energ. Fuel 27:4899–909. doi:10.1021/ef4009955.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magboltz, G. http://garfield.web.cern.ch/garfield/help/garfield_41.html 18 Jan. 2021
   Google Scholar
• Merola, S. S., L. Marchitto, C. Tornatore, G. Valentino, and A. Irimescu. 2014. Optical characterization of combustion processes in a DISI engine equipped with plasma-assisted ignition system. Appl. Therm. Eng. 69 (1–2):177–87. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.04.046.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ning, D., Y. Shoshin, J. A. Van Oijen, G. Finotello, and L. P. H. De Goey. 2021. Burn time and combustion regime of laser-ignited single iron particle. Combust. Flame 230:111424. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2021.111424.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pancheshnyi, S., M. Nudnova, and A. Starikovskii. 2005. Development of a cathode-directed streamer discharge in air at different pressures: Experiment and comparison with direct numerical simulation. Phys. Rev. E. 71 (1):016407. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.71.016407.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavel, N., M. Bärwinkel, P. Heinz, D. Brüggemann, G. Dearden, G. Croitoru, and O. V. Grigore. 2018. Laser ignition - Spark plug development and application in reciprocating engines. Prog. Quant. Electron 58:1–32. doi:10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.04.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Popov, N. A. 2008. Effect of a pulsed high-current discharge on hydrogen-air mixtures. Plasma Phys. Rep. 34 (5):376–91. doi:10.1134/S1063780X08050048.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rousso, A., S. Yang, J. Lefkowitz, W. Sun, and Y. Ju. 2017. Low temperature oxidation and pyrolysis of n-heptane in nanosecond-pulsed plasma discharges. Proc. Combust. Inst 36:4105–12. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2016.08.084.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos, N. D. S. A., C. E. C. Alvarez, V. R. Roso, J. G. C. Baeta, and R. M. Valle. 2019. Combustion analysis of a SI engine with stratified and homogeneous pre-chamber ignition system using ethanol and hydrogen. Appl. Therm. Eng. 160:113985. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.113985.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiraishi, T., A. Kakuho, T. Urushihara, C. Cathey, T. Tang, and M. Gundersen. 2008. A study of volumetric ignition using high-speed plasma for improving lean combustion performance in internal combustion engines. SAE International, 2008-01-0466.
   Google Scholar
• Shiraishi, T., and T. Urushihara. 2011. Fundamental analysis of combustion initiation characteristics of low temperature plasma ignition for internal combustion gasoline engine. SAE International, 2011-01-0660.
   Google Scholar
• Starikovskaia, S. M. 2006. Plasma assisted ignition and combustion. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys 39:R265–R299. doi:10.1088/0022-3727/39/16/R01.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Starikovskaia, S. M., N. B. Anikin, I. N. Kosarev, N. A. Popov, and A. Y. Starikovskii 2006. Analysis of Ignition by nonequilibrium sources. Ignition of homological series of hydrocarbons by volume nanosecond discharge. 44th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reno, Nevada.
   Google Scholar
• Sun, W., M. Uddi, S. H. Won, T. Ombrello, C. Carter, and Y. Ju. 2012. Kinetic effects of non-equilibrium plasma-assisted methane oxidation on diffusion flame extinction limits. Combust. Flame. 159 (1):221–29. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.07.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsolas, N., R. A. Yetter, and I. V. Adamovich. 2017. Kinetics of plasma assisted pyrolysis and oxidation of ethylene. Part 2: Kinetic modeling studies. Combust. Flame 176:462–78. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.10.023.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsuboi, S., S. Miyokawa, M. Matsuda, T. Yokomori, and N. Iida. 2019. Influence of spark discharge characteristics on ignition and combustion process and the lean operation limit in a spark ignition engine. Appl. Energy 250:617–32. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.05.036.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, H., D. Delvescovo, Z. Zheng, M. Yao, and R. D. Reitz. 2015. Reaction mechanisms and HCCI combustion processes of mixtures of n-heptane and the butanols. Front. Mech. Eng 1. doi:10.3389/fmech.2015.00003.
   Google Scholar
• Yu, J.-L., L.-M. He, W. Ding, Z.-C. Zhao, and H.-L. Zhang. 2016. Research on the impacts of air temperature on the evolution of nanosecond pulse discharge products. Appl. Therm. Eng 98:265–70. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.12.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong, H., X. Mao, A. C. Rousso, C. L. Patrick, C. Yan, W. Xu, Q. Chen, G. Wysocki, and Y. Ju. 2021. Kinetic study of plasma-assisted n-dodecane/O2/N2 pyrolysis and oxidation in a nanosecond-pulsed discharge. Proc. Combust. Inst 38:6521–31. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2020.06.016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar