A Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence Study of Turbulent Flame Kernel Growth and Fractal Characteristics

References

• Abdel-Gayed , R. G. , and Bradley , D. ( 1976 ) Dependence of turbulent burning velocity on turbulent Reynolds number and ratio of laminar burning velocity to r.m.s. turbulent velocity . Sixteenth Symposium (Int.) on Combustion . The Combustion Institute , pp. 1725 – 1735 .
   Google Scholar
• Abdel-Gayed , R. G. , Bradley , D. , Hamid , D. , and Laws , M. ( 1984-a ) Lewis number effects on turbulent burning velocity . Twentieth Symposium (Int.) on Combustion . The Combustion Institute , pp. 505 – 512 .
   Google Scholar
• Abdel-Gayed , R. G. , Al-Khishali , K. J. , and Bradley , D. ( 1984-b ). Turbulent burning velocities and flame straining in explosions . Proc. R. Soc. Land. A 391 pp. 393 – 414 .
   Google Scholar
• Abdel-Gayed , R. G. , and Bradley , D. ( 1985 ). Criteria for turbulent propagation limits of premixed flames . Combustion and Flame 62 pp 61 – 68 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abraham , J. , Williams , A. F. , and Bracco , F. V. ( 1985 ). A discussion of turbulent flame structure in premixed charges . SAE Paper 850345.
   Google Scholar
• Becker , H. , Monkhouse , P. B. , Wolfrum , J. , Cant , R. S. , Bray , K. N. C. , Maly , R. , Pfister , W. , Stahl , G. , Warnatz , J. ( 1990 ). Investigation of extinction in unsteady flames in turbulent combustion by 2D-LIF of OH radicals and flamelet analysis . Twenty-Third Symposium (Int.) on Combustion . The Combustion Institute , pp 817 – 823 .
   Google Scholar
• Bell , W. A. ( 1982 ) Spectral analysis algorithms for the laser velocimeter A comparative study . AIAA Journal 21 , No. 5 . pp 714 – 731 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damköhler , G. ( 1947 ). NACA TM 1112
   Google Scholar
• Gouldin , F. C. ( 1987 ). An application of fractals to modelling premixed turbulent flames . Combustion and Flame 68 . pp. 249 – 266 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gouldin , F. C. , Hilton , S. M. , and Lamb , T. ( 1988 ). Experimental evaluation of the fractal geometry of flamelets . Twenty-Second (Int.) Symposium on Combustion . The Combustion Institute , pp. 541 – 550
   Google Scholar
• Groff , E. G. ( 1987 ). An experimental evaluation of an entrainment flame-propagation model . Combustion and Flame 67 . pp. 153 – 162 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gülder , L. Ö. ( 1990 ). Turbulent premixed combustion modelling using fractal geometry . Twenty Third Symposium (Int.) on Combustion . The Combustion Institute , pp. 835 – 842
   Google Scholar
• Hanson , R. K. ( 1986 ). Combustion diagnostics Planar imaging techniques . Twenty-First Symposium (Int.) on Combustion . The Combustion Institute , pp. 1677 – 1691
   Google Scholar
• Jimenez , J. ( 1992 ). Proceedings of the 1992 Summer Program , Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford University , CA
   Google Scholar
• Kee , R. J. , Grcar , J. F. , Smooke , M. D. , and Miller , J. A. ( 1985 ). A fortran program for modelling steady laminar one-dimensional premixed flames . SANDIA Report SAND85-8240
   Google Scholar
• Kwon , S. , Wu , M. S. , Driscoll , J. F. , and Faeth , G. M. ( 1992 ). Flame surface properties of premixed flames in isotropic turbulence Measurements and numerical simulations . Combustion and Flame 88 . pp. 221 – 238
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandelbrot , B. B. ( 1977 ). Fractals Form, chance, and dimension . W.H. Freeman , San Francisco
   Google Scholar
• Mantzarras , J. , Felton , P. G. , and Bracco , F. V. ( 1989 ). Fractals and turbulent premixed engine flames . Combustion and Flame 77 . pp. 295 – 310 .
   Google Scholar
• Mickelsen , W. R. , and Ernstein , N. E. ( 1956 ). Growth rates of turbulent free flames . Sixth Symposium (Int.) on Combustion . Reinhold . New York . pp. 325 – 333 .
   Google Scholar
• Morley , C. ( 1982 ). The application of laser fluorescence to detection of species in atmospheric pressure flames 21. Relative quenching rates of OH by H2O, H2, and CO . Combustion and Flame 47 . pp. 67 – 81
   Google Scholar
• Murayama , M. , Taneko , T. ( 1988 ). Fractal-like character of flamelets in turbulent premixed combustion . Twenty Second Symposium (Int.) on Combustion . The Combustion Institute , pp. 551 – 559 .
   Google Scholar
• North , G. L. , and Santavicca , D. A. ( 1990 ). The fractal nature of premixed turbulent flames . Combust. Sci and Tech . 72 . pp. 215 – 232 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palm-Reis , A. , and Strehlow , R. A. ( 1969 ). On the propagation of turbulent flames . Combustion and Flame 13 . pp. 111 – 129
   Google Scholar
• Peters , N. ( 1986 ). Laminar flamelet concepts in turbulent combustion . Twenty First Symposium on Combustion . The Combustion Institute , pp. 1231 – 1250 .
   Google Scholar
• Poinsot , T. , Veynante , D. , and Candel , S. ( 1990 ). Diagrams of premixed turbulent combustion based on direct simulation . Twenty Third Symposium on Combustion . The Combustion Institute , pp. 613 – 690 .
   Google Scholar
• Pope , S. B. , and Cheng , W. K. ( 1986 ). Statistical calculations of spherical turbulent flames . Twenty-First Symposium (Int.) on Combustion . The Combustion Institute , pp. 1473 – 1481 .
   Google Scholar
• Santavicca , D. A. , Liou , D. , North , G. L. ( 1990 ). A fractal model of turbulent flame kernel growth . SAE Paper 900024
   Google Scholar
• Seitzman , J. M. , Üngüt , A. , Paul , P. H. , and Hanson , R. K. ( 1990 ). Imaging and characterization of OH structures in a turbulent nonpremixed flame . Twenty-Third Symposium (Int.) on Combustion . The Combustion Institute , pp. 637 – 644 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , D. M. and Meadows , D. M. ( 1974 ). Power spectra from random-time samples for turbulence measurements with a laser velocimeter . Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Laser Velocimetry . Purdue University . W. Lafayette, Ind. pp. 27 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Shepherd , I. G. , Cheng , R. K. , and Goix , P. J. ( 1990 ), The spatial scalar structure of premixed turbulent stagnation point flames . Twenty-Third (Int.) Symposium on Combustion . The Combustion Institute , pp. 781 – 787 .
   Google Scholar
• Trautwein , S. E. , Grudno , A. , and Adomeit , G. ( 1990 ). The influence of turbulence intensity and laminar flame speed on turbulent flame propagation under engine like conditions . Twenty-Third Symposium (Int.) on Combustion . The Combustion Institute , pp. 723 – 728 .
   Google Scholar
• Videto , B. , and Santavicca , D. A. ( 1990 ). Flame-turbulence interactions in a freely propagating premixed flame . Combust. Sci. and Tech . 70 , pp. 47 – 73 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walter , D. H. ( 1992 ). Private communication . Shell Research Ltd., Thornton Research Centre , P.O. Box 1 , Chester , England .
   Google Scholar
• Wu , M. S. , Kwon , S. , Driscoll , J. F. , and Faeth , G. M. ( 1991 ). Preferential diffusion effects on the structure of turbulent premixed hydrogen/air flames . Combust. Sci. and Tech. 78 . pp. 69 – 96 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar