A Reduced Reaction Scheme for Volatile Nitrogen Conversion in Coal Combustion

References

• Abbas , T. , Costen , P. and Lockwood , F. C. ( 1991 ) The Influence of Near Burner Region Aerodynamics on the Formation and Emission of Nitrogen Oxides in a Pulverized Coal-Fired Furnace , Combust. Flame , 91 , 346 – 363 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azahuta , S. , Narato , K. , Kobayashi , H. , Arashi , N. , Morita , S. and Masai , T. ( 1986 ) A study of Gas Composition Profiles for Low NO_x Pulverized Coal Combustion and Burner Scale-Up, 21st Symp. (Int.) Combust., pp. 1199 – 1206 .
   Google Scholar
• Brouwer , J. , Heap , M. P. , Pershing , D. W. and Smith , P. J. ( 1996 ) A Model for Prediction of Selective Noncatalytic Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides by Ammonia, Urea, and Cyanuric Acid with Mixing Limitations in the Presence of CO , 27^th Symp. (Int.) on Combust. , pp. 2117 – 2124 .
   Google Scholar
• Chen . J. Y. , Dibble . R. W. and Bilger , R. W. ( 1990 ) PDF Modelling of turbulent Nonpre-mixed CO/H2/N2 Jet Flames with Reduced Mechanisms , 23^rdSymp. (Int.) on Combust. , pp. 775 – 780 .
   Google Scholar
• Chen , W. ( 1994 ) A Global Reaction Rate for Nitric Oxide Reburning , Ph.D. thesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, :Provo, Utah .
   Google Scholar
• Cho , S. and Niksa , S. ( 1995 ) Elementary Reaction Models and Correlations for Burning Velocities of Multicomponent Organic Fuel Mixtures , Combust. Flame , 101 , 411 – 427 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Soete , G. G. ( 1975 ) Overall Reaction Rates of NO and N2 Formation from Fuel Nitrogen , 15^th Symp. (Int.) on Combust. , pp. 1093 – 1102 .
   Google Scholar
• Corlett , R. C , Monteith , L. E. , Halgren , C. A. and Make , P. C. ( 1979 ) Molecular Nitrogen Yields from Fuel-Nitrogen in Backmixed Combustion , Combust. Sci. Tech. , 19 , 95 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenimore , C. P. ( 1979 ) Studies of Fuel-Nitrogen Species in Rich Flame Gases , 15th Symp. (Int.) on Combust. , pp. 661 – 670 .
   Google Scholar
• Fiveland , W. A. , Wessel , R. A. and Eskinazi , D. , Pollutant Model for Predicting Formation and Reduction of Nitric Oxides in Three-Dimensional, Pulverized-Fuel-Fired Furnaces, Heat Transfer in Furnaces, 24th Nat. HT conf. and Exh. , Pittsburg , Aug. 1987 , 39 .
   Google Scholar
• Fletcher , R. A. ( 1971 ) A modified Marquardt subroutine for non-linear least squares , Harwell report, AERE R. 6799.
   Google Scholar
• Glarborg , P. , Kee , R. J. , Grcar , J. F. and Miller , J. A. ( 1986 a) PSR: A Fortan Program for Modelling Well-Stirred Reactors , Sandia report, SAND86-8209.
   Google Scholar
• Glarborg , P. , Miller , J. A. and Kee , R. J. ( 1986 b) Kinetic Modeling and Sensitivity Analysis of Nitrogen Oxide Formation in Well-Stirred Reactors , Combust. Flame , 65 , 177 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glarborg , P. , Lilleheie , N. I. , Byggstoyl , S. , Magnussen , B. F. , Kilpinen , P. and Hupa , M. ( 1992 ) A Reduced Mechanism for Nitrogen Chemistry in Methane combustion , 24th Symp. (Int.) Combust. , pp. 889 – 898 .
   Google Scholar
• Glarborg , P. and Miller , J. A. ( 1994 ) Mechanism and Modeling of Hydrogen Cyanide Oxidation in a Flow Reactor , Combust. Flame , 99 , 475 – 483 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jessee , J. P. , Gansman , R. F. and Fiveland , W. A. ( 1997 ) Multi-Dimensionel Analysis of Turbulent Natural Gas Flames using Detailed Chemical Kinetics , to be published in Combustion Science and Technology.
   Google Scholar
• Kambara , S. , Takarada , T. , Yaraamoto , Y. and Kato , K. , Relation between Functional Forms of Coal Nitrogen and Formation of NOx Precursors during Rapid Pyrolysis, Energy and Fuels , 1013–1020.
   Google Scholar
• Kee , R. J. , Rupley , F. M. and Miller , J. A. ( 1989 a) Chemkin-II: A Fortran Chemical Kinetics Package for the analysis of Gas-Phase Chemical Kinetics , Sandia report, SAND89-8009.
   Google Scholar
• Kee , R. J. , Rupley , F. M. and Miller , J. A. ( 1989 b) The Chemkin Thermodynamic Data Base , Sandia report, SAND87-821SB.
   Google Scholar
• Lutz , A. E. , Kee , R. J. and Miller , J. A. ( 1987 ) SENKFN: A Fortran Program for Predicting Homogeneous Gas Phase Chemical Kinetics With Sensitivity Analysis , Sandia report, SAND87-8248.
   Google Scholar
• Magel , H. C , Schnell , U. and Hein , K. R. G. ( 1996 ) Simulation of Detailed Chemistry in a Turbulent Combustor Flow , 27th Symp. (Int.) on Combust. , pp. 67 – 74 .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , J. A. , Branch , M. C , McLean , W. J. , Chandler , D. W. , Smooke , M. D. and Kee , R. J. ( 1984 ) The Conversion of HCN to NO and N2 in H2-O2-HCN-Ar Flames at Low Pressures , 20th Symp. (Int.) on Combust. , pp. 673 – 684 .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , J. A. and Glarborg , P. ( 1996 ) Modeling the Formation of N2O and NO in the Thermal DeNOx Process , in,“ Gas Phase Chemical Reaction Systems: Experiments and Modelling 100 years after Max Bodenstein ”, Eds. J. Wolfrum , H.R. Volpp , R. and Rannacher J. Warnatz , Springer Series in Chemical Physics, 61 , 318 – 333 .
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell , J. W. and Tarbell , J. M. ( 1982 ) A Kinetic Model of Nitric Oxide Formation During Pulverized Coal Combustion , AlChE , 28 , 302 – 311 .
   Google Scholar
• Muzio , L. J. and Arand , J. K. ( 1977 ) Gas Phase Decomposition of Nitric Oxide in Combustion Products , 16th Symp. (Int.) on Combust. , pp. 199 – 208 .
   Google Scholar
• Nelson , P. F. , Buckley , A. N. and Kelly , M. D. ( 1992 ) Functional Forms of Nitrogen in Coals and the Release of Coal Nitrogen as NOx precursors (HCN and NH5) , 24th Symp. (Jnt.) on Combust. , pp. 1259 – 1267 .
   Google Scholar
• Niksa , S. and Cho , S. ( 1996 ) Conversion of Fuel-Nitrogen in the Primary Zones of Pulverized Coal Flames , Energy and Fuels , 10 , 463 – 473 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paczko , G. , Lefdal , P. M. and Peters , N. ( 1986 ) Reduced Reaction Schemes for Methane, Methanol and Propane Flames , 21st Symp. (Jnt.) on Combust. , pp. 739 – 748 .
   Google Scholar
• Pedersen , L. S. , Glarborg , P. , Dam-Johansen , K. , Hepburn , P. W. and Hesselmann , G. ( 1998 ) A Chemical Engineering Model for Predicting NO Emissions and Burnout from Pulverised Coal Flames , Combust. Sci. and Tech. , in press.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petzold , L. R. ( 1982 ) A Description of DASSL: a differential/algebraic system solver , Sandia report, SAND 80 – 8637 .
   Google Scholar
• Puri , R. , Santoro , R. J. and Smyth , K. C. ( 1994 ) The Oxidation of Soot and Carbon Monoxide in Hydrocarbon Diffusion Flames , Combust. Flame , 97 , 125 – 144 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogg , B. and Williams , F. A. ( 1988 ) Structures of Wet CO Flames with Full and Reduced Kinetic Mechanisms , 22nd Symp. (Int.) on Combust. , pp. 1441 – 1451 .
   Google Scholar
• Wendt , J. O. L. ( 1995 ) Mechanism Governing the Formation and Destruction of NO, and Other Nitrogenous Species in Low NOx Coal Combustion Systems , Combust. Sci. Tech. , 108 , 323 – 344 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber , R. , Dugue , J. , Sayre , A. and Visser , B. M. ( 1992 ) Quarl Zone Flow and Chemistry of Swirling Pulverised Coal Flames: Measurements and Computations , 24th Symp. (Int.) on Combust. , pp. 1373 – 1380 .
   Google Scholar