Responses of Root Growth and Nitrogen Transfer Metabolism to Uniconazole, a Growth Retardant, during the Seedling Stage of Soybean under Relay Strip Intercropping System

References

• Atkins , C. A. , Dilworth , M. J. and Glenn , A. R. 1991 . “ Ammonia assimilation and export of nitrogen from the legume nodule ” . In Biology and biochemistry of nitrogen fixation , Edited by: Dilworth , M. J. and Glenn , A. R. 293 – 319 . Amsterdam : the Netherlands: Elsevier Science .
   Google Scholar
• Awal , M. A. , Koshi , H. and Ikeda , T. 2006 . Radiation interception and use by maize/peanut intercrop canopy . Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , 139 ( 1 ) : 74 – 83 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barthes , L. , Deleens , E. , Bousser , A. , Hoarau , J. and Prioul , J. L. 1996 . Nitrate use and xylem exudation in detopped wheat seedlings: An early diagnosis for predicting varietal differences in nitrogen utilization? . Functional Plant Biology , 23 ( 1 ) : 33 – 44 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Begna , S. H. , Dwyer , L. M. , Cloutier , D. , Assemat , L. , DiTommaso , A. , Zhou , X. , Prithiviraj , B. and Smith , D. L. 2002 . Decoupling of light intensity effects on the growth and development of C3 and C4 weed species through sucrose supplementation . Journal of Experimental Botany , 53 ( 376 ) : 1935 – 1940 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardillo , E. and Bernal , C. J. 2006 . Morphological response and growth of cork oak (Quercus suber L.) seedlings at different shade levels . Forest Ecology and Management , 222 ( 1–3 ) : 296 – 301 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruz , P. 1997 . Effect of shade on the carbon and nitrogen allocation in a perennial tropical grass . Dichanthium aristatum. Journal of Experimental Botany , 48 ( 1 ) : 15 – 24 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai , Y. , Shen , Z. , Liu , Y. , Wang , L. , Hannaway , D. and Lu , H. 2009 . Effects of shade treatments on the photosynthetic capacity, chlorophyll fluorescence, and chlorophyll content of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg . Environmental and Experimental Botany , 65 ( 2–3 ) : 177 – 182 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodd , I. C. 2005 . Root-to-shoot signalling: Assessing the roles of “up” in the up and down world of long-distance signalling in planta . Plant and Soil , 274 ( 1 ) : 251 – 270 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong , H. , Niu , Y. , Li , W. and Zhang , D. 2008 . Effects of cotton rootstock on endogenous cytokinins and abscisic acid in xylem sap and leaves in relation to leaf senescence . Journal of Experimental Botany , 59 ( 6 ) : 1295 – 1304 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duan , L. , Guan , C. , Li , J. , Eneji , A. E. , Li , Z. and Zhai , Z. 2008 . Compensative effects of chemical regulation with uniconazole on physiological damages caused by water deficiency during the grain filling stage of wheat . Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science , 194 ( 1 ) : 9 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engels , C. and Marschner , H. 1993 . Influence of the form of nitrogen supply on root uptake and translocation of cations in the xylem exudate of maize (Zea mays L) . Journal of Experimental Botany , 44 ( 11 ) : 1695 – 1701 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan , G. , Yang , W. , Ren , W. and Shao , Q. 2004 . Effects of S-3307 waterless-dressed seeds on carbon–nitrogen metabolism of wheat during leaf senescence . Acta Tritical Crops , 4 ( 24 ) : 88 – 91 .
   Google Scholar
• Godfray , H. C. J. , Beddington , J. R. , Crute , I. R. , Haddad , L. , Lawrence , D. , Muir , J. F. , Pretty , J. , Robinson , S. , Thomas , S. M. and Toulmin , C. 2010 . Food security: The challenge of feeding 9 billion people . Science , 327 ( 5967 ) : 812 – 818 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gong , W. , Zhang , Z. , Yang , W. and Li , W. 2007 . Effect of uniconazloe for dry seed treatment on morphological characteristics and yield of soybean . Soybean Science , 26 ( 3 ) : 369 – 372 . 376
   Google Scholar
• Gottschalk , K. W. 1987 . “ Effects of shading on growth and development of northern red oak, black oak, black cherry, and red maple seedlings, II: Biomass partitioning and prediction ” . In Proceedings, Sixth Central Hardwood Forest Conference , Edited by: Hays , R. L. , Woods , F. W. and DeSelm , H. 99 – 110 . Knoxville : Tenn: Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee .
   Google Scholar
• Groninger , J. W. , Seiler , J. R. , Peterson , J. A. and Kreh , R. E. 1996 . Growth and photosynthetic responses of four Virginia Piedmont tree species to shade . Tree Physiology , 16 ( 9 ) : 773 – 778 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han , H. and Yang , W. 2009 . Influence of uniconazole and plant density on nitrogen content and grain quality in winter wheat in South China . Plant, Soil and Environment , 55 ( 4 ) : 159 – 166 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hebert , Y. , Guingo , E. and Loudet , O. 2001 . The response of root/shoot partitioning and root morphology to light reduction in maize genotypes . Crop Science , 41 ( 2 ) : 363 – 371 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hou , Z. , Li , P. , Li , B. , Gong , J. and Wang , Y. 2007 . Effects of fertigation scheme on N uptake and N use efficiency in cotton . Plant and Soil , 290 ( 1 ) : 115 – 126 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jing , D. and Zhen-de , S. 1985 . Cytokinins in root exudate of cotton plants . Acta Photophysiologica Sinica , 11 : 249 – 259 .
   Google Scholar
• Keeney , D. R. and Nelson , D. W. 1982 . “ Nitrogen—Inorganic forms ” . In Methods of soil analysis , 2nd , Edited by: Page , A. L. , Miller , R. H. and Keeney , D. R. 643 – 698 . Madison , Wisc : American Society of Agronomy .
   Google Scholar
• Kehr , J. and Rep , M. 2007 . Protein extraction from xylem and phloem sap . Methods in Molecular Biology , 355 : 27 – 355 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khan , S. R. , Rose , R. , Haase , D. L. and Sabin , T. E. 2000 . Effects of shade on morphology, chlorophyll concentration, and chlorophyll fluorescence of four Pacific Northwest conifer species . New Forests , 19 ( 2 ) : 171 – 186 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurepin , L. V. , Emery , R. J. , Pharis , R. P. and Reid , D. M. 2007 . Uncoupling light quality from light irradiance effects in Helianthus annuus shoots: Putative roles for plant hormones in leaf and internode growth . Journal of Experimental Botany , 58 ( 8 ) : 2145 – 2157 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leul , M. and Zhou , W. 1998 . Alleviation of waterlogging damage in winter rape by application of uniconazole: Effects on morphological characteristics, hormones, and photosynthesis . Field Crops Research , 59 ( 2 ) : 121 – 127 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , C., X. , He , S. , Zhu , H. , Zhou , Y. , Wang , Y. , Li , J. , Yang , J. , Fan , J. , Yang , G. , Wang , Y. , Long , J. , Xu , Y. , Tang , G. , Zhao , J. , Yang , L. , Liu , Y. , Sun , Y. , Xie , H. , Wang and Zhu , Y. 2009 . Crop diversity for yield increase . PLoS One , 4 ( 11 ) : e8049
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , W. , Song , Y. , Zou , J. , Zhang , Y. , Mei , L. , Jiang , T. and Yang , W. 2011 . Design and effect of LED simulated illumination environment on intercropping population . Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering , 27 ( 8 ) : 288 – 292 .
   Google Scholar
• Makino , A. , Sato , T. , Nakano , H. and Mae , T. 1997 . Leaf photosynthesis, plant growth, and nitrogen allocation in rice under different irradiances . Planta , 203 ( 3 ) : 390 – 398 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mushagalusa , G. N. , Ledent , J. F. and Draye , X. 2008 . Shoot and root competition in potato/maize intercropping: Effects on growth and yield . Environmental and Experimental Botany , 64 ( 2 ) : 180 – 188 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neufeld , H. S. 1983 . Effects of light on growth, morphology, and photosynthesis in baldcypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.) and pondcypress (T. ascendens Brongn.) seedlings . Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club , 110 : 43 – 54 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noguchi , A. , Kageyama , M. , Shinmachi , F. , Schmidhalter , U. and Hasegawa , I. 2005 . Potential for using plant xylem sap to evaluate inorganic nutrient availability in soil . Soil Science and Plant Nutrition , 51 ( 3 ) : 333 – 341 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noodén , L. D. , Singh , S. and Letham , D. S. 1990 . Correlation of xylem sap cytokinin levels with monocarpic senescence in soybean . Plant Physiology , 93 ( 1 ) : 33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pallant , J. 2007 . SPSS survival manual , 3rd , Maidenhead , UK : McGraw-Hill Education .
   Google Scholar
• Parsons , R. and Sunley , R. J. 2001 . Nitrogen nutrition and the role of root–shoot nitrogen signaling, particularly in symbiotic systems . Journal of Experimental Botany , 52 : 435 – 443 . Suppl. 1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qingfu , Y. , Weijun , Z. , Haifu , X. and Jianyi , F. 1995 . Effects of S-3307 on the levels of endogenous hormones (IAA, ABA, ZT) and some physiological characteristics of rape seedlings . Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis , 7 ( 6 ) : 451 – 456 .
   Google Scholar
• Qiu , J. , Wang , R. , Yan , J. and Hu , J. 2005 . Seed film coating with uniconazole improves rape seedling growth in relation to physiological changes under waterlogging stress . Plant Growth Regulation , 47 ( 1 ) : 75 – 81 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quero , J. L. , Villar , R. , Marañón , T. , Zamora , R. , Vega , D. and Sack , L. 2008 . Relating leaf photosynthetic rate to whole-plant growth: Drought and shade effects on seedlings of four Quercus species . Functional Plant Biology , 35 ( 8 ) : 725 – 737 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigo , V. , Stirling , C. M. , Teklehaimanot , Z. and Nugawela , A. 2001 . Intercropping with banana to improve fractional interception and radiation-use efficiency of immature rubber plantations . Field Crops Research , 69 ( 3 ) : 237 – 249 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saito , S. , Okamoto , M. , Shinoda , S. , Kushiro , T. , Koshiba , T. , Kamiya , Y. , Hirai , N. , Todoroki , Y. , Sakata , K. , Nambara , E. and Mizutani , M. 2006 . A plant growth retardant, uniconazole, is a potent inhibitor of ABA catabolism in Arabidopsis . Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry , 70 ( 7 ) : 1731 – 1739 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun , J. , Duan , A. , Wang , H. , Gao , Y. , Zhang , J. , Liu , H. and Qiu , X. 2010 . Distribution and use efficiency of photosynthetically active radiation in strip intercropping of maize and soybean . Agronomy Journal , 102 ( 4 ) : 1149 – 1157 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilman , D. , Balzer , C. , Hill , J. and Befort , B. L. 2011 . Global food demand and the sustainable intensification of agriculture . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 108 ( 50 ) : 20260 – 20264 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Kessel , C. , Roskoski , J. P. and Keane , K. 1988 . Ureide production by N2-fixing and non-N2-fixing leguminous trees . Soil Biology and Biochemistry , 20 ( 6 ) : 891 – 897 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan , Y. , Yan , Y. and Yang , W. 2012 . Effects of foliar spraying uniconazole on growth and nitrogen metabolism of relay strip intercropping soybean under different nitrogen levels . Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences) , 38 ( 2 ) : 185 – 196 .
   Google Scholar
• Xiang , D. , Yong , T. , Yang , W. , Wan , Y. , Gong , W. , Cui , L. and Lei , T. 2012 . Effect of phosphorus and potassium nutrition on growth and yield of soybean in relay strip intercropping system . Scientific Research and Essays , 3 ( 7 ) : 342 – 351 .
   Google Scholar
• Xie , F. , Zuan , D. , Wang , X. and Yanhuan , S. 1993 . Effect of lodging on soybean yield formation . Soybean Science , 1 ( 12 ) : 81 – 85 .
   Google Scholar
• Yan , Y. , Gong , W. , Yang , W. , Wan , Y. , Chen , X. , Chen , Z. and Wang , L. 2010 . Seed treatment with uniconazole powder improves soybean seedling growth under shading by corn in relay strip intercropping system . Plant Production Science , 13 ( 4 ) : 367 – 374 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan , Y. 2010 . “ Ya'an, Sichuan, China: Sichuan Agricultural University ” . In Effects of uniconazole on improving relay cropping soybean seedling growth and controlling flourishing growth and theirs mechanism
   Google Scholar
• Yang , W. , Fan , G. , Dong , Z. , Ren , W. and Liu , W. 2005a . Effect of uniconazole waterless-dressing seed on root growth and absorption capacity of wheat . Acta Agriculturae Nucleatae Sinica , 3 ( 19 ) : 222 – 227 .
   Google Scholar
• Yang , W. , Fan , G. , Ren , W. , Wang , Z. , Yu , Z. and Yu , S. 2005b . Physiological effect of uniconazole waterless-dressed seeds on root and leaf of wheat . Scientia Agricultura Sinica , 38 ( 7 ) : 1339 – 1345 .
   Google Scholar
• Yang , W. , Xiang , Z. , Ren , W. and Wang , X. 2005c . Effect of S-3307 on nitrogen metabolism and grain protein content in rice . Chinese Journal of Rice Science , 19 ( 1 ) : 65 – 69 .
   Google Scholar
• Yang , W. , Yong , T. , Ren , W. , Fan , G. , Mu , J. and Lu , X. 2008 . Develop relay-planting soybean, revitalize soybean industry . Soybean Science , 27 ( 1 ) : 1 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Yong , T. , Yang , W. , Ren , W. , Fan , G. and Mu , J. 2007 . Promotion of soybean industry by popularization of relay-planting soybean in Sichuan Province . Crops , 6 : 5 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhang , J. , Liu , W. , Chen , X. , Yang , W. and Smith , D. L. 2011 . Non-hydraulic root-sourced signaling and grain yield stability under shade of maize during progressive soil drying in soybean . African Journal of Agricultural Research , 6 ( 27 ) : 5905 – 5910 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , J. , Smith , D. L. , Liu , W. , Chen , X. and Yang , W. 2011 . Effects of shade and drought stress on soybean hormones and yield of main stem and branch . African Journal of Biotechnology , 10 ( 65 ) : 14392 – 14398 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou , W. , Zhao , D. and Lin , X. 1997 . Effects of waterlogging on nitrogen accumulation and alleviation of waterlogging damage by application of nitrogen fertilizer and mixtalol in winter rape (Brassica napus L.) . Journal of Plant Growth Regulation , 16 ( 1 ) : 47 – 53 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar