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Original Articles

What Is Communicated

Pages 15-19 | Published online: 30 Jan 2008

  • T. H. Pear , Remembering and Forgetting . London : Methuen and Company , 1922 .
  • I. A. Richards , Practical Criticism. A Study of Literary Judgment , p. 10 . New York : Harcourt, Brace and Company , 1929 .
  • Winifred H. Nash , “Educating the High-School Student's Sense of Humor,” The English Leaflet , 1938 , 37 .
  • S. I. Hayakawa , “Ways in Which Passages Are Misinterpreted and Possible Explanations,” Reading in Relation to Experience and Language , pp. 84 – 89 , compiled and edited by William S. Gray . Supplementary Educational Monographs , No. 58. Chicago : University of Chicago Press , 1944 .
  • Ruth Strang , Explorations in Reading Patterns . Chicago : University of Chicago Press , 1942 .
  • Philip E. Vernon, unpublished report, London, England.
  • William P. Wharton , “Effect of Picture-Forming Words on Readability,” doctoral dissertation, Columbia University , 1952 .
  • “Fear, like anger, stops the flow of the digestive juices. In India a test was once used to tell whether or not a prisoner was guilty of a crime. The man was given a handful of dry rice to put in his mouth. He was told to keep the rice in his mouth a few minutes. If the prisoner had committed a crime and was very much frightened, his saliva would stop flowing and the rice would remain dry. If he was not guilty and had no fear of being punished, his saliva would flow as usual and the rice would be wet.”
  • “For centuries Puerto Rico belonged to Spain. The Spaniards erected two stone forts to guard the entrance to the bay of San Juan. These forts protected the city from pirates and from the English 'sea dogs,' such as Sir Francis Drake. Spain had to struggle to keep her island possessions in this region, which was called the Spanish Main.”
  • “The carrying of goods by land is the story, first of the use of humans, then of animals, then of wheels, and then of tracks. Perhaps today we might add, 'wings.' When the earliest man traveled, it was by 'shoe leather express,' except that perhaps he had no shoes. Man carried goods on his back or on poles over his shoulders. After a time he made animals, such as camels and donkeys, do the carrying. Then wheels were invented. They could go more easily and rapidly and carry more goods than the heavily laden pack animals, except over snow, and then sledges could be used.”
  • “There was an old man with a beard Who said, ‘It is just as I feared!An owl and a hen Four larks and awren Have all built their nests in my beard!‘”

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