Notes
- While Marx's labor theory of value has generally been discredited, the position of this article is that the essential nature of the paradoxes he identified continues unchanged.
- Karl Marx: Early Writings , trans. Rodney Livingston and Gregor Benton ( New York : Vintage Books , 1975 ), p. 325 .
- See, for example, Raymond Callahan , Education and the Cult of Efficiency ( Chicago : University of Chicago Press , 1962 ).
- William Chandler Bagley , Craftsmanship in Teaching ( New York : The Mac-millan Company , 1911 ), p. 44 .
- Typical of this effort is Franklin Bobbitt , How to Make a Curriculum ( Boston : Houghton Mifflin Company , 1924 ).
- Recently teachers have received an abundance of criticism in the popular literature. Common to this literature is the theme that what is wrong with education is the fault of the teachers. Typical of this kind of reporting is “ Help Teacher Can't Teach ,” Time , June 16, 1980 .
- Robert V. Bullough , Jr. , Stanley L. Goldstein , and Ladd Holt , “ Rational Curriculum: Teachers and Alienation” (Paper presented at the Airlie Farm Curriculum Conference sponsored by the Journal of Curriculum Theorizing , Airlie , Virginia , October 30, 1980 ).