Notes
- While neither those who advocate values clarification nor Kohl berg offer a specific definition of indoctrination, it is clear from their writings that they use the term to refer to the influencing of students toward or away from any particular content.
- Louis E. Raths , Merrill Harmin and Sidney B. Simon , Values and Teaching ( Columbus , Oh. : Charles E. Merrill , 1966 ), p. 28 .
- Ibid.
- Ibid. , Chapter 5 . This chapter offers a detailed discussion of the clarifying response, from which these examples were taken.
- Several manuals, each containing numerous exercises, have been published. In addition to Raths, Harmin, and Simon, Values and Teaching , see Howard Kirschenbaum , Advanced Value Clarification ( La Jolla , Ca. : University Associates , 1977 ); Sidney B. Simon, Leland Howe, and Howard Kirschenbaum, Values Clarification: A Handbook of Practical Strategies for Teachers and Students (New York: Hart, 1972); Sidney B. Simon and Sally Wendkos Olds, Helping Your Child Learn Right From Wrong: A Guide to Values Clarification (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976).
- Raths , Harmin , and Simon , Values and Teaching , pp. 106 – 07
- Ibid. , p. 77 .
- Ibid. , p. 170 .
- Sidney Simon , “Values Clarification Versus Indoctrination,” Social Education , December 1971 .
- Simon and Olds, Helping Your Child , p. 192 .
- Lawrence Kohlberg , “The Cognitive-Developmental Approach to Moral Education,” Phi Delta Kappan 56 ( June 1975 ): 671 – 72
- Lawrence Kohlberg , “The Child as Moral Philosopher,” in Readings in Values Clarification , ed. Sidney Simon and Howard Kirschenbaum ( Minneapolis : Winston , 1973 ), p. 54 ; appeared originally in Psychology Today, September 1968.
- Ibid. , p. 59 .
- Kohlberg, “ The Cognitive-Developmental Approach ,” p. 674 .
- Ibid.
- Lawrence Kohlberg, “ Moral Education Reappraised ,” Humanist , November/December 1978 , p. 15 .
- Ibid. , p. 14 .