References
- The members of the public who still give American schools an “ A ” rating has declined from 18% in 1974 to 8% in 1982. Those giving the schools a “C” rating were 21% in 1974 and 33% in1982. See George H. Gallup, “The 14th Annual Gallup Poll of the Public's Attitudes Toward the Public Schools,” Phi Delta Kappan 64 (September 1982): 39.
- Arthur E. Bestor , The Restoration of Learning: A Program for Redeeming the Unfulfilled Promise of American Education ( New York : Alfred A. Knopf , 1955 ); Mortimer B. Smith, The Diminished Mind: A Study of Planned Mediocrity in Our Public Schools (Chicago: Henry Regnery, 1954); James B. Conant, The American High School Today: A First Report to Interested Citizens (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959), and The Education of American Teachers (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963).
- George Steiner , In Bluebeard's Castle: Some Notes towards the Redefinition of Culture ( New Haven : Yale University Press , 1970 ), p. 3 .
- Michael B. Katz , The Irony of Early School Reform: Educational Innovation in Mid-Nineteenth Century Massachusetts ( Boston : Beacon Press , 1968 ), p. 1 . Colin Greer has described the “Great School Legend” somewhat more flamboyantly in The Great School Legend (New York: Viking Books, 1973), pp. 3–4: Once upon a time there was a great nation that became great because of its public schools .… The public school system, … built American democracy. It took the backward, poor, the ragged, ill-prepared ethnic minorities who crowded into the cities, educated and Americanized them into the homogeneous productive middle class that is America's strength and pride.
- Bernard Bailyn , Education in the Forming of American Society: Needs and Opportunities for Study ( New York : W. W. Norton , 1972 ); Lawrence A. Cremin, The Wonderful World of Ellwood Paterson Cubherley (New York: Teachers College Press, 1965); Raymond E. Callahan, Education and the Cult of Efficiency (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962).
- For a detailed and critical review of the revisionists and their interpretation of American educational history, see Diane Ravitch , “The Revisionists Revised: Studies in the Historiography of American Education,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Education ( 1977 ): pp. 1 – 84 or the version, The Revisionists Revised: A Critique of the Radical Attack on Schools (New York: Basic Books, 1978). A response by the revisionists to Ravitch's critique is included in Walter Feinberg, Harvey Kantor, Michael Katz and Paul Violas Revisionists Respond to Ravitch (Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Education, 1980).
- Walter Feinberg , “Revisionist Scholarship and the Problem of Historical Context,” Teachers College Record 78 ( February 1977 ): 310 .
- Steiner , In Bluebeard's Castle , p. 5 .
- Ibid.
- John Egerton , “The Goals of Education Must Have a Fair Trial,” Education Week (September 8, 1982 ): 22 .
- David B. Tyack , “Reformulating the Purposes of Public Education in an Era of Retrenchment,” Educational Studies ( Spring 1980 ): 50 .
- Ibid , p. 62 .
- Ibid.
- George S. Counts , Dare the School Build a New Social Order? ( New York : John Day , 1932 ).