The power of the word: students’ and school staff’s use of the established bullying definition

References

• Allen, K. P. 2015. ““We Don’t Have Bullying, but We Have Drama”: Understandings of Bullying and Related Constructs within the Social Milieu of a U.S. High School.” Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment 25 (3): 159–181.10.1080/10911359.2014.893857
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arseneault, L. , L. Bowes , and S. Shakoor . 2010. “Bullying Victimization in Youths and Mental Health Problems: ‘Much Ado about Nothing’?” Psychological Medicine 40 (5): 717–729.10.1017/S0033291709991383
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bansel, P. , B. Davies , C. Laws , and S. Linnell . 2009. “Bullies, Bullying and Power in the Contexts of Schooling.” British Journal of Sociology of Education 30 (1): 59–69.10.1080/01425690802514391
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chalmers, C. , M. A. Campbell , B. A. Spears , D. Butler , D. Cross , P. Slee , and S. Kift . 2016. “School Policies on Bullying and Cyberbullying: Perspectives across Three Australian States.” Educational Research 58 (1): 91–109.10.1080/00131881.2015.1129114
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charmaz, K. 2014. Constructing Grounded Theory . London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Cheng, Y.-Y. , L.-M. Chen , H.-C. Ho , and C.-L. Cheng . 2011. “Definitions of School Bullying in Taiwan: A Comparison of Multiple Perspectives.” School Psychology International 32 (3): 227–243.10.1177/0143034311404130
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornell, D. , A. Gregory , F. Huang , and X. Fan . 2013. “Perceived Prevalence of Teasing and Bullying Predicts High School Dropout Rates.” Journal of Educational Psychology 105 (1): 138–149.10.1037/a0030416
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig, K. , D. Bell , and A. Leschied . 2011. “Pre-Service Teachers’ Knowledge and Attitudes regarding School-Based Bullying.” Canadian Journal of Education 34 (2): 21–33.
   Google Scholar
• DeOrnellas, K. , and A. Spurgin . 2017. “Teachers’ Perspectives on Bullying.” In Bullying in School , edited by L. Rosen , K. DeOrnellas and S. Scott , 49–68. New York : Palgrave Macmillan.10.1057/978-1-137-59298-9
   Google Scholar
• Dixon, R. , and P. K. Smith . 2011. Rethinking School Bullying . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511976179
   Google Scholar
• Ellwood, C. , and B. Davies . 2010. “Violence and the Moral Order in Contemporary Schooling: A Discursive Analysis.” Qualitative Research in Psychology 7 (2): 85–98.10.1080/14780880802477598
   Google Scholar
• Eriksen, I. M. , and S. Lyng . 2015. Skolers Arbeid Med Elevenes Psykososiale Miljø: Gode Strategier, Blinde Flekker Og Harde Nøtter [Schools’ Strategies for Fostering a Positive Psychosocial Environment]. Oslo: NOVA.10.7577/nova/rapporter/2015/14
   Google Scholar
• Eriksen, I. M. , and S. T. Lyng . 2016. “Relational Aggression among Boys: Blind Spots and Hidden Dramas.” Gender and Education 4: 1–14. doi:10.1080/09540253.2016.1214691.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forsberg, C. 2017. “Bullying and Negotiated Identities: Perspectives of 7th and 8th Grade Girls.” Children & Society 31: 414–426. doi:10.1111/chso.12212.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldsmid, S. , and P. Howie . 2014. “Bullying by Definition: An Examination of Definitional Components of Bullying.” Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties 19 (2): 210–225.10.1080/13632752.2013.844414
   Google Scholar
• Gubrium, J. F. , and J. A. Holstein . 2009. Analyzing Narrative Reality . Los Angeles : Sage.10.4135/9781452234854
   Google Scholar
• Guerra, N. G. , K. R. Williams , and S. Sadek . 2011. “Understanding Bullying and Victimization during Childhood and Adolescence: A Mixed Methods Study.” Child Development 82 (1): 295–310.10.1111/cdev.2011.82.issue-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harger, B. 2016. “You Say Bully, I Say Bullied: School Culture and Definitions of Bullying in Two Elementary Schools.” In Education and Youth Today , edited by Y. Besen-Cassino , 93–121. Emerald: Bingley.
   Google Scholar
• Hepburn, A. 1997. “Teachers and Secondary School Bullying: A Postmodern Discourse Analysis.” Discourse & Society 8 (1): 27–48.10.1177/0957926597008001003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong, J. S. , and D. L. Espelage . 2012. “A Review of Mixed Methods Research on Bullying and Peer Victimization in School.” Educational Review 64 (1): 115–126.10.1080/00131911.2011.598917
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jimerson, S. R. , S. M. Swearer , and D. L. Espelage . 2009. Handbook of Bullying in Schools: An International Perspective . New York : Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Lereya, S. T. , W. E. Copeland , E. J. Costello , and D. Wolke . 2015. “Adult Mental Health Consequences of Peer Bullying and Maltreatment in Childhood: Two Cohorts in Two Countries.” The Lancet Psychiatry 2 (6): 524–531.10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00165-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maunder, R. E. , A. Harrop , and A. J. Tattersall . 2010. “Pupil and Staff Perceptions of Bullying in Secondary Schools: Comparing Behavioural Definitions and Their Perceived Seriousness.” Educational Research 52 (3): 263–282.10.1080/00131881.2010.504062
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Migliaccio, T. 2015. “Teacher Engagement with Bullying: Managing an Identity within a School.” Sociological Spectrum 35 (1): 84–108.10.1080/02732173.2014.978430
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishna, F. , I. Scarcello , D. Pepler , and J. Wiener . 2005. “Teachers’ Understanding of Bullying.” Canadian Journal of Education/Revue Canadienne De L'éducation 28 (4): 718–738.10.2307/4126452
   Google Scholar
• Naylor, P. , H. Cowie , F. Cossin , R. Bettencourt , and F. Lemme . 2006. “Teachers' and Pupils' Definitions of Bullying.” British Journal of Educational Psychology 76 (3): 553–576.10.1348/000709905X52229
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olweus, D. 1993. Bullying in Schools: What We Know and What We Can Do . Oxford: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Rawlings, V. 2016. Gender Regulation, Violence and Social Hierarchies in School: ‘Sluts’, ‘Gays’ and ‘Scrubs’ . London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Rigby, K. 2003. “Consequences of Bullying in Schools.” The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 48 (9): 583–590.10.1177/070674370304800904
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ringrose, J. 2008. “‘Just Be Friends’: Exposing the Limits of Educational Bully Discourses for Understanding Teen Girls’ Heterosexualized Friendships and Conflicts.” British Journal of Sociology of Education 29 (5): 509–522.10.1080/01425690802263668
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ringrose, J. , and V. Rawlings . 2015. “Posthuman Performativity, Gender and ‘school Bullying’: Exploring the Material-Discursive Intra-Actions of Skirts, Hair, Sluts, and Poofs.” Confero: Essays on Education, Philosophy and Politics 3 (2): 80–119.10.3384/confero.2001-4562
   Google Scholar
• Ringrose, J. , and E. Renold . 2010. “Normative Cruelties and Gender Deviants: The Performative Effects of Bully Discourses for Girls and Boys in School.” British Educational Research Journal 36 (4): 573–596.10.1080/01411920903018117
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan, A. , and M. Morgan . 2011. “Bullying in Secondary Schools: Through a Discursive Lens.” Kotuitui: New Zealand Journal of Social Sciences Online 6 (1–2): 1–14.
   Google Scholar
• Salmivalli, C. , and E. Nieminen . 2002. “Proactive and Reactive Aggression among School Bullies, Victims, and Bully-Victims.” Aggressive Behavior 28 (1): 30–44.10.1002/(ISSN)1098-2337
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, P. K. , K. C. Madsen , and J. C. Moody . 1999. “What Causes the Age Decline in Reports of Being Bullied at School? Towards a Developmental Analysis of Risks of Being Bullied.” Educational Research 41 (3): 267–285.10.1080/0013188990410303
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Søndergaard, D. M. 2012. “Bullying and Social Exclusion Anxiety in Schools.” British Journal of Sociology of Education 33 (3): 355–372.10.1080/01425692.2012.662824
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swearer, S. M. , D. L. Espelage , T. Vaillancourt , and S. Hymel . 2010. “What Can Be Done about School Bullying?.” Educational Researcher 39 (1): 38–47.10.3102/0013189X09357622
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teräsahjo, T. , and C. Salmivalli . 2003. ““She is Not Actually Bullied.” the Discourse of Harassment in Student Groups.” Aggressive Behavior 29 (2): 134–154.10.1002/ab.10045
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Norwegian Directorate for Education and Training . 2017. Rundskriv Skolemiljø [Circular about school environment], Udir-3-2017 . https://www.udir.no/regelverk-og-tilsyn/finn-regelverk/etter-tema/Laringsmiljo/skolemiljo-udir-3-2017/?depth=0&print=1#.2-nar-gjelder-aktivitetsplikten
   Google Scholar
• Thornberg, R. 2011. “‘She’s Weird!’: The Social Construction of Bullying in School: A Review of Qualitative Research.” Children and Society 25: 258–267.10.1111/chso.2011.25.issue-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thornberg, R. 2015. “Distressed Bullies, Social Positioning and Odd Victims: Young People’s Explanations of Bullying.” Children & Society 29 (1): 15–25.10.1111/chso.2014.29.issue-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vivolo-Kantor, A. M. , B. N. Martell , K. M. Holland , and R. Westby . 2014. “A Systematic Review and Content Analysis of Bullying and Cyber-Bullying Measurement Strategies.” Aggression and Violent Behavior 19 (4): 423–434.10.1016/j.avb.2014.06.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walton, G. 2011. “Spinning Our Wheels: Reconceptualizing Bullying beyond Behaviour-Focused Approaches.” Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 32 (1): 131–144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winton, S. , and S. Tuters . 2015. “Constructing Bullying in Ontario, Canada: A Critical Policy Analysis.” Educational Studies 41 (1–2): 122–142.10.1080/03055698.2014.955737
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar