Segregation and the attainment gap for permanently disadvantaged pupils in England

References

• Alam, A., Baez, J., & Del Carpio, X. (2011). Does cash for schools influence young women’s behavior in the longer term? Evidence from Pakistan (Policy Research Paper No. 5669). World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Angrist, J., & Lavy, V. (2009). The effects of high stakes high school achievement awards: Evidence from a randomized trial. American Economic Review, 99(4), 1384–1414. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.99.4.1384
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker, B., Sciarra, D., & Farrie, D. (2014). Is school funding fair? A national report card. Education Law Center, Rutgers Graduate School of Education. https://edlawcenter.org/assets/files/pdfs/publications/Is_School_Funding_Fair_7th_Editi.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Barrera-Osorio, F., Cilliers, J., Cloutier, M., & Filmer, D. (2021). Heterogenous teacher effects of two incentive schemes. World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/35565/Heterogenous-Teacher-Effects-of-Two-Incentive-Schemes-Evidence-from-a-Low-Income-Country.pdf?sequence=1
   Google Scholar
• Barrett, D. (2018). The effective design, implementation and enforcement of socio-economic equality duties: Lessons from the pupil premium. Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law, 40(1), 57–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/09649069.2018.1414375
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bastagli, F. (2010). Poverty, inequality and public cash transfers: Lessons from Latin America (Background Paper for the European Report on Development (ERD) 2010 on Social Protection for Inclusive Development). Florence: European University Institute. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/36840
   Google Scholar
• Behrman, J., Parker, S., Todd, P., & Wolpin, K. (2015). Aligning learning incentives of students and teachers: Results from a social experiment in Mexican high schools. Journal of Political Economy, 123(2), 325–364. https://doi.org/10.1086/675910
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bettinger, E. (2010). Paying to learn: The effect of financial incentives on elementary school test scores (NBER Working Paper No. 16333). National Bureau of Economic Research.
   Google Scholar
• Bhattacharya, S. (2021). Intergroup contact and its effects on discriminatory attitudes. Evidence from India (WIDER Working Paper 2021/42). United Nations University.
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter, H., Papps, I., Bragg, J., Dyson, A., Harris, D., Kerr, K., & Laing, K. (2013). Evaluation of pupil premium (DfE-RR282). Department for Education. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/243919/DFE-RR282.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Cerna, L. (2013). The nature of policy change and implementation. OECD https://www.oecd.org/education/ceri/The Nature of Policy Change and Implementation.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Chaudry, A., & Wimer, C. (2016). Poverty is not just an indicator: The relationship between income, poverty, and child well-being. Academic Pediatrics, 16(3), S23–S29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2015.12.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Children’s World Report. (2020). A unique worldwide view of children’s perspectives. https://isciweb.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Summary-Comparative-Report-2020.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Clotfelter, C., Ladd, H., & Vigdor, J. (2005). Who teaches whom? Race and the distribution of novice teachers. Economics of Education Review, 24(4), 377–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2004.06.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper, K., & Stewart, K. (2021). Does household income affect children’s outcomes? A systematic review of the evidence. Child Indicators Research, 41, 981–1005. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-020-09782-0
   Google Scholar
• Copeland, J. (2019). A critical reflection on the reasoning behind, and effectiveness of, the application of the Pupil Premium Grant within primary schools. Management in Education, 33(2), 70–76. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892020618781234
   Google Scholar
• Craske, J. (2018). ‘You can’t show impact with a new pair of shoes’: Negotiating disadvantage through Pupil Premium. Journal of Education Policy, 33(4), 526–557. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2018.1435908
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danhier, J. (2018). How big is the handicap for disadvantaged pupils in segregated school settings? British Journal of Educational Studies, 66(3), 341–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071005.2017.1322682
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DfE. (2014). Measuring disadvantaged pupils’ attainment gaps over time (updated): Statistical working paper. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/398657/SFR_40_2014_Measuring_disadvantaged_pupils_attainment_gaps_over_time__updated_.pdf
   Google Scholar
• DfE. (2018a). Opportunity area programme. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/opportunity-area-programme-research-and-analysis
   Google Scholar
• DfE. (2018b). Revised GCSE and equivalent results in England, 2016 to 2017 (SRF 01/2018). https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/676596/SFR01_2018.pdf
   Google Scholar
• DfE. (2019). Pupil premium: Funding and accountability for schools. https://www.gov.uk/guidance/pupil-premium-information-for-schools-and-alternative-provision-settings?utm_source=2e5c52b2-c00c-4268-82c5-e809ff49194d%26utm_medium=email%26utm_campaign=govuk-notifications%26utm_content=immediate#measuring-the-effectiveness-of-your-approach
   Google Scholar
• Dickerson, A., Maragkou, K., & McIntosh, S. (2018). The causal effect of secondary school peers on educational aspirations (CVER Discussion Paper Series - 2398-7553). Centre for Vocational Education Research. http://cver.lse.ac.uk/textonly/cver/pubs/cverdp017.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Education Endowment Foundation. (2017). The attainment gap. https://educationendowmentfoundation.org.uk/public/files/Annual_Reports/EEF_Attainment_Gap_Report_2018_-_print.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Education Policy Institute. (2017, August). Closing the gap? Trends in educational attainment and disadvantage. https://epi.org.uk/publications-and-research/closing-gaptrends-educational-attainment-disadvantage/
   Google Scholar
• Exley, S. (2015, February 4). Pupil premium ‘has failed to close attainment gap’, thinktank claims. Times Educational Supplement.
   Google Scholar
• Feng, L. (2014). Teacher placement, mobility, and occupational choices after teaching. Education Economics, 22(1), 24–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/09645292.2010.511841
   Google Scholar
• Freedman, S., & Horner, S. (2008). School funding and social justice. Policy Exchange. https://www.policyexchange.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/school-funding-and-social-justice-oct-08-3.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Fryer, R. (2010). Financial incentives and student achievement: Evidence from randomized trials (NBER Working Paper No. 15898). National Bureau of Economic Research.
   Google Scholar
• Gorard, S. (2015). The complex determinants of school intake characteristics, England 1989 to 2014. Cambridge Journal of Education, 46(1), 131–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764X.2015.1045446
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorard, S. (2018). Education policy: Evidence of equity and effectiveness. Policy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gorard, S. (2020). Handling missing data in numeric analyses. International Journal of Social Research Methods, 23(6), 651–660. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2020.1729974
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorard, S. (2021). What is the evidence on the impact of Pupil Premium funding on school intakes and attainment by age 16 in England? [Working Paper available from the author].
   Google Scholar
• Gorard, S., & See, B. H. (2013). Do parental involvement interventions increase attainment? A review of the evidence. The Nuffield Foundation. http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/sites/default/files/files/Do_parental_involvement_interventions_increase_attainment1.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Gorard, S., See, B. H., & Siddiqui, N. (2017). The trials of evidence-based education. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Gorard, S., & Siddiqui, N. (2019). How trajectories of disadvantage help explain school attainment. SAGE Open. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244018825171
   Google Scholar
• Gorard, S., Siddiqui, N., & See, B. H. (2019). The difficulties of judging what difference the Pupil Premium has made to school intakes and outcomes in England. Research Papers in Education, 36(3), 355–379. https://doi.org/10.1080/02671522.2019.1677759
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorard, S., Siddiqui, N., & See, B. H. (2021). Assessing the impact of Pupil Premium funding on primary school segregation and attainment. Research Papers in Education. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/02671522.2021.1907775
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorard, S., & Smith, E. (2010). Equity in education. Palgrave.
   Google Scholar
• Gov.uk. (2010) Government announces pupil premium to raise achievement. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/government-announces-pupil-premium-to-raise-achievement
   Google Scholar
• Gov.uk. (n.d.). School admissions. https://www.gov.uk/schools-admissions/admissions-criteria
   Google Scholar
• Hanushek, E., Peterson, P., Talpey, L., & Woessmann, L. (2019). The achievement gap fails to close: Half century of testing shows persistent divide between haves and have-nots. Education Next, 19(3), 8–17. http://hanushek.stanford.edu/publications/achievement-gap-fails-close-half-centurytesting-shows-persistent-divide-between-haves
   Google Scholar
• Henry, G., Fortner, C., & Thompson, C. (2010). Targeted funding for educationally disadvantaged students: A regression discontinuity estimate of the impact on high school student achievement. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 32(2), 183–204. https://doi.org/10.3102/0162373710370620
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hewstone, M., Ramiah, A., Schmid, K., Floe, C., van Zalk, M., Wolfer, R., & New, R. (2018). Influence of segregation versus mixing: Intergroup contact and attitudes among White-British and Asian-British students in high schools in Oldham, England. Theory and Research in Education, 16(2), 179–203. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477878518779879
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holford, A. (2015). The labour supply effect of education maintenance allowance and its implications for parental altruism (IZA Discussion Paper No. 8822). SSRN. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2564955
   Google Scholar
• Holmlund, H., McNally, S., & Viarengo, M. (2010). Does money matter for schools? Economics of Education Review, 29(6), 1154–1164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2010.06.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchinson, J., Reader, M., & Akhal, A. (2020). Education in England: Annual report 2020. Education Policy Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Lavy, V. (2002). Evaluating the effect of teachers’ group performance incentives on pupil achievement. Journal of Political Economy, 110(6), 1286–1317. https://doi.org/10.1086/342810
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long, R., & Danechi, S. (2020). Special educational needs and disability support. House of Commons Library https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/special-educational-needs-and-disability-support-rescuing-the-reforms/
   Google Scholar
• Lorenz, G., Boda, Z., Salikutluk, Z., & Jansen, M. (2020). Social influence or selection? Peer effects on the development of adolescents’ educational expectations in Germany. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 41(5), 643–669. https://doi.org/10.1080/01425692.2020.1763163
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mbiti, I., Muralidharan, K., Romero, M., Schipper, Y., Manda, C., & Rajani, R. (2019). Inputs, incentives, and complementarities in education: Experimental evidence from Tanzania. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 134(3), 1627–1673. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjz010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minorini, P., & Sugarman, S. (1999). School finance litigation in the name of educational equity: Its evolution, impact, and future. In H. Ladd, R. Chalk, & J. Hansen (Eds.), Equity and adequacy in education finance: Issues and perspectives (pp. 34–71). National Research Council.
   Google Scholar
• National Audit Office. (2015, June). Funding for disadvantaged pupils. https://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Fundingfor-disadvantaged-pupils.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Public Accounts Committee. (2015, October 9) Funding for disadvantaged pupils (HC 327).
   Google Scholar
• Reichelt, M., Collischon, M., & Eberl, A. (2019). School tracking and its role in social reproduction: Reinforcing educational inheritance and the direct effects of social origin. The British Journal of Sociology, 70(4), 4. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12655
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riccio, J., Dechausay, N., Greenberg, D., Miller, C., Rucks, Z., & Verma, N. (2010). Toward reduced poverty across generations: Early findings from New York City’s conditional cash transfer program. MDRC.
   Google Scholar
• Roberts, N., Foster, D., & Long, R. (2021). The Pupil Premium. House of Commons Library Briefing Paper 6700.
   Google Scholar
• Schools Week. (2021, March 31). Schools face new checks to ensure pupil premium spending ‘backed by evidence’. Schools Week.
   Google Scholar
• Social Mobility Commission. (2019). State of the nation 2018-19. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/798404/SMC_State_of_the_Nation_Report_2018-19.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Tao, L., Li, H., Rozelle, S., & Zhang, L. (2010 Cash incentives, peer tutoring, and parental involvement: A study of three educational inputs in a randomized field experiment in China. International initiative for impact evaluation. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Linxiu-Zhang/publication/265006043_Cash_Incentives_Peer_Tutoring_and_Parental_Involvement_A_Study_of_Three_Educational_Inputs_in_a_Randomized_Field_Experiment_in_China/links/543bb0b00cf24a6ddb97864a/Cash-Incentives-Peer-Tutoring-and-Parental-Involvement-A-Study-of-Three-Educational-Inputs-in-a-Randomized-Field-Experiment-in-China.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Toutkoushian, R., & Michael, R. (2007). An alternative approach to measuring horizontal and vertical equity in school funding. Journal of Education Finance, 32(4), 395–421. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ761694
   Google Scholar
• Whittaker, F. (2021, March 5). Narrowing attainment gap stopped being ‘main focus’ of DfE in 2015, says former permanent secretary. Schools Week. https://schoolsweek.co.uk/narrowing-attainment-gap-stopped-being-main-focus-of-dfe-in-2015-says-former-permanent-secretary/
   Google Scholar