Publication Cover
Educational Studies
A Journal of the American Educational Studies Association
Volume 56, 2020 - Issue 1
522
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ARTICLES

Vice, On the Basis of Sex, and the Liberal Imagination: Villainification and Heroification in Popular Political Film

References

  • Abramowitz, A. I., & McCoy, J. (2019). United States: Racial resentment, negative partisanship, and polarization in Trump’s America. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 681(1), 137–156. doi:10.1177/0002716218811309
  • Abramowitz, A. I., & Webster, S. (2016). The rise of negative partisanship and the nationalization of U.S. elections in the 21st century. Electoral Studies, 41, 12–22. doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2015.11.001
  • Alridge, D. (2006). The limits of master narratives in history textbooks: An analysis of representations of Martin Luther King, Jr. Teachers College Record, 108(4), 662–686. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9620.2006.00664.x
  • Anonymous, (1996). Primary colors: A novel of politics. New York, NY: Warner Books.
  • Baron, J., & Jost, J. T. (2019). False equivalence: Are liberals and conservatives in the U.S. equally “biased”? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 14(2), 292–303.
  • Bay, M. (Producer & Director), & Stoff, E. (Producer). (2016). 13 Hours: The secret soldiers of Benghazi [Motion Picture]. United States: Paramount.
  • Beauchamp, Z. (2019, January 23). The real politics behind the Covington Catholic controversy, explained. Vox. Retrieved from https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/1/23/18192831/covington-catholic-maga-hat-native-american-nathan-phillips
  • Beck, B. (2018). Guess who’s coming to the Oscars: Multicultural breakthroughs in “Black Panther” and other recent movies. Multicultural Perspectives, 20(3), 162–166. doi:10.1080/15210960.2018.1482170
  • Bigelow, K. (Producer & Director), Boal, M. (Producer), & Ellison, M. (Producer). (2012). Zero dark thirty [Motion Picture]./italic> United States: Columbia Pictures.
  • Borman, M. (Producer), Kilik, J. (Producer), Block, B. (Producer), Hanson, P. (Producer), Kopeloff, E. (Producer)., & Stone, O. (Director). (2008). W. [Motion Picture]. United States: Global Entertainment.
  • Brown, A. L., & Brown, K. D. (2010). Strange fruit indeed: Interrogating contemporary textbook representations of racial violence toward African Americans. Teachers College Record, 112, 31–67.
  • Bucciferro, C. (Ed.). (2016). The X-Men films: A cultural analysis. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Budak, C., Goel, S., & Rao, J. (2016). Fair and balanced? Quantifying media bias through crowdsourced content analysis. Public Opinion Quarterly, 80(S1), 250–271. doi:10.1093/poq/nfw007
  • Ceplair, L., & Englund, S. (2003). The inquisition in Hollywood: Politics in the film community, 1930–60. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
  • Cort, R. W. (Producer)., & Leder, M. (Director). (2018). On the basis of sex [Motion Picture]. United States: Focus Features.
  • Delli Carpini, M. X., & Keeter, S. (1996). What Americans know about politics and why it matters. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • den Heyer, K., & van Kessel, C. (2015). Evil, agency, and citizenship education. McGill Journal of Education, 50, 1–18. doi:10.7202/1036107ar
  • Dusso, A., & Kennedy, S. S. (2015). Does ignorance matter? The relative importance of civic knowledge and the human tendency to engage in motivated reasoning. Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs, 1(1), 59–72. doi:10.20899/jpna.1.1.59-72
  • Freire, P. (2000). Pedagogy of the oppressed (M. B. Ramos, Trans.). New York, NY: Bloomsbury. (Original work published 1970)
  • Gallup (n.d.). Presidential approval ratings—George W. Bush. Retrieved from https://news.gallup.com/poll/116500/presidential-approval-ratings-george-bush.aspx
  • Gandhi, V. (Producer & Director), O’Keefe, D. (Producer), Schwartzman, T. (Producer), & Stillman, B. (Producer). (2016). Barry [Motion Picture]. United States: Netflix.
  • Garrett, H. J. (2019). Why does fake news work? On the psychosocial dynamics of learning, belief, and citizenship. In W. Journell (Ed.), Unpacking fake news: An educator’s guide to navigating the media with students (pp. 15–29). New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
  • Gilbert, L. (2019). “Assassin’s Creed reminds us that history is human experience”: Students’ senses of empathy while playing a narrative video game. Theory & Research in Social Education, 47, 108–137. doi:10.1080/00933104.2018.1560713
  • Giroux, H. A. (1999). The mouse that roared: Disney and the end of innocence. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Giroux, H. A. (2002). Breaking in to the movies: Film and the culture of politics. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
  • Gonzales, E. (2018, January 7). Women open up about wearing black on the Golden Globes red carpet. Harper’s Bazaar. Retrieved from https://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/red-carpet-dresses/a14773793/celebrities-wearing-black-golden-globes-quotes-2018/
  • Graff, G. M. (2019). The only plane in the sky: An oral history of 9/11. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
  • Groseclose, T. (2011). Left turn: How liberal media bias distorts the American mind. New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press.
  • Howard, A. (2015, June 2). Dick Cheney embraces the Darth Vader meme. MSNBC. Retrieved from http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/dick-cheney-embraces-the-darth-vader-meme
  • Jerkins, M. (2019, January 13). Obsessing over Ruth Bader Ginsburg’s health is bad for her, bad for us and bad for democracy. The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/obsessing-over-ruth-bader-ginsburgs-health-is-bad-for-her-bad-for-us-and-bad-for-democracy/2019/01/13/94065d9a-15ae-11e9-803c-4ef28312c8b9_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.0f55582aa4f6
  • Johnson, M. W. (2019). Trump, Kaepernick, and MLK as “maybe citizens”: Early elementary African American males’ analysis of citizenship. Theory & Research in Social Education, 47, 374–395.
  • Journell, W. (2013). What preservice social studies teachers (don’t) know about politics and current events—A why it matters. Theory & Research in Social Education, 41, 316–351. doi:10.1080/00933104.2013.812050
  • Journell, W. (2017). Teaching politics in secondary education: Engaging with contentious issues. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
  • Journell, W. (in press). Exacerbating existing divides: Fake news, desire, and partisanship. In T. L. Heafner (Ed.), The divide within: Intersections of realities, facts, theories, and practices. Charlotte, NC: Information Age.
  • Journell, W., & Clark, C. H. (2019). Political memes and the limits of media literacy. In W. Journell (Ed.), Unpacking fake news: An educator's guide to navigating the media with students (pp. 109–125). New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
  • Kahne, J., & Bowyer, B. (2017). Educating for democracy in a partisan age: Confronting the challenges of motivated reasoning and misinformation. American Educational Research Journal, 54(1), 3–34.
  • Kellner, D. (2010). Cinema wars: Hollywood film and politics in the Bush-Cheney era. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Kopelson, A. (Producer), & Stone, O. (Director). (1986). Platoon [Motion Picture]. United States: Hemdale Film.
  • Kraemer, K. R. (2007). Solidarity in action: Exploring the work of allies in social movements. Peace & Change, 32, 20–38.
  • Kubrick, S. (Producer & Director). (1987). Full metal jacket [Motion Picture]. United States: Warner Bros.
  • Loewen, J. W. (2007). Lies my teacher told me: Everything your American history textbook got wrong. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
  • Macedo, D., & Steinberg, S. (Eds.) (2009). Media literacy: A reader. New York, NY: Peter Lang.
  • Marcus, A. S., Metzger, S. A., Paxton, R. J., & Stoddard, J. (2018). Teaching history with film: Strategies for secondary social studies (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Marshall, E., & Sensoy, O. (Eds.) (2016). Rethinking popular culture and media (2nd ed.). Milwaukee, WI: Rethinking Schools.
  • Maudlin, J. G., & Sandlin, J. A. (2015). Pop culture pedagogies: Process and praxis. Educational Studies, 51(5), 368–384. doi:10.1080/00131946.2015.1075992
  • McCoy, J., Rahman, T., & Somer, M. (2018). Polarization and the global crisis of democracy: Common patterns, dynamics, and pernicious consequences for democratic polities. American Behavioral Scientist, 62(1), 16–42. doi:10.1177/0002764218759576
  • McKay, A. (Producer & Director), Pitt, B. (Producer), Gardner, D. (Producer), Kleiner, J. (Producer), Messick, K. J. (Producer), & Ferrell, W. (Producer). (2018). Vice [Motion Picture]. United States: Annapurna Pictures.
  • Middaugh, E. (2019). Teens, social media, and fake news. In W. Journell (Ed.), Unpacking fake news: An educator’s guide to navigating the media with students (pp. 42–59). New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
  • Nichols, M. (Producer & Director), Krane, J. (Producer), & Machlis, N. (Producer). (1998). Primary colors [Motion Picture]. United States: Mutual Film Company.
  • Nickerson, R. S. (1998). Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises. Review of General Psychology, 2(2), 175–220. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175
  • Nolasco, S. (2018, November 6). Hollywood conservatives say more stars stay quiet to avoid public backlash, being blacklisted. Fox News. Retrieved from https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/hollywood-conservatives-say-more-stars-stay-quiet-to-avoid-public-backlash-being-blacklisted
  • Nyhan, B., & Reifler, J. (2010). When corrections fail: The persistence of political misperceptions. Political Behavior, 32(2), 303–330.
  • Pew Research Center. (2014, June 12). Political polarization in the American public. The Washington Post. Retrieved from http://www.people-press.org/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/
  • Rogers, J., Franke, M., Yun, J.-E. E., Ishimoto, M., Diera, C., Geller, R. C., … Brenes, T. (2017). Teaching and learning in the age of Trump: Increasing stress and hostility in America’s high schools. Los Angeles: University of California-Los Angeles Institute for Democracy, Education, and Access.
  • Sacks, E. (2019, January 6). Christian Bale credits Satan for inspiration on how to play Dick Cheney in ‘Vice’. NBC News. Retrieved from https://www.nbcnews.com/pop-culture/awards/christian-bale-credits-satan-inspiration-how-play-dick-cheney-vice-n955506
  • Saunders, R. A. (2019). (Profitable) imaginaries of Black power: The popular and political geographies of Black Panther. Political Geography, 69, 139–149. doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2018.12.010
  • Segall, A., Crocco, M. S., Halvorsen, A.-L., & Jacobsen, R. (2019). Teaching in the twilight zone of misinformation, disinformation, alternative facts, and fake news. In W. Journell (Ed.), Unpacking fake news: An educator’s guide to navigating the media with students (pp. 74–91). New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
  • Sensoy, O. (2016). Angry Muslim men: Neo-orientalism and the pop culture curriculum. Critical Education, 7(16), 1–17.
  • Shapiro, B. (2018, November 20). ‘Vice’ movie: Anti-Bush, anti-conservative vitriol. National Review. Retrieved from https://www.nationalreview.com/…/vice-movie-dick-cheney-anti-conservative-vitriol/
  • Siegfried, E. (2018, July 29). Media bias against conservatives is real, and part of the reason no one trusts the news now. NBC News. Retrieved from https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/media-bias-against-conservatives-real-part-reason-no-one-trusts-ncna895471
  • Smith, K. (2018, December 20). Dick Cheney comedy Vice is a spastic mess. National Review. Retrieved from https://www.nationalreview.com/2018/12/vice-movie-review-dick-cheney-spastic-mess/
  • Steinberg, S. (2009). Preface: Reading media critically. In D. Macedo & S. Steinburg (Eds.), Media literacy: A reader (pp. xiii–xixv). New York, NY: Peter Lang.
  • Stoddard, J. (2013). Hillary: The Movie, the History Channel, and the challenge of the documentary for democratic education. Teachers College Record, 115(3), 1–32.
  • Stoddard, J., Marcus, A. S., & Hicks, D. (Eds.). (2017). Teaching difficult history through film. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Stone, O. (Producer & Director), & Ho, A. K. (Producer). (1989). Born on the fourth of July [Motion Picture]. United States: Ixtlan Productions.
  • Taber, C. S., & Lodge, M. (2016). The illusion of choice in democratic politics: The unconscious impact of motivated political reasoning. Advances in Political Psychology, 37, 61–85.
  • van Kessel, C., & Crowley, R. M. (2017). Villainification and evil in social studies education. Theory & Research in Social Education, 45, 427–455. doi:10.1080/00933104.2017.1285734
  • Wayne, J. (Producer & Director), & Kellogg, R. (Director). (1968). The green berets [Motion Picture]. United States: Batjac Productions.
  • West, B., & Cohen, J. (Producers & Directors). (2018). RBG [Motion Picture]. United States: Magnolia Pictures.
  • Westwood, S. J., Iyengar, S., Walgrave, S., Leonisio, R., Miller, L., & Strijbis, O. (2018). The tie that divides: Cross-national evidence of the primacy of partyism. European Journal of Political Research, 57(2), 333–354. doi:10.1111/1475-6765.12228
  • Wiencek, H. (2003). An imperfect God: George Washington, his slaves, and the creation of America. New York, NY: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux.
  • Wineburg, S., Mosborg, S., Porat, D., & Duncan, A. (2007). Common belief and the cultural curriculum: An intergenerational study of historical consciousness. American Educational Research Journal, 44(1), 40–76. doi:10.3102/0002831206298677
  • Wolcott, J. (2018, August 2). Rosanne Barr, Tim Allen, and the myth of Hollywood’s conservative blacklist. Vanity Fair. Retrieved from https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2018/08/the-myth-of-hollywoods-conservative-blacklist
  • Woodson, A. N. (2016). We’re just ordinary people: Messianic master narratives and Black youths’ civic agency. Theory & Research in Social Education, 44, 184–211. doi:10.1080/00933104.2016.1170645

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.