2,166
Views
216
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Low back joint loading and kinematics during standing and unsupported sitting

&
Pages 280-294 | Published online: 10 Nov 2010

References

  • AARAS , A. 1994 . The impact of ergonomic intervention on individual health and corporate prosperity in a telecommunications environment . Ergonomics , 37 : 1679 – 1696 .
  • ADAMS , M. A. and HUTTON , W. C. 1981 . “ Is there compressive loading on the apophyseal joints of the lumbar spine in erect posture? ” . In Mechanical Factors and the Skeleton , Edited by: Stokes , I. A. F. 23 – 24 . London : John Libbey .
  • ADAMS , M. A. and HUTTON , W. C. 1982 . Prolapsed intervertebral disc: a hyperflexion injury . Spine , 7 : 184 – 191 .
  • ADAMS , M. A. and HUTTON , W. C. 1985 . Gradual disc prolapse . Spine , 10 : 524 – 531 .
  • ADAMS , M. A. , MCNALLY , D. S. , CHINN , H. and DOLAN , P. 1994 . Posture and the compressive strength of the lumbar spine . Clinical Biomechanics , 9 : 5 – 14 .
  • ALTHOFF , I. , BRINCKMANN , P. , FROBIN , W. , SANDOVER , J. and BURTON , K. 1992 . An improved method of stature measurements for quantitative determination of spinal loading—application to sitting postures and whole body vibration . Spine , 17 : 682 – 693 .
  • ANDERSSON , G. B. J. , MURPHY , R. W. , ÖRTENGREN , R. and NACHEMSON , A. 1979 . The influence of backrest inclination and lumbar support on lumbar lordosis . Spine , 4 : 52 – 58 .
  • BENDIX , T. and BIERING-SORENSEN , F. 1983 . Posture of the trunk when sitting on forward inclining seats . Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine , 15 : 197 – 203 .
  • BENDIX , T. and HAGBERG , M. 1984 . Trunk posture and load on the trapezius muscle whilst sitting at sloping desks . Ergonomics , 27 : 873 – 882 .
  • BRIDGER , R. S. 1988 . Postural adaptations to a sloping chair and work surface . Human Factors , 30 : 237 – 247 .
  • BRIDGER , R. S. , ORKIN , D. and HENNEBERG , M. 1992 . A quantitative investigation of lumbar and pelvic postures in standing and sitting: interrelationships with body position and hip muscle length . International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics , 9 : 235 – 244 .
  • BRUNSWIC , M. 1984 . Ergonomics of seat design . Physiotherapy , 70 : 40 – 43 .
  • CALLAGHAN , J. P. , PATLA , A. E. and MCGILL , S. M. 1999 . Low back three-dimensional joint forces, kinematics, and kinetics during walking . Clinical Biomechanics , 14 : 203 – 216 .
  • CHAFFIN , D. B. and ANDERSSON , G. B. J. 1990 . Occupational Biomechanics , 2nd edn , New York : Wiley .
  • CHOLEWICKI , J. and MCGILL , S. M. 1996 . Mechanical stability of the in vivo lumbar spine: Implications for injury and chronic low back pain . Clinical Biomechanics , 11 : 1 – 15 .
  • EKLUND , J. and LIEW , M. 1991 . Evaluation of seating: the influence of hip and knee angles on spinal posture . International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics , 8 : 67 – 73 .
  • FREY , J. K. and TECKLIN , J. S. 1986 . Comparison of lumbar curves when sitting on the Westnofa Balans Multi-Chair, sitting on a conventional chair, and standing . Physical Therapy , 66 : 1365 – 1369 .
  • FRYMOYER , J. W. , POPE , M. H. , COSTANZA , M. C. , ROSEN , J. C. , GOGGIN , J. E. and WILDER , D. G. 1980 . Epidemiologic studies of low back pain . Spine , 5 : 419 – 423 .
  • HOLM , S. and NACHEMSON , A. 1983 . Variations in the nutrition of the canine intervertebral disc induced by motion . Spine , 8 : 866 – 874 .
  • JONSSON , B. 1978 . “ Kinesiology: with special reference to electromyographic kinesiology ” . In Contemporary Clinical Neurophysiology , Edited by: Cobb , W. A. and Duija , H. Amsterdam : Elsevier .
  • JONSSON , B. 1988 . The static load component in muscle work . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 57 : 305 – 310 .
  • KEEGAN , J. J. 1953 . Alterations of the lumbar curve related to posture and seating . Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (America) , 35A : 589 – 603 .
  • KELSEY , J. L. 1975a . An epidemiological study of the relationship between occupations and acute herniated lumbar intervertebral discs . International Journal of Epidemiology , 4 : 197 – 205 .
  • KELSEY , J. L. 1975b . An epidemiological study of acute herniated lumbar intervertebral discs . Rheumatology Rehabilitation , 14 : 144 – 159 .
  • KNUTSSON , B. , KINDH , K. and TELHAG , H. 1966 . Sitting—an electromyographic and mechanical study . Acta Physiologica Scandinavica , 37 : 415 – 428 .
  • LINK , C. S. , NICHOLSON , G. G. , SHADDEAU , S. A. , BIRCH , R. and GOSSMAN , M. R. 1990 . Lumbar curvature in standing and sitting in two types of chairs: relationship of hamstring and hip flexor muscle length . Physical Therapy , 70 : 611 – 618 .
  • LORD , M. J. , SMALL , J. M. , DINSAY , J. M. and WATKINS , R. G. 1997 . Lumbar lordosis. Effects of sitting and standing . Spine , 22 : 2571 – 2574 .
  • MACINTOSH , J. E. , VALENCIA , F. , BOGDUK , N. and MUNRO , R. R. 1986 . The morphology of the human lumbar multifidus . Clinical Biomechanics , 1 : 196 – 204 .
  • MCGILL , S. M. 1991 . Electromyographic activity of the abdominal and low back musculature during the generation of isometric and dynamic axial trunk torque: implications for lumbar mechanics . Journal of Orthopaedic Research , 9 : 91 – 103 .
  • MCGILL , S. M. 1992 . A myoelectrically based dynamic three-dimensional model to predict loads on lumbar spine tissues during lateral bending . Journal of Biomechanics , 25 : 395 – 414 .
  • MCGILL , S. M. and NORMAN , R. W. 1986 . Partitioning of the L4/L5 dynamic moment into disc, ligamentous, and muscular components during lifting . Spine , 11 : 666 – 677 .
  • MCGILL , S. M. , NORMAN , R. W. , YINGLING , V. R. , WELLS , R. P. and NEUMANN , P. Shear happens! Suggested guidelines for ergonomists to reduce the risk of low back injury from shear loading . Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Human Factors Association of Canada . Edited by: Human Factors Association of Canada . Canada : HFA .
  • NACHEMSON , A. L. 1966 . The load on lumbar disks in different positions of the body . Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research , 45 : 107 – 122 .
  • NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (NIOSH) . 1981 . A Work Practices Guide for Manual Lifting , Rep. No. 81-122 Cincinnati : US Department of Health and Human Services .
  • NEUMANN , P. , NORMAN , R. W. and WELLS , R. P. 1995 . “ EMG-based estimates of peak and prolonged exposure of the low back to forces and moments during occupational tasks ” . In XVth Congress of the International Society of Biomechanics , 670 – 671 . Jyva¨askyla¨ : University of Jyva¨skyla¨ .
  • PEARCY , M. J. , PORTEK , I. and SHEPHERD , J. 1984 . Three-dimensional x-ray analysis of normal movement in the lumbar spine . Spine , 9 : 294 – 297 .
  • SUTARNO , C. G. and MCGILL , S. M. 1995 . Isovelocity investigation of the lengthening behaviour of the erector spinae muscles . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 70 : 146 – 153 .
  • VEIERSTED , K. B. 1994 . Sustained muscle tension as a risk factor for trapezius myalgia . International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics , 14 : 333 – 339 .
  • VEIERSTED , K. B. , WESTGAAR , R. H. and ANDERSEN , P. 1990 . Pattern of muscle activity during stereotyped work and its relation to muscle pain . International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health , 62 : 31 – 41 .
  • WILDER , D. G. and POPE , M. H. 1996 . Epidemiological and aetiological aspects of low back pain in vibration environments—an update . Clinical Biomechanics , 11 : 61 – 73 .
  • WILDER , D. G. , POPE , M. H. and FRYMOYER , J. W. 1988 . The biomechanics of lumbar disc herniation and the effect of overload and instability . Journal of Spinal Disorders , 1 : 16 – 32 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.