Functional handgrip test to determine the coefficient of static friction at the hand/handle interface

References

• AMIS , A. A. 1987 . Variation of finger forces in maximal isometric grasp tests on a range of cylinder diameters . Journal of Biomedical Engineering , 9 : 313 – 320 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• AN , K. N. , CHAO , E. Y. S. and ASKEW , L. J. 1980 . Hand strength measurement instruments . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 61 : 366 – 368 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AYOUB , M. M. and PRESTI , P. L. 1971 . The determination of an optimum size cylindrical handle by use of electromyography . Ergonomics , 14 : 509 – 518 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BASMAJIAN , J. V. and BLUMENSTEIN , R. 1980 . Electrode Placement in EMG biofeed-back , Baltimore : Williams & WiIkins .
   Google Scholar
• BIGLAND-RITCHIE , B. 1981 . EMG/force relations and fatigue of human voluntary contractions . Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews , 9 : 75 – 117 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BOBJER , O. , JOHANSSON , S.-E. and PIGUET , S. 1993 . Friction between hand and handle. Effects of oil and lard on textured and non-textured surfaces; perception of discomfort . Applied Ergonomics , 24 : 190 – 202 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BUCHANAN , T. S. , MONIZ , M. J. , DEWALD , J. P. A. and RYMER , W. Z. 1993 . Estimation of muscle forces about the wrist joint during isometric tasks using an EMG coefficient method . Journal of Biomechanics , 26 : 547 – 560 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BUCHHOLZ , B. , FREDERICK , L. J. and ARMSTRONG , T. J. 1988 . An investigation of human palmar skin friction and the effects of materials, pinch force and moisture . Ergonomics , 31 : 317 – 325 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CADORET , G. and SMITH , A. M. 1996 . Friction, not texture, dictates grip forces used during object manipulation . Journal of Neurophysiology , 75 : 1963 – 1969 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHADWICK , E. K. J. and NICOL , A. C. 2001 . A novel force transducer for the instrument of grip force . Journal of Biomechanics , 34 : 125 – 128 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHANG , S. R. , PARK , S. and FREIVALDS , A. 1999 . Ergonomie evaluation of the effects of handle types on garden tools . International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics , 24 : 99 – 105 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• COMAISH , S. and BOTTOMS , E. 1971 . The skin and friction: deviations from Amonton's laws, and the effects of hydration and lubrication . British Journal of Dermatology , 84 : 37 – 43 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FENNIGKOH , L. , GARG , A. and HART , B. 1999 . Mediating effects of wrist reaction torque on grip force production . International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics , 23 : 293 – 306 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FOTHERGILL , D. M. , GRIEVE , D. W. and PHEASANT , S. T. 1992 . The influence of some handle designs and handle height on the strength of the horizontal pulling action . Ergonomics , 35 : 203 – 212 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HALL , E. A. 1970 . Electromyographic techniques: A review . Physical Therapy , 50 : 651 – 659 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HAMILTON , A. , BALNAVE , R. and ADAMS , R. 1994 . Grip strength testing reliability . Journal of Hand Therapy , 7 : 163 – 170 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• JOHANSSON , R. S. and WESTLING , G. 1984 . Roles of glabrous skin receptors and sensorimotor memory in automatic control of precision grip when lifting rougher or more slippery objects . Experimental Brian Research , 71 : 72 – 86 .
   Google Scholar
• LAWRENCE , J. H. and DE LUCA , C. J. 1983 . Myoelectric signal versus force relationship in different human muscles . Journal of Applied Physiology , 54 : 1653 – 1659 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEE , J. W. and RIM , K. 1991 . Measurement of finger joint angles and maximum finger forces during cylinder grip activity . Journal of Biomedical Engineering , 13 : 152 – 162 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MATHIOWETZ , V. , WEBER , K. , VOLLAND , G. and KASHMAN , N. 1984 . Reliability and validity of grip and pinch strength evaluations . Journal of Hand Surgery — American Volume , 9 : 222 – 226 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NORMAN , R. W. and KOMI , P. V. 1979 . Electromechanical delay in skeletal muscle under normal movement conditions . Acta Physiologica Scandinavica , 106 : 241 – 248 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O'MEARA , D. M. and SMITH , R. M. 2001 . Static friction properties between human palmar skin and five grabrail materials . Ergonomics , 44 : 973 – 988 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PHEASANT , S. and O'NEILL , D. 1975 . Performance in gripping and turning — a study in hand/handle effectiveness . Applied Ergonomics , 6 : 205 – 208 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PRYCE , J. C. 1980 . The wrist position between neutral and ulnar deviation that facilitates the maximum power grip strength . Journal of Biomechanics , 13 : 505 – 511 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RADHAKRISHNAN , S. and NAGARAVINDRA , M. 1993 . Analysis of hand forces in health and disease during maximum isometric grasping of cylinders . Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing , 31 : 372 – 376 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RICHARDS , L. and PALMITER-THOMAS , P. 1996 . Grip strength measurement a critical review of tools, methods, and clinical utility . Critical Reviews in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine , 8 : 87 – 109 .
   Google Scholar
• SMITH , A. M. , CADORET , G. and ST-AMOUR , D. 1997 . Scopolamine increases prehensile force during object manipulation by reducing palmar sweating and decreasing skin friction . Experimental Brain Research , 114 : 578 – 583 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SULZBERGER , M. B. , CORTESE , T. A. , FISHMAN , L. and WILEY , H. S. 1966 . Studies on blisters produced by friction I. Results of linear rubbing and twisting techniques . Journal of Investigative Dermatology , 47 : 456 – 465 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VIITASALO , J. T. , SAUKKONEN , S. and KOMI , P. V. 1980 . Reproducibility of measurements of selected neuromuscular performance variables in man . Electromyography and Clinical Neurophysiology , 20 : 487 – 501 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WINTER , D. A. 1987 . Biomechanics and motor control of human gait , 45 – 55 . Waterloo : University of Waterloo Press .
   Google Scholar
• WOODS , J. J. and BIGLAND-RITCHIE , B. 1983 . Linear and non-linear surface EMG/force relationships in human muscles. An anatomical/functional argument for the existence of both . American Journal of Physical Medicine , 62 : 287 – 299 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ZHANG , M. and MAK , A. F. 1999 . In vivo friction properties of human skin . Prosthetics and Orthotics International , 23 : 135 – 141 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar