559
Views
17
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Physiological response of beach lifeguards in a rescue simulation with surf

, , , , , & show all
Pages 1140-1150 | Received 26 Dec 2008, Accepted 13 Apr 2010, Published online: 24 Aug 2010

References

  • Andersson , J. P. 2002 . Diving response and arterial oxygen saturation during apnea and exercise in breath-hold divers . Journal of Applied Physiology , 93 : 882 – 886 .
  • Astrand , I. 1967 . Degree of strain during building work as related to individual aerobic capacity . Ergonomics , 10 : 293 – 303 .
  • Baldari , C. and Guidetti , L. 2000 . A simple method for individual anaerobic threshold as predictor of max lactate steady state . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 32 ( 10 ) : 1798 – 1802 .
  • Bilzon , L. J. 2001 . Characterization of the metabolic demands of simulated shipboard Royal Navy firefighting tasks . Ergonomics , 44 : 766 – 780 .
  • Bugajska , J. 2007 . Cardiovascular stress, energy expenditure and subjective perceived ratings of fire fighters during typical fire suppression and rescue tasks . International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics , 13 ( 3 ) : 323 – 331 .
  • Cole , A. 2008 . An investigation into the cardiac implications of bradycardia in marine sports practitioners . The Plymouth Student Scientist , 1 ( 2 ) : 221 – 242 .
  • Costill , D. L. , Maglischo , E. W. and Richardson , A. B. 1992 . Swimming , Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications Ltd .
  • Davis , P. O. , Dotson , C. O. and Santa , D. L. 1982 . Relationships between simulated fire-fighting tasks and physical performance measures . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 14 : 65 – 71 .
  • Dicarlo , L. J. 1991 . Peak heart rates during maximal running and swimming: implications for exercise prescription . International Journal Sports Medicine , 12 : 309 – 312 .
  • Dixon , R. W. and Faulkner , J. A. 1971 . Cardiac outputs during maximal effort running and swimming . Journal of Applied Physiology , 30 : 653 – 656 .
  • Egocheaga , J. 1999 . Condición física en escaladores deportivos de élite . Archivos de Medicina del Deporte , 71 : 221 – 226 .
  • Eriksson , B. O. , Berg , K. and Tarenger , J. 1978 . Physiological analysis of young boys starting intensive training in swimming . Swimming Medicine , 4 : 143 – 160 .
  • Genaidy , A. M. 1992 . Physical training: a tool for increasing work tolerance limits of employees engaged in manual handling task . Ergonomics , 35 : 1081 – 1102 .
  • Gharbi , A. 2008 . Lactate kinetics after intermittent and continuous exercise training . Journal of Sports Science and Medicine , 7 : 279 – 285 .
  • Gledhill , N. and Jamnik , V. K. 1992 . Characterization of the physical demands of firefighting . Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences , 17 : 207 – 213 .
  • Gulbin , J. P. , Fell , J. W. and Gaffney , P. T. 1996 . A physiological profile of elite surf ironmen, full time lifeguards & patrolling surf life savers . Australian Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport , 28 ( 3 ) : 86 – 89 .
  • Heimburg , E. D. , Rasmussen , A. K.R. and Medbo , J. I. 2006 . Physiological responses of firefighters and performance predictors during a simulated rescue of hospital patients . Ergonomics , 2 ( 10 ) : 111 – 126 .
  • Henderson , N. D. , Berry , M. W. and Matic , T. 2007 . Field measures of strength and fitness predict firefighter performance on physically demanding tasks . Personnel Psychology , 60 ( 2 ) : 431 – 473 .
  • Hiebert , M. S. and Burch , E. 2003 . Simulated human diving and heart rate: Making the most of the diving response as a laboratory exercise . Advanced Physiology Education , 27 : 130 – 145 .
  • Hughes , A. L. and Goldman , R. F. 1970 . Energy cost of hard work . Journal of Applied Physiology , 29 : 570 – 572 .
  • Janssen , P. 1989 . Training lactate pulse rate , Oulu, , Finland : Polar Electro Oy .
  • Jerome , D. 2008 . The need for advanced cardiac life support certification for open-water lifeguards at Huntington Beach . International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education , 2 ( 3 ) : 156 – 165 .
  • Jurimae , J. 2007 . Analysis of swimming performance from physical, physiological, and biomechanical parameters in young swimmers . Pediatric Exercise Science , 19 ( 1 ) : 70 – 81 .
  • Karvonen , J. , Cwlbnska-Moneta , J. and Saynajakangas , S. 1984 . Comparison of heart rates measured by ECG and microcomputer . Physiology Sport Medicine , 12 : 65 – 69 .
  • Kawakami , Y. , Natelson , B. H. and Dubois , A. B. 1967 . Cardiovascular effects of face immersion and factors affecting diving reflex in man . Journal of Applied Physiology , 23 : 964 – 970 .
  • Keul , J. and Simon , G. 1979 . Bestinmmung der indiveduellen anaeroben schewelle zur leisturwewertung und traininggsgestaltung . Dtsch Z Sportmed , 30 : 212 – 218 .
  • Kohrt , W. M. 1987 . Physiological responses of triathletes to maximal swimming, and running . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 19 : 51 – 55 .
  • Léger , L. and Thivierge , M. 1988 . Heart rate monitors: validity, stability, and functionality . Physician and Sports Medicine , 16 : 143 – 151 .
  • Legg , S. J. , Ramsey , T. and Knowles , D. J. 1992 . The metabolic cost of backpack and shoulder load carriage . Ergonomics , 35 : 1063 – 1068 .
  • Leland , Y. 2007 . Handling immediate medical care at aquatic facilities: Do we need different levels of lifeguard certification? . International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education , 1 ( 1 ) : 78 – 88 .
  • Magel , J. R. and Faulkner , J. A. 1967 . Maximum oxygen uptakes of college swimmers . Journal of Applied Physiology , 22 : 929 – 933 .
  • Medbo , J. I. 2000 . Examination of four different instruments for measuring blood lactate concentration . Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation , 62 : 585 – 598 .
  • Messonnier , L. 2001 . Blood lactate exchange and removal abilities after relative high-intensity exercise: effects of training in normoxia and hypoxia . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 84 : 403 – 412 .
  • Messonnier , L. 2006 . Effects of training on lactate kinetics parameters and their influence on short high-intensity exercise performance . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 27 : 60 – 66 .
  • Michniewicz , R. , Walczuk , T. and Rostkowska , E. 2008 . An assessment of the effectiveness of various variants of water rescue . Kinesiology , 40 ( 1 ) : 96 – 106 .
  • Montoliu , M. A. , González , V. and Palenciano , L. 1995 . Cardiac frequency along a working shift in coal miners . Ergonomics , 38 : 1250 – 1263 .
  • Montoliu , M. A. 1998 . Criterios físico-psicológicos para la selección de Brigadas de Salvamento . Mafre Seguridad , 72 : 23 – 33 .
  • Office of National Statistics . 2007 . Mortality statistics: Childhood, infant and perinatal review of the Registrar General on deaths in England and Wales , London : Office of National Statistics . 2005, Series DH3 No. 38
  • Palenciano , L. , González , V. and Santillana , L. 1996 . Cardiac frequency in miners recorded during 4–5 working days of a week . European Journal Applied Physiology , 73 : 369 – 375 .
  • Paulev , P. E. , Pokorski , M. and Honda , Y. 1990 . Facial cold receptors and the survival reflex ‘Diving bradycardia’ in man . Japan Journal of Physiology , 40 : 701 – 712 .
  • Peate , W. F. , Lundergan , L. and Jonhson , J. 2002 . Fitness self-perception and VO2 max in fire-fighters . Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine , 44 ( 6 ) : 546 – 550 .
  • Perini , R. 1998 . Heart rate variability in exercising humans: effect of water immersion . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 77 : 326 – 332 .
  • Perroni , F. 2008 . Do Italian fire fighting recruits have an adequate physical fitness profile for fire fighting? . Sport Sciences for Health , 4 : 27 – 32 .
  • Presneda , D. 2001 . Salvamento Acuático Salvamento Acuático: Fundamentos Técnicos, Tácticos y Estratégicos del Rescate Acuático , Argentina : R & C .
  • Prieto , J. A. 2001 . Determinación de la demanda energética durante un salvamento acuático en playa con y sin material auxiliar . Selección , 10 ( 4 ) : 211 – 220 .
  • Reilly , T. , Wooler , A. and Tripton , M. 2006a . Occupational fitness standards for beach lifeguards. Phase 1: the physiological demands of beach life guarding . Occupational Medicine , 56 ( 1 ) : 6 – 11 .
  • Reilly , T. 2006b . Occupational fitness standards for beach lifeguards. Phase 2: The development of an easily administered fitness test . Occupational Medicine , 56 ( 1 ) : 12 – 17 .
  • Riera , J. 1995 . Estudio antropométrico y funcional en nadadores . Apunts , 31 ( 119 ) : 213 – 230 .
  • Sanders , R. 1995 . Using biomechanics to understand and improve techniques in surf Lifesaving . Journal of Physical Education New Zealand , 28 ( 3 ) : 13 – 17 .
  • Schmid , J. P. 2007 . Influence of water immersion, water gymnastics and swimming on cardiac output in patients with heart failure . Heart , 93 : 722 – 727 .
  • Schwebel , D. C. , Lindsay , S. and Simpson , J. 2007 . Brief report: a brief intervention to improve lifeguard surveillance at a public swimming pool . Journal of Pediatric Psychology , 32 ( 7 ) : 862 – 868 .
  • Shephard , R. J. 1982 . The daily work load of the postal carrier . Journal of Human Ergology , 11 : 157 – 164 .
  • Shephard , R. J. 1986 . Fitness and health in industry , Toronto : Karger .
  • Shephard , R. J. 1991 . Occupational demand and human rights . Sport Medicine , 12 : 94 – 109 .
  • Sinclair , W. H. 2009 . Blood lactate, heart rate and rating of perceived exertion responses of elite surf lifesavers to high-performance competition . Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport , 12 ( 1 ) : 101 – 106 .
  • Sparks , P. J. 1987 . Minimum medical standards for fire-fighters , Olympia, WA : Association of Washington Cities .
  • Stenberg , J. 1967 . Hemodynamic response to work with different muscle groups, sitting and response to work with different muscle groups, sitting and supine . Journal of Applied Physiology , 22 : 61 – 70 .
  • Wakayoshi , K. 1995 . Relationship between oxygen uptake stroke rate and swimming velocity in competitive swimming . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 16 : 19 – 23 .
  • Williams-Bell , F. M. 2009 . Physiological demands of the firefighter candidate physical ability test . Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise , 41 ( 3 ) : 653 – 662 .
  • Williamson , A. 2006 . Feasibility study of a water safety data collection for beaches . Journal of Science and Medicine in Sports , 9 ( 3 ) : 243 – 248 .
  • Wilmore , J. H. and Davis , J. A. 1979 . Validation of physical abilities field test for the selection of state traffic officers . Journal of Occupational Medicine , 21 : 33 – 40 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.