Can a short nap and bright light function as implicit learning and visual search enhancers?

References

• Akerstedt , T. and Gillberg , M. 1990 . Subjective and objective sleepiness in the active individual . International Journal of Neuroscience , 52 ( 1–2 ) : 29 – 37 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Axelsson , J. , Akerstedt , T. , Kecklund , G. and Lowden , A. 2004 . Tolerance to shift work-how does it relate to sleep and wakefulness? . International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health , 77 ( 2 ) : 121 – 129 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borbely , A.A. 1982 . A two process model of sleep regulation . Human Neurobiology , 1 : 195 – 204 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brainard , D.H. 1997 . The psychophysics toolbox . Spat Vision , 10 ( 4 ) : 433 – 436 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brooks , A. and Lack , L. 2006 . A brief afternoon nap following nocturnal sleep restriction: which nap duration is most recuperative? . Sleep , 29 ( 6 ) : 831 – 840 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cajochen , C. 2007 . Alerting effects of light . Sleep Medicine Review , 11 ( 6 ) : 453 – 464 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chun , M.M. and Jiang , Y. 1998 . Contextual cueing: implicit learning and memory of visual context guides spatial attention . Cognitive Psychology , 36 ( 1 ) : 28 – 71 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage . 2002 . The correlation of models for vision and visual performance, Publication no . 145 , Vienna: CIE Publication
   Google Scholar
• Dinges , D.F , Pack , F. Williams , K. , Gillen , K.A. , Powell , J.W. , Ott , G.E. , Aptowicz, C. and Pack , A.I . 1997 . Cumulative sleepiness, mood disturbance, and psychomotor vigilance performance decrements during a week of sleep restricted to 4–5 hours per night . Sleep , 20 ( 4 ) : 267 – 277 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorrian , J. , Lamond , N. and Dawson , D. 2000 . The ability to self-monitor performance when fatigued . Journal of Sleep Research , 9 ( 2 ) : 137 – 144 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gould , K.S. , Hirvonen , K. , Koefoed , V.F. , Roed , B.K. , Sallinen , M. , Holm , A. , Bridger , R.S. and Moen , B.E. 2009 . Effects of 60 hours of total sleep deprivation on two methods of high-speed ship navigation . Ergonomics , 52 ( 12 ) : 1469 – 1486 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayashi , M. , Chikazawa , Y. and Hori , T. 2004 . Short nap versus short rest: recuperative effects during vdt work . Ergonomics , 47 ( 14 ) : 1549 – 1560 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayashi , M. , Ito , S. and Hori , T. 1999 . The effects of a 20-min nap at noon on sleepiness . performance and eeg activity. International Journal of Psychophysiol , 32 ( 2 ) : 173 – 180 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayashi , M. , Motoyoshi , N. and Hori , T. 2005 . Recuperative power of a short daytime nap with or without stage 2 sleep . Sleep , 28 ( 7 ) : 829 – 836 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horne , J.A. and Ostberg , O. 1976 . A self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness-eveningness in human circadian rhythms . International Journal of Chronobiology , 4 ( 2 ) : 97 – 110 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaida , K. , Takahashi , M. , Akerstedt , T. , Nakata , A. , Otsuka , Y. , Haratani , T. and Fukasawa , K . 2006a . Validation of the karolinska sleepiness scale against performance and eeg variables . Clinical Neurophysiol , 117 ( 7 ) : 1574 – 1581 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaida , K. , Takahashi , M. , Haratani , T. , Ostuka , Y. , Fukasawa , K. and Nakata , A . 2006b . Indoor exposure to natural bright light prevents afternoon sleepiness . Sleep , 29 ( 4 ) : 462 – 469 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaida , K. , Akerstedt , T. , Kecklund , G. , Nilsson , J.P. and Axelsson , J . 2007a . The effects of asking for verbal ratings of sleepiness on sleepiness and its masking effects on performance . Clinical Neurophysiol , 118 ( 6 ) : 1324 – 1331 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaida , K. , Takahashi , M. and Otsuka , Y. 2007b . A short nap and natural bright light exposure improve positive mood status . Industrial Health , 45 ( 2 ) : 301 – 308 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato , Y. , Endo , H. , Kobayakawa , T. , Kato , K. and Kitazaki , S . 2012 . Effects of intermittent odours on cognitive-motor performance and brain functioning during mental fatigue . Ergonomics , 55 ( 1 ) : 1 – 11 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuller , R. , Ballal , S. , Laike , T. , Mikellides , B. and Tonello , G . 2006 . The impact of light and colour on psychological mood: a cross-cultural study of indoor work environments . Ergonomics , 49 ( 14 ) : 1496 – 1507 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leger , D. , Philip , P. , Jarriault , P. , Metlaine , A. and Choudat , D . 2009 . Effects of a combination of napping and bright light pulses on shift workers’ sleepiness at the wheel: a pilot study . Journal of Sleep Research , 18 ( 4 ) : 472 – 479 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mednick , S.C. , Makovski , T. , Cai , D.J. and Jiang , Y.V . 2009 . Sleep and rest facilitate implicit memory in a visual search task . Vision Research , 49 ( 21 ) : 2557 – 2565 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milner , C.E. and Cote , K.A. 2009 . Benefits of napping in healthy adults: impact of nap length, time of day, age, and experience with napping . Journal of Sleep Research , 18 ( 2 ) : 272 – 281 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paddan , G.S. , Holmes , S.R. , Mansfield , N.J. , Hutchinson , H. , Arrowsmith , C.I. , King , S.K. , Jones , R.J. and Rimell , A.N . 2012 . The influence of seat backrest angle on human performance during whole-body vibration . Ergonomics , 55 ( 1 ) : 114 – 128 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelli , D.G. 1997 . The videotoolbox software for visual psychophysics: transforming numbers into movies . Spatial Vision , 10 ( 4 ) : 437 – 442 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Phipps-Nelson , J. , Redman , J.R. , Dijk , D.J. and Rajaratnam , S.M . 2003 . Daytime exposure to bright light, as compared to dim light, decreases sleepiness and improves psychomotor vigilance performance . Sleep , 26 ( 6 ) : 695 – 700 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phipps-Nelson , J. , Redman , J.R. , Schlangen , L.J. and Rajaratnam , S.M. 2009 . Blue light exposure reduces objective measures of sleepiness during prolonged nighttime performance testing . Chronobiology International , 26 ( 5 ) : 891 – 912 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pilcher , J.J. , Vander Wood , M.A. and O’connell , K.L. 2011 . The effects of extended work under sleep deprivation conditions on team-based performance . Ergonomics , 54 ( 7 ) : 587 – 596 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quanten , S. , Van Brecht , A. and Berckmans , D. 2007 . Comparison of thermal comfort performance of two different types of road vehicle climate control systems . Ergonomics , 50 ( 3 ) : 364 – 378 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rechtschaffen , A. and Kales , A. 1968 . A manual of standardized terminology, techniques and scoring system for sleep stage of human subject , Washington, DC : National Institute of Health .
   Google Scholar
• Reyner , L.A. and Horne , J.A. 1997 . Suppression of sleepiness in drivers: combination of caffeine with a short nap . Psychophysiology , 34 ( 6 ) : 721 – 725 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roach , G.D. , Darwent , D. and Dawson , D. 2010 . How well do pilots sleep during long-haul flights? . Ergonomics , 53 ( 9 ) : 1072 – 1075 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruger , M. , Gordijn , M.C. , Beersma , D.G. , De Vries , B. and Daan , S . 2006 . Time-of-day-dependent effects of bright light exposure on human psychophysiology: comparison of daytime and nighttime exposure . American Journal of Physiology – Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology , 290 ( 5 ) : R1413 – R1420 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sallinen , M. , Harma , M. , Akerstedt , T. , Rosa , R. and Lillqvist , O . 1998 . Promoting alertness with a short nap during a night shift . Journal of Sleep Research , 7 ( 4 ) : 240 – 247 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sallinen , M. , Harma , M. , Akila , R. , Holm , A. , Luukkonen , R. , Mikola , H. , Muller , K. and Virkkala , J . 2004 . The effects of sleep debt and monotonous work on sleepiness and performance during a 12-h dayshift . Journal of Sleep Research , 13 ( 4 ) : 285 – 294 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Signal , T.L. , Gander , P.H. , Anderson , H. and Brash , S . 2009 . Scheduled napping as a countermeasure to sleepiness in air traffic controllers . Journal of Sleep Research , 18 ( 1 ) : 11 – 19 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith-Coggins , R. , Howard , S.K. , Mac , D.T. , Wang , C. , Kwan , S. , Rosekind , M.R. , Sowb , Y. , Ballise , R. , Levis , J. and Gaba , D.M . 2006 . Improving alertness and performance in emergency department physicians and nurses: the use of planned naps . Annals of Emergency Medicine , 48 ( 5 ) : 596 – 604 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi , M. , Nakata , A. , Haratani , T. , Ogawa , Y. and Arito , H . 2004 . Post-lunch nap as a worksite intervention to promote alertness on the job . Ergonomics , 47 ( 9 ) : 1003 – 1013 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandewalle , G. , Maquet , P. and Dijk , D.J. 2009 . Light as a modulator of cognitive brain function . Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 13 ( 10 ) : 429 – 438 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar