850
Views
16
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Driver-centred vehicle automation: using network analysis for agent-based modelling of the driver in highly automated driving systems

&
Pages 1442-1452 | Received 20 Jan 2015, Accepted 18 Jan 2016, Published online: 25 Feb 2016

References

  • Bainbridge, L. 1983. “Ironies of Automation.” Automatica 19 (6): 775–779.10.1016/0005-1098(83)90046-8
  • Baber, C., N. A. Stanton, J. Atkinson, R. McMaster, and R. J. Houghton. 2013. “Using Social Network Analysis and Agent-Based Modelling to Explore Information Flow Using Common Operational Pictures for Maritime Search and Rescue Operations.” Ergonomics 56 (6): 889–905.10.1080/00140139.2013.788216
  • Banks, V. A., and N. A. Stanton. 2014. “Hands and Feet Free Driving: Ready or Not?” Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation: Part II 8: 55–63.
  • Banks, V. A., N. A. Stanton, C. Harvey. 2013. “What the Crash Dummies Don’t Tell You: The Interaction between Driver and Automation in Emergency Situations.” Proceedings of the 16th International IEEE Annual Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC 2013), 2280–2285. The Hague, October 6–9.
  • Banks, V. A., N. A. Stanton, and C. Harvey. 2014. “Sub-Systems on the Road to Vehicle Automation: Hands and Feet Free but Not ‘Mind’ Free Driving.” Safety Science 62: 505–514.10.1016/j.ssci.2013.10.014
  • Benta, M. 2005. “Studying Communication Networks with AGNA 2.1.” Cognition Brain Behaviour 9: 567–574.
  • Billings, C. E. 1988. “Toward Human Centred Automation.” In Flight Deck Automation: Promises and Realities, edited by S. D. Norman and H. W. Orlady, 167–190. Moffet Field, CA: NASA-Ames Research Center.
  • Brookhuis, K., D. de Waard. 2006. The Consequences of Automation for Driver Behaviour and Acceptance. Proceedings of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA).
  • Builder, C. H., S. C. Bankes, and R. Nordin. 1999. Command Concepts: A Theory Derived from the Practice of Command and Control. Santa Monica, CA: Rand.
  • Carsten, O., F. C. H. Lai, Y. Barnard, and A. H. Jamson, N. Merat. 2012. “Control Task Substitution in Semiautomated Driving: Does It Matter What Aspects Are Automated?” Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 54 (5): 747–761.10.1177/0018720812460246
  • Daimler. 2013a. DISTRONIC pLUS: Warns and Assists the Driver [Company Website]. Retrieved from http://www.daimler.com/dccom/0-5-1210218-1-1210321-1-0-0-1210228-0-0-135-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0.html.
  • Daimler. 2013b. Autobahn Pilot [Company Website]. Retrieved from http://media.daimler.com/dcmedia/0-921-614216-1-702589-1-0-0-0-0-1-12759-614216-0-0-0-31-0-0-0.html
  • Desmond, P. A., P. A. Hancock, and J. L. Monette. 1998. “Fatigue and Automation-Induced Impairments in Simulated Driving Performance.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1628: 8–14.10.3141/1628-02
  • Dingus, T. A., A. W. Gellatly, and S. J. Reinach. 1997. “Human Computer Interaction Applications for Intelligent Transportation Systems.” In Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction. rev ed, edited by M. Helander, T. K. Landauerand and P. Prabhu, 1259–1282. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • de Winter, J. C. F., R. Happee, M. H. Martens, and N. A. Stanton. 2014. “Effects of Adaptive Cruise Control and Highly Automated Driving on Workload and Situation Awareness: A Review of the Empirical Evidence.” Transportation Research Part F. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2014.06.016.
  • Dozza, M. 2012. “What Factors Influence Drivers’ Response Time for Evasive Maneuvers in Real Traffic?” Accident Analysis & Prevention 58: 299–308.
  • Endsley, M. R. 1995. “Toward a Theory of Situation Awareness in Dynamic Systems.” Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37 (1): 32–64.10.1518/001872095779049543
  • Endsley, M. R., and E. O. Kiris. 1995. “The out-of-the-Loop Performance Problem and Level of Control in Automation.” Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37 (2): 381–394.10.1518/001872095779064555
  • Farrell, S., and S. Lewandowsky. 2000. “A Connectionist Model of Complacency and Adaptive Recovery under Automation.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 26 (2): 395.
  • Fleming, B. 2012. “New Automotive Electronics Technologies.” IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine 7: 4–12. doi:10.1109/mvt.2012.2218144.
  • Flemisch, F. O., C. A. Adams, S. R. Conway, K. H. Goodrich, M. T. Palmer, and P. C. Schutte. 2003. The H-Metaphor as a Guideline for Vehicle Automation and Interaction, 2003. Hampton: NASA, Langley Research Center.
  • Flemisch, F. O., K. Bengler, H. Bubb, H. Winner, and R. Bruder. 2014. “Towards Cooperative Guidance and Control of Highly Automated Vehicles: H-Mode and Conduct-by-Wire.” Ergonomics 57 (3): 343–360.10.1080/00140139.2013.869355
  • Flemisch, F., M. Heesen, T. Hesse, J. Kelsch, A. Schieben, and J. Beller. 2012. “Towards a Dynamic Balance between Humans and Automation: Authority, Ability, Responsibility and Control in Shared and Cooperative Situations.” Cognition, Technology & Work 14: 3–18.
  • Griffin, T. G. C., M. S. Young, and N. A. Stanton. 2010. “Investigating Accident Causation through Information Network Modelling.” Ergonomics 53 (2): 198–210.10.1080/00140130903125165
  • Hancock, P. A., and R. Parasuraman. 1992. “Human Factors and Safety in the Design of Intelligent Vehicle-Highway Systems (IVHS).” Journal of Safety Research 23 (4): 181–198.10.1016/0022-4375(92)90001-P
  • Harris, C. J., and I. White. 1987. Advances in Command, Control & Communication Systems. London: Peregrinus.
  • Harvey, C., and N. A. Stanton. 2014. “Safety in System-of-Systems: Ten Key Challenges.” Safety Science 70: 358–366.10.1016/j.ssci.2014.07.009
  • Hoc, J. M. 2000. “From Human – Machine Interaction to Human – Machine Cooperation.” Ergonomics 43 (7): 833–843.10.1080/001401300409044
  • Hoeger, R., A. Amditis, M. Kunert, A. Hoess, F. Flemish, H. P. Krueger, and K. Pagle. 2008. “Highly Automated Vehicles for Intelligent Transport: Have-It Approach.” 15th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems and ITS America’s 2008 Annual Meeting
  • Houghton, R. J., C. Baber, R. McMaster, N. A. Stanton, P. M. Salmon, R. Stewart, and G. H. Walker. 2006. “Command and Control in Emergency Services Operations: A Social Network Analysis.” Ergonomics 49 (12-13): 1204–1225.10.1080/00140130600619528
  • Hutchins, E. 1995. “How a Cockpit Remembers Its Speeds.” Cognitive Science 19 (3): 265–288.10.1207/s15516709cog1903_1
  • Jamson, A. Hamish, N. Merat, O. M. J. Carsten, and F. C. H. Lai. 2013. “Behavioural Changes in Drivers Experiencing Highly-Automated Vehicle Control in Varying Traffic Conditions.” Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 30: 116–125.10.1016/j.trc.2013.02.008
  • Kaber, D. B., and M. R. Endsley. 2004. “The Effects of Level of Automation and Adaptive Automation on Human Performance, Situation Awareness and Workload in a Dynamic Control Task.” Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 5 (2): 113–153.10.1080/1463922021000054335
  • Kienle, M., D. Damböck, J. Kelsch, F. Flemisch, K. Bengler. 2009. Towards an H-Mode for Highly Automated Vehicles: Driving with Side Sticks. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, 19–23.
  • Larsson, A. F. L. 2012. “Driver Usage and Understanding of Adaptive Cruise Control.” Applied Ergonomics 43 (3): 501–506.10.1016/j.apergo.2011.08.005
  • Larsson, A. F. L., K. Kircher, J. A. Hultgren. 2014. “Learning from Experience: Familiarity with ACC and Responding to a Cut-in Situation in Automated Driving.” Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 27 (B): 229–237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2014.05.008.10.1016/j.trf.2014.05.008
  • Lee, J. D., and K. A. See. 2004. “Trust in Automation: Designing for Appropriate Reliance.” Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 46: 50–80.10.1518/hfes.46.1.50.30392
  • Merat, N., A. H Jamson. 2009. “How Do Drivers Behave in a Highly Automated Car?.” Proceedings of the Fifth International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle Design, 514–521. Big Sky, MT, June 22–25, 2009.
  • Merat, N., A. H. Jamson, F. C Lai, M. Daly, O. M. Carsten. 2014. Transition to Manual: Driver Behaviour When Resuming Control from a Highly Automated Vehicle. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 27(B): 274–282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2014.09.005.10.1016/j.trf.2014.09.005
  • National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. 2013. Preliminary Statement of Policy concerning Automated Vehicles System. Washington, DC.
  • Nilsson, L. 1995. “Safety Effects of Adaptive Cruise Control in Critical Traffic Situations.” Proceedings of the Second World Congress on Intelligent Transport.
  • Norman, D. A. 1990. “The 'Problem' with Automation: Inappropriate Feedback and Interaction, Not 'Over-Automation'.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 327 (1241): 585–593.10.1098/rstb.1990.0101
  • Parasuraman, R., R. Molloy, and I. L. Singh. 1993. “Performance Consequences of Automation-Induced ‘Complacency’.” The International Journal of Aviation Psychology 3: 1–23.10.1207/s15327108ijap0301_1
  • Peng, Y., L. Boyle, and S. L. Hallmark. 2013. “Driver’s Lane Keeping Ability with Eyes off Road: Insights from a Naturalistic Study.” Accident Analysis & Prevention 50: 628–634.
  • Rasmussen, J., A. M. Pijtersen, and L. P. Goodstein. 1994. Cognitive Systems Engineering. New York: Wiley.
  • Rudin-Brown, C., and H. Parker. 2004. “Behavioural Adaptation to Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC): Implications for Preventive Strategies.” Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 7: 59–76.10.1016/j.trf.2004.02.001
  • Salmon, P. M., M. G. Lenne, G. H. Walker, N. A. Stanton, and A. Filtness. 2014. “Using the Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork (EAST) to Explore Conflicts between Different Road User Groups When Making Right Hand Turns at Urban Intersections.” Ergonomics 57 (11): 1628–1642.10.1080/00140139.2014.945491
  • Salmon, P. M., N. A. Stanton, G. H. Walker, C. Baber, D. P. Jenkins, R. McMaster, and M. S. Young. 2008. “What Really is Going on? Review of Situation Awareness Models for Individuals and Teams.” Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 9 (4): 297–323.10.1080/14639220701561775
  • Sarter, N. B., D. D. Woods, and C. E. Billings. 1997. “Automation Surprises.” In Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics. 2nd ed., edited by G. Salvendy, 1926–1943. New York: Wiley.
  • Sorensen, L. J., and N. A. Stanton. 2013. “Y is Best: How Distributed Situational Awareness is Mediated by Organisational Structure and Correlated with Task Success.” Safety Science 56: 72–79.10.1016/j.ssci.2012.05.026
  • Soualmi, B., C. Sentouh, J. C. Popieul, and S. Debernard. 2014. “Automation-Driver Cooperative Driving in Presence of Undetected Obstacles.” Control Engineering Practice 24: 106–119.10.1016/j.conengprac.2013.11.015
  • Sheridan, T. B. 1988. “Trustworthiness of Command and Control Systems.” IF ACMan-Machine Systems 427–431.
  • Stanton, N. A. 2014a. “Representing Distributed Cognition in Complex Systems: How a Submarine Returns to Periscope Depth.” Ergonomics 57 (3): 403–418.10.1080/00140139.2013.772244
  • Stanton, N. A. 2014b. “EAST: A Method for Investigating Social, Information and Task Networks.” In Contemporary Ergonomics and Human Factors 2014: Proceedings of the International Conference on Ergonomics & Human Factors, 2014, Southampton, 7–10 April, 395–402. CRC Press.
  • Stanton, N. A., and C. Baber. 2006. “The Ergonomics of Command and Control.” Ergonomics 49 (12-13): 1131–1138.10.1080/00140130600612523
  • Stanton, N., C. Baber, and D. Harris. 2008. Modelling Command and Control: Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork. Aldershot: Ashgate.
  • Stanton, N. A., A. Dunoyer, and A. Leatherland. 2011. “Detection of New in-Path Targets by Drivers Using Stop & Go Adaptive Cruise Control.” Applied Ergonomics 42 (4): 592–601.10.1016/j.apergo.2010.08.016
  • Stanton, N. A., and P. Marsden. 1996. “From Fly-by-Wire to Drive-by-Wire: Safety Implications of Automation in Vehicles.” Safety Science 24 (1): 35–49.10.1016/S0925-7535(96)00067-7
  • Stanton, N. A., P. M. Salmon, L. Rafferty, G. H. Walker, C. Baber, and D. P. Jenkins. 2013. Human Factors Methods: A Practical Guide for Engineering and Design. Aldershot: Ashgate.
  • Stanton, N. A., P. M. Salmon, G. H. Walker. 2015. Let the Reader Decide: a Paradigm Shift for Situation Awareness in Socio-Technical Systems. Journal of Cognitive Ergonomics and Decision Making. (in press).
  • Stanton, N. A., R. Stewart, D. Harris, R. J. Houghton, C. Baber, R. McMaster, and P. Salmon. 2006. “Distributed Situation Awareness in Dynamic Systems: Theoretical Development and Application of an Ergonomics Methodology.” Ergonomics 49 (12-13): 1288–1311.10.1080/00140130600612762
  • Stanton, N. A., and M. S. Young. 2005. “Driver Behaviour with Adaptive Cruise Control.” Ergonomics 48 (10): 1294–1313.10.1080/00140130500252990
  • Stanton, N. A., M. S. Young, and B. McCaulder. 1997. “Drive-by-Wire: The Case of Driver Workload and Reclaiming Control with Adaptive Cruise Control.” Safety Science 27 (2-3): 149–159.10.1016/S0925-7535(97)00054-4
  • Stanton, N. A., M. S. Young, G. H. Walker, H. Turner, and S. Randle. 2001. “Automating the Driver’s Control Tasks.” International Journal of Cognitive Ergonomics 5 (3): 221–236.10.1207/S15327566IJCE0503_5
  • Stewart, R., N. A. Stanton, D. Harris, C. Baber, P. Salmon, M. Mock, K. Tatlock, L. Wells, and A. Kay. 2008. “Distributed Situation Awareness in an Airborne Warning and Control System: Application of Novel Ergonomics Methodology.” Cognition, Technology & Work 10 (3): 221–229.
  • Strand, N., J. Nilsson, M. I. Karlsson, and L. Nilsson. 2011. “Exploring End-User Experiences: Self-Perceived Notions on Use of Adaptive Cruise Control Systems.” Transport Systems, IET, 134–140. Selected papers from the 2nd European Conference on Human Centered Design in ITS.
  • Strand, N., J. Nilsson, I. C. Karlsson, and L. Nilsson. 2014. “Semi-Automated Highly Automated Driving in Critical Situations Caused by Automation Failures.” Transportation Research Part F. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2014.04.005.
  • Valero-Mora, P. M., A. Tontsch, R. Welsh, A. Morris, S. Reed, K. Touliou, and D. Margaritis. 2013. “Is Naturalistic Driving Research Possible with Highly Instrumented Cars? Lessons Learnt in Three Research Centres.” Accident Analysis & Prevention 58: 187–194.
  • Vollrath, M., S. Schleicher, and C. Gelau. 2011. “The Influence of Cruise Control and Adaptive Cruise Control on Driving Behaviour – A Driving Simulator Study.” Accident, Analysis and Prevention 43 (3): 1134–1139.
  • Walker, G. H., H. Gibson, N. A. Stanton, C. Baber, P. M. Salmon, and D. Green. 2006. “Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork (EAST): a Novel Integration of Ergonomics Methods to Analyse C4i Activity.” Ergonomics 49 (12-13): 1345–1369.10.1080/00140130600612846
  • Walker, G. H., N. A. Stanton, C. Baber, L. Wells, H. Gibson, P. Salmon, and D. Jenkins. 2010. “From Ethnography to the EAST Method: A Tractable Approach for Representing Distributed Cognition in Air Traffic Control.” Ergonomics 53 (2): 184–197.10.1080/00140130903171672
  • Walker, G. H., N. A. Stanton, R. Stewart, D. Jenkins, L. Wells, P. Salmon, and C. Baber. 2009. “Using an Integrated Methods Approach to Analyse the Emergent Properties of Military Command and Control.” Applied Ergonomics 40 (4): 636–647.10.1016/j.apergo.2008.05.003
  • Walker, G. H., N. A. Stanton, M. S. Young. 2001. Hierarchical Task Analysis of Driving: A New Research Tool. In M. A. Hanson (ed.), Annual Conference of the Ergonomics Society (pp. 435–440).
  • Weyer, J., Robin D. Fink, and F. Adelt. 2015. “Human–Machine Cooperation in Smart Cars. an Empirical Investigation of the Loss-of-Control Thesis.” Safety Science 72: 199–208.10.1016/j.ssci.2014.09.004
  • Wickens, C. D., and J. G. Hollands. 2000. Engineering Psychology and Human Performance. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Wiegmann, D. A., A. Rich, and H. Zhang. 2001. “Automated Diagnostic Aids: The Effects of Aid Reliability on Users' Trust and Reliance.” Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 2: 352–367.10.1080/14639220110110306
  • Winner, H., S. Hakuli. 2006. “Conduct-by-Wire-following a New Paradigm for Driving into the Future.” Proceedings of FISITA World Automotive Congress, Yokohama, October 22–27
  • Young, K. L., P. M. Salmon, and M. Cornelissen. 2012. “Missing Links? The Effects of Distraction on Driver Situation Awareness.” Safety Science 56: 36–43.
  • Young, M. S., and N. A. Stanton. 2002. “Malleable Attentional Resources Theory: A New Explanation for the Effects of Mental Underload on Performance.” Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 44 (3): 365–375.10.1518/0018720024497709
  • Young, M. S., and N. A. Stanton. 2004. “Taking the Load off: Investigations of How Adaptive Cruise Control Affects Mental Workload.” Ergonomics 47 (9): 1014–1035.10.1080/00140130410001686348
  • Young, M. S., and N. A. Stanton. 2007a. “What's Skill Got to Do with It? Vehicle Automation and Driver Mental Workload.” Ergonomics 50 (8): 1324–1339.10.1080/00140130701318855
  • Young, M. S., and N. A. Stanton. 2007b. “back to the Future: Brake Reaction times for Manual and Automated Vehicles.” Ergonomics 50 (1): 46–58.10.1080/00140130600980789
  • Zheng, P., and M. McDonald. 2005. “Manual Vs. Adaptive Cruise Control – Can Driver’s Expectation Be Matched?” Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 13: 421–431.10.1016/j.trc.2005.05.001

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.