0
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

On the road to comfort: Evaluating the influence of motion predictability on motion sickness in automated vehicles

ORCID Icon, , , , , ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon show all
Received 18 Jan 2024, Accepted 21 Jun 2024, Published online: 31 Jul 2024

References

  • Akçelik, R., and D. C. Biggs. 1987. “Acceleration Profile Models for Vehicles in Road Traffic.” Transportation Science 21 (1): 36–54. doi:10.1287/trsc.21.1.36.
  • Akima, H. 1970. “A New Method of Interpolation and Smooth Curve Fitting Based on Local Procedures.” Journal of the ACM 17 (4): 589–602. doi:10.1145/321607.321609.
  • American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. 2018. A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets. 7th ed. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
  • Barendswaard, S., D. M. Pool, E. R. Boer, and D. A. Abbink. 2019. “A Classification Method for Driver Trajectories during Curve-Negotiation.” Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), Bari, Italy, 3729–3734. doi:10.1109/SMC.2019.8914301.
  • Bohrmann, D., A. Bruder, and K. Bengler. 2022. “Effects of Dynamic Visual Stimuli on the Development of Carsickness in Real Driving.” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 23 (5): 4833–4842. doi:10.1109/TITS.2021.3128834.
  • Bos, J. E., S. N. MacKinnon, and A. Patterson. 2005. “Motion Sickness Symptoms in a Ship Motion Simulator: Effects of Inside, Outside, and No View.” Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 76 (12): 1111–1118.
  • Bosetti, P., M. D. Lio, and A. Saroldi. 2014. “On the Human Control of Vehicles: An Experimental Study of Acceleration.” European Transport Research Review 6 (2): 157–170. doi:10.1007/s12544-013-0120-2.
  • Cohen, J. 1988. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Mahway, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Dean, R. T., and W. T. M. Dunsmuir. 2016. “Dangers and Uses of Cross-Correlation in Analyzing Time Series in Perception, Performance, Movement, and Neuroscience: The Importance of Constructing Transfer Function Autoregressive Models.” Behavior Research Methods 48 (2): 783–802. doi:10.3758/s13428-015-0611-2.
  • Diels, C., and J. E. Bos. 2016. “Self-Driving Carsickness.” Applied Ergonomics 53 (Part B): 374–382. doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2015.09.009.
  • Diels, C., J. E. Bos, K. Hottelart, and P. Reilhac. 2016. “The Impact of Display Position on Motion Sickness in Automated Vehicles: An On-Road Study.” Poster presented at the Automated Vehicles Symposium, San Francisco, CA. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.3696.4081.
  • Dong, X., K. Yoshida, and T. A. Stoffregen. 2011. “Control of a Virtual Vehicle Influences Postural Activity and Motion Sickness.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 17 (2): 128–138. doi:10.1037/a0024097.
  • Donohew, B. E., and M. J. Griffin. 2004. “Motion Sickness: Effect of the Frequency of Lateral Oscillation.” Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 75 (8): 649–656.
  • Eisinga, R., M. te Grotenhuis, and B. Pelzer. 2013. “The Reliability of a Two-Item Scale: Pearson, Cronbach, or Spearman-Brown?” International Journal of Public Health 58 (4): 637–642. doi:10.1007/s00038-012-0416-3.
  • Englebert, B. J. V. 2022. “Evaluating the Influence of Motion Predictability on Motion Sickness in Automated Vehicles.” Unpublished MSc Thesis. Delft, The Netherlands: Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology.
  • Faul, F., E. Erdfelder, A.-G. Lang, and A. Buchner. 2007. “G*Power 3: A Flexible Statistical Power Analysis Program for the Social, Behavioral, and Biomedical Sciences.” Behavior Research Methods 39 (2): 175–191. doi:10.3758/bf03193146.
  • Feng, F., S. Bao, J. R. Sayer, C. Flannagan, M. Manser, and R. Wunderlich. 2017. “Can Vehicle Longitudinal Jerk Be Used to Identify Aggressive Drivers? An Examination using Naturalistic Driving Data.” Accident Analysis & Prevention 104: 125–136. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2017.04.012.
  • Flynn, T. I., A. J. McAllister, C. Wilkinson, and G. P. Siegmund. 2021. “Typical Acceleration Profiles for Left-Turn Maneuvers Based on SHRP2 Naturalistic Driving Data.” SAE Technical Paper 2021-01-0889. Proceedings of the SAE WCX Digital Summit. doi:10.4271/2021-01-0889.
  • Fujisawa, S., T. Wada, N. Kamiji, and S. Doi. 2009. “Analysis of Head Tilt Strategy of Car Drivers.” Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers, Fukuoka, Japan, 4161–4165.
  • Fukuda, T. 1976. “Postural Behaviour and Motion Sickness.” Acta Oto-Laryngologica 81 (3–6): 237–241. doi:10.3109/00016487609119955.
  • Golding, J. F. 2006. “Predicting Individual Differences in Motion Sickness Susceptibility by Questionnaire.” Personality and Individual Differences 41 (2): 237–248. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.01.012.
  • Golding, J. F., W. Bles, J. E. Bos, T. Haynes, and M. A. Gresty. 2003. “Motion Sickness and Tilts of the Inertial Force Environment: Active Suspension Systems vs. Active Passengers.” Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 74 (3): 220–227.
  • Griffin, M. J., and M. M. Newman. 2004a. “An Experimental Study of Low-Frequency Motion in Cars.” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 218 (11): 1231–1238. doi:10.1243/0954407042580093.
  • Griffin, M. J., and M. M. Newman. 2004b. “Visual Field Effects on Motion Sickness in Cars.” Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 75 (9): 739–748.
  • Groen, E. L., and W. Bles. 2004. “How to Use Body Tilt for the Simulation of Linear Self Motion.” Journal of Vestibular Research 14 (5): 375–385. doi:10.3233/VES-2004-14503.
  • Hainich, R., U. Drewitz, K. Ihme, J. Lauermann, M. Niedling, and M. Oehl. 2021. “Evaluation of a Human–Machine Interface for Motion Sickness Mitigation Utilizing Anticipatory Ambient Light Cues in a Realistic Automated Driving Setting.” Information 12 (4): 176. doi:10.3390/info12040176.
  • Heerspink, H. M., W. R. Berkouwer, O. Stroosma, M. M. van Paassen, M. Mulder, and J. A. Mulder. 2005. “Evaluation of Vestibular Thresholds for Motion Detection in the SIMONA Research Simulator.” Paper No. AIAA-2005-6502. Proceedings of the AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference, San Francisco, CA. doi:10.2514/6.2005-6502.
  • Irmak, T., D. M. Pool, and R. Happee. 2021. “Objective and Subjective Responses to Motion Sickness: The Group and the Individual.” Experimental Brain Research 239 (2): 515–531. doi:10.1007/s00221-020-05986-6.
  • Jones, M. L. H., V. C. Le, S. M. Ebert, K. H. Sienko, M. P. Reed, and J. R. Sayer. 2019. “Motion Sickness in Passenger Vehicles during Test Track Operations.” Ergonomics 62 (10): 1357–1371. doi:10.1080/00140139.2019.1632938.
  • Karjanto, J., N. Md. Yusof, C. Wang, J. M. B. Terken, F. L. M. Delbressine, and G. W. M. Rauterberg. 2018. “The Effect of Peripheral Visual Feedforward System in Enhancing Situation Awareness and Mitigating Motion Sickness in Fully Automated Driving.” Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 58: 678–692. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2018.06.046.
  • Karjanto, J., N. Md. Yusof, J. M. B. Terken, F. L. M. Delbressine, M. Z. Hassan, and G. W. M. Rauterberg. 2016. “Simulating Autonomous Driving Styles: Accelerations for Three Road Profiles.” Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Automotive Innovation and Green Vehicle (AiGEV 2016), Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia. doi:10.1051/matecconf/20179001005.
  • Kato, K., K. Suzuki, and C. Honda. 2021. “Reduction of Carsickness using a Headrest with Support to Suppress Head Motion.” Proceedings of the 3rd International Comfort Congress, Nottingham, United Kingdom, 123–128.
  • Kennedy, R. S., K. M. Stanney, and W. P. Dunlap. 2000. “Duration and Exposure to Virtual Environments: Sickness Curves during and across Sessions.” Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 9 (5): 463–472. doi:10.1162/105474600566952.
  • Kim, J., S.-M. Lee, H. Son, and T. Park. 2023. “Effects of Unlimited Angular Motion Cue and Cue Discrepancy on Simulator Sickness.” Expert Systems with Applications 213 (Part C): 119196. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2022.119196.
  • Kremer, C., M. Tomzig, N. Merkel, and A. Neukum. 2022. “Using Active Seat Belt Retractions to Mitigate Motion Sickness in Automated Driving.” Vehicles 4 (3): 825–842. doi:10.3390/vehicles4030046.
  • Kuiper, O. X., J. E. Bos, and C. Diels. 2018. “Looking Forward: In-Vehicle Auxiliary Display Positioning Affects Carsickness.” Applied Ergonomics 68: 169–175. doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2017.11.002.
  • Kuiper, O. X., J. E. Bos, C. Diels, and E. A. Schmidt. 2020a. “Knowing What’s Coming: Anticipatory Audio Cues Can Mitigate Motion Sickness.” Applied Ergonomics 85: 103068. doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2020.103068.
  • Kuiper, O. X., J. E. Bos, E. A. Schmidt, C. Diels, and S. Wolter. 2020b. “Knowing What’s Coming: Unpredictable Motion Causes More Motion Sickness.” Human Factors 62 (8): 1339–1348. doi:10.1177/0018720819876139.
  • Li, D., and L. Chen. 2022. “Mitigating Motion Sickness in Automated Vehicles with Vibration Cue System.” Ergonomics 65 (10): 1313–1325. doi:10.1080/00140139.2022.2028902.
  • Maculewicz, J., P. Larsson, and J. Fagerlönn. 2021. “Intuitive and Subtle Motion-Anticipatory Auditory Cues Reduce Motion Sickness in Self-Driving Cars.” International Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics 8 (4): 370–392. doi:10.1504/IJHFE.2021.119053.
  • McCauley, M. E., J. W. Royal, C. D. Wylie, J. F. O’Hanlon, and R. R. Mackie. 1976. Motion Sickness Incidence: Exploratory Studies of Habituation, Pitch and Roll, and the Refinement of a Mathematical Model. Technical Report 1733-2. Goleta, CA: Human Factors Research, Inc.
  • Mills, K. L., and M. J. Griffin. 2000. “Effect of Seating, Vision and Direction of Horizontal Oscillation on Motion Sickness.” Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 71 (10): 996–1002.
  • Mittelstaedt, J. M. 2020. “Individual Predictors of the Susceptibility for Motion-Related Sickness: A Systematic Review.” Journal of Vestibular Research 30 (3): 165–193. doi:10.3233/VES-200702.
  • Probst, T., S. Krafczyk, W. Büchele, and T. Brandt. 1982. “Visuelle Prävention der Bewegungskrankheit im Auto [Visual Prevention of Motion Sickness in Cars].” Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten 231: 409–421. doi:10.1007/BF00342721.
  • Reason, J. T., and J. J. Brand. 1975. Motion Sickness. Cambridge, MA: Academic Press.
  • Reid, L. D., and M. A. Nahon. 1985. Flight Simulation Motion-Base Drive Algorithms: Part I – Developing and Testing the Equations. UTIAS Report No. 296. Toronto, ON, Canada: University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies.
  • Ren, X., H. Zhang, X. Wang, W. Zhang, and W. Yu. 2023. “Quantification and Pictorial Expression of Driving Status Domain Boundaries for Autonomous Vehicles in LTAP/OD Scenarios.” World Electric Vehicle Journal 14 (7): 187. doi:10.3390/wevj14070187.
  • Reuten, A. J. C., S. A. E. Nooij, J. E. Bos, and J. B. J.Smeets. 2021. “How Feelings of Unpleasantness Develop during the Progression of Motion Sickness Symptoms.” Experimental Brain Research 239 (12): 3615–3624. doi:10.1007/s00221-021-06226-1.
  • Reuten, A. J. C., J. B. J. Smeets, J. Rausch, M. H. Martens, E. A. Schmidt, and J. E. Bos. 2023. “The (In)effectiveness of Anticipatory Vibrotactile Cues in Mitigating Motion Sickness.” Experimental Brain Research 241 (5): 1251–1261. doi:10.1007/s00221-023-06596-8.
  • Riccio, G. E., and T. A. Stoffregen. 1991. “An Ecological Theory of Motion Sickness and Postural Instability.” Ecological Psychology 3 (3): 195–240. doi:10.1207/s15326969eco0303_2.
  • Rolnick, A., and R. E. Lubow. 1991. “Why Is the Driver Rarely Motion Sick? The Role of Controllability in Motion Sickness.” Ergonomics 34 (7): 867–879. doi:10.1080/00140139108964831.
  • Siddiqi, M. R., A. Saharkhiz, S. Milani, C. Fu, R. N. Jazar, and H. Marzbani. 2022. “Analysis for Comfortable Handling and Motion Sickness Minimization in Autonomous Vehicles using Ergonomic Path Planning with Cost Function Evaluation.” SAE International Journal of Connected and Automated Vehicles 5 (2): 147–163. doi:10.4271/12-05-02-0013.
  • Stroosma, O., M. M. van Paassen, and M. Mulder. 2003. “Using the SIMONA Research Simulator for Human-Machine Interaction Research.” Paper No. AIAA-2003-5525. Proceedings of the AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit, Austin, TX. doi:10.2514/6.2003-5525.
  • Turner, M., and M. J. Griffin. 1999a. “Motion Sickness in Public Road Transport: Passenger Behaviour and Susceptibility.” Ergonomics 42 (3): 444–461. doi:10.1080/001401399185586.
  • Turner, M., and M. J. Griffin. 1999b. “Motion Sickness in Public Road Transport: The Effect of Driver, Route and Vehicle.” Ergonomics 42 (12): 1646–1664. doi:10.1080/001401399184730.
  • Wada, T. 2016. “Motion Sickness in Automated Vehicles.” In Advanced Vehicle Control. Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Advanced Vehicle Control (AVEC’16), Munich Germany, edited by Edelmann, J., Plöchl, M., and Pfeffer, P. E. London, United Kingdom: CRC Press.
  • Wada, T., S. Fujisawa, and S. Doi. 2018. “Analysis of Driver’s Head Tilt using a Mathematical Model of Motion Sickness.” International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 63: 89–97. doi:10.1016/j.ergon.2016.11.003.
  • Wada, T., H. Konno, S. Fujisawa, and S. Doi. 2012. “Can Passengers’ Active Head Tilt Decrease the Severity of Carsickness? Effect of Head Tilt on Severity of Motion Sickness in a Lateral Acceleration Environment.” Human Factors 54 (2): 226–234. doi:10.1177/0018720812436584.
  • Wada, T., and K. Yoshida. 2016. “Effect of Passengers’ Active Head Tilt and Opening/Closure of Eyes on Motion Sickness in Lateral Acceleration Environment of Cars.” Ergonomics 59 (8): 1050–1059. doi:10.1080/00140139.2015.1109713.
  • Wang, J., K. K. Dixon, H. Li, and J. Ogle. 2004. “Normal Acceleration Behavior of Passenger Vehicles Starting from Rest at All-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections.” Transportation Research Record 1883 (1): 158–166. doi:10.3141/1883-18.
  • Wang, J., K. K. Dixon, H. Li, and J. Ogle. 2005. “Normal Deceleration Behavior of Passenger Vehicles at Stop Sign–Controlled Intersections Evaluated with In-Vehicle Global Positioning System Data.” Transportation Research Record 1937 (1): 120–127. doi:10.1177/0361198105193700117.
  • Wijlens, R., M. M. van Paassen, M. Mulder, A. Takamatsu, M. Makita, and T. Wada. 2022. “Reducing Motion Sickness by Manipulating an Autonomous Vehicle’s Accelerations.” Proceedings of the 15th IFAC Symposium on Analysis, Design and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems, San Jose, CA. doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.10.244.
  • Wolfermann, A., W. K. M. Alhajyaseen, and H. Nakamura. 2011. “Modeling Speed Profiles of Turning Vehicles at Signalized Intersections.” Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Road Safety and Simulation, Indianapolis, IN.
  • Zikovitz, D. C., and L. R. Harris. 1999. “Head Tilt during Driving.” Ergonomics 42 (5): 740–746. doi:10.1080/001401399185414.