Concurrent duration production as a workload measure

References

• BARTOLUSSI , M. R. , KANTOWITZ , B. H. and HART , S. G. 1986 . Measuring pilot workload in a motion base trainer . Applied Ergonomics , 17 : 278 – 283 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BLOCK , R. A. 1992 . “ Prospective and retrospective duration judgement: the role of information processing and memory ” . In Time, Action and Cognition , Edited by: Macar , F. , Pouthas , V. and Friedman , W. J. 141 – 152 . Dordrecht : Kluwer .
   Google Scholar
• BOLTZ , M. 1989 . Time judgements of musical endings: effects of expectancies on the ‘filled interval effect’ . Perception & Psychophysics , 46 : 409 – 418 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BROWN , S. W. 1996 . Attentional resources in riming: interference effects in concurrent temporal and non-temporal working memory tasks . Perception & Psychophysics , 59 : 1118 – 1140 .
   Google Scholar
• BROWN , S. W. and WEST , A. N. 1990 . Multiple timing and the allocation of attention . Acta Psychologica , 75 : 103 – 121 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CASALI , J. G. and WIERWILLE , W. W. 1983 . A comparison of rating scale, secondary-task, physiological, and primary-task workload estimation techniques in a simulated fight task emphasizing communications load . Human Factors , 25 : 623 – 641 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CASALI , J. G. and WIERWILLE , W. W. 1984 . On the measurement of pilot perceptual workload: a comparison of assessment techniques addressing sensitivity and intrusion issues . Ergonomics , 27 : 1033 – 1050 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CLAUSEN , J. 1950 . An evaluation of experimental methods of time judgement . Journal of Experimental Psychology , 40 : 756 – 761 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• COOPER , G. E. and HARPER , R. P. Jr. 1969 . The use of a pilot rating in the evaluation of aircraft handling qualities , NASA report TN-D-5143 Moffett Field, CA : NASA-Ames Research Center .
   Google Scholar
• DYER , K. N. 1973 . The Stroop phenomenon and its use in the study of perceptual cognitive and response processes . Memory & Cognition , 1 : 106 – 120 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FORTIN , C. and ROUSSEAU , R. 1987 . Time estimation as an index of processing demand in memory . Perception & Psychophysics , 42 : 377 – 382 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FRAISSE , P. 1963 . The Psychology of Time , New York : Harper & Row .
   Google Scholar
• GOPHER , D. and BRAUNE , R. 1984 . On the psychophysics of workload: why bother with subjective mesures? . Human Factors , 26 : 519 – 532 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOPHER , D. and DONCHIN , E. 1986 . “ Workload — An examination of the concept ” . In Handbook of Perception and Human Performance , Edited by: Boff , K. , Kaufman , L. and Thomas , J. P. 41 – 49 . New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• HANCOCK , P. A. and MESHKATI , N. , eds. 1988 . Human Mental Workload , Amsterdam : North- Holland Press .
   Google Scholar
• HART , S. G. Time estimation as a secondary task to measure workload . Proceedings, 11th Annual Conference on Manual Control . pp. 64 – 77 . Washington, DC : US Government Printing Office .
   Google Scholar
• HART , S. G. Time estimation as a secondary task to measure workload: summary of research . Proceedings of the 14th Annual Conference on Manual Control (NASA CD-2060) . pp. 82 – 90 . Washington, DC : NASA .
   Google Scholar
• HART , S. G. and STAVELAND , L. E. 1988 . “ Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): results of empirical and theoretical research ” . In Human Mental Workload , Edited by: Hancock , P. A. and Meshkati , N. 139 – 183 . Amsterdam : North-Holland Press .
   Google Scholar
• HART , S. G. and WICKENS , C. D. 1990 . “ Workload assessment and prediction ” . In MANPRINT: An Approach to Systems Integration , Edited by: Booher , H. R. 257 – 294 . New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold .
   Google Scholar
• HART , S. G. , MCPHERSON , D. and LOOMIS , L. L. Time estimation as a secondary task to measure workload: summary of research . Proceedings of the 14th Annual Conference on Manual Control . pp. 693 – 712 . Washington : NASA .
   Google Scholar
• HICKS , R. E. , MILLER , G. W. and KINSBOURNE , M. 1976 . Prospective and restrospective judgments of time as a function of amount of information processed . American Journal of Psychology , 89 : 719 – 730 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCCLAIN , L. 1983 . Interval estimation: eOEect of processing demands on prospective and retrospective reports . Peception & Psychophysics , 34 : 185 – 189 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCCLEOD , C. M. 1991 . Half a century of research on the Stroop eOEect: an integrative review . Psychological Bulletin , 103 : 163 – 203 .
   Google Scholar
• MEYER , J. , BITAN , Y. and SHINAR , D. 1995 . Displaying a boundary in graphic and symbolic ‘wait’ displays: duration estimates the users' performances . International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction , 7 : 273 – 290 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MEYER , J. , SHINAR , D. , BITAN , Y. and LEISER , D. 1996 . Duration estimates and users' preferences in human-computer interaction . Ergonomics , 39 : 46 – 60 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MORAY , N. 1988 . “ Mental workload since 1979 ” . In International Reviews of Ergonomics , Edited by: Osborne , D. J. Vol. 2 , 38 – 64 . London : Taylor & Francis .
   Google Scholar
• REID , G. B. and NYGREN , T. E. 1988 . “ The subjective workload assessment technique: a scaling procedure for measuring mental workload ” . In Human Mental Workload , Edited by: Hancock , P. A. and Meshkati , N. 185 – 213 . Amsterdam : North-Holland Press .
   Google Scholar
• STROOP , J. R. 1935 . Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions . Journal of Experimental Psychology , 18 : 643 – 662 .
   Google Scholar
• THOMAS , E. A. C. and WEAVER , W. B. 1975 . Cognitive processing and time perception . Perception & Psychophysics , 17 : 363 – 367 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WICKENS , C. D. 1992 . Engineering Psychology and Human Performance , 2nd Ed. , New York : Harper Collins .
   Google Scholar
• WIERWILLE , W. W. and CONNOR , S. A. 1983 . Evaluation of 20 workload measures using a psychomotor task in a moving-base aircraft simulator . Human Factors , 25 : 1 – 16 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WIERWILLE , W. W. , RAHIMI , M. and CASALI , J. G. 1985 . Evaluation of 16 measures of mental workload using a simulated fight task emphasizing mediational activity . Human Factors , 27 : 489 – 502 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZAKAY , D. 1989 . “ Subjective time and attentional resource allocation: an integrated model of times estimation ” . In Time and human Cognition, A life Span Perspective , Edited by: Levin , I. and Zakay , D. 365 – 397 . Amsterdam : North-Holland .
   Google Scholar
• ZAKAY , D. 1993a . Time estimation methods — do they influence prospective duration estimates? . Perception , 22 : 91 – 101 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZAKAY , D. 1993b . Relative and absolute duration judgments under prospective and retrospective paradigms . Perception & Psychophysics , 54 : 656 – 664 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZAKAY , D. and BLOCK , R. A. 1996 . “ The role of attention in time estimation processes ” . In Time, Internal Clocks and Movement , Edited by: Pastor , M. and Artieda , J. 143 – 164 . Amsterdam : North- Holland .
   Google Scholar
• ZAKAY , D. , TSAL , Y. , MOSES , M. and SHAHAR , I . 1994 . The role of segmentation in prospective time estimates . Memory & Cognition , 22 : 344 – 351 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar