Recruitment of low threshold motor-units in the trapezius muscle in different static arm positions

References

• ANDREASSEN , S. and ROSENFALCK , A.-L. 1980 . Regulation of the firing pattern of single motorunits . Journal of Neurology , 43 : 897 – 906 .
   Google Scholar
• BASMAJIAN , J. V. 1977 . Muscles Alive , Baltimore : Williams & Wilkins .
   Google Scholar
• BENGTSSON , A. and HENRIKSSON , K. G. 1989 . The muscle in fibromyalgia-a review of Swedish studies . Journal of Rheumatology , 16 : 144 – 149 . (suppl., 19)
   Google Scholar
• BROMAN , H. 1988 . Knowledge-based signal processing in the decomposition of myoelectric signals . IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine , June : 24 – 28 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ELERT , J. , RANTAPÄÄ-DAHLQVIST , S. B. , HENRIKSSON-LARSÉN , K. , LORENTZON , R. and GERDLE , B. 1992 . Muscle performance, electromyography and fibre type composition in fibromyalgia and work-related myalgia . Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology , 21 : 28 – 34 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ENOKA , R. , ROBINSON , G. and KOSSEV , A. 1989 . Task and fatigue effects on low-threshold motor-units in human hand muscle . Journal of Neurophysiology , 62 : 1344 – 1359 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ETAWIL , H. and STASHIK , D. 1996 . Resolving superimposed motor-unit action potentials . Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing , 34 : 33 – 40 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• FALLENTIN , N. , JØRGEBSEN , K. and SIMONSEN , E. 1993 . Motor unit recruitment during prolonged isometric contractions . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 67 : 335 – 341 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FUGLEVAND , A. J. , WINTER , D. and PATLA , A. E. 1993 . Models of recruitment and rate coding organization in motor-units . Journal of Neurophysiology , 70 : 2470 – 2488 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HÄGG , G. 1991 . “ Static work loads and occupational myalgia-a new explanation model ” . In Electromyographical Kinesiology , Edited by: Anderson , P. A. , Hobart , D. J. and Danoff , J. V. 141 – 143 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• HÄGG , G. and SUURKÜLA , A. 1991 . Zero crossing rate of electromyograms during occupational work and endurance test as predictors for work related myalgia in the shoulder/neck region . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 62 : 436 – 444 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HENNEMAN , E. , SOMJEN , G. and CARPENTER , D. O. 1965 . Excitability and inhibitability of motoneurons of different sizes . Journal of Neurophysiology , 28 : 599 – 620 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HÜNTING , W. , LÄUBLI , T. and GRANDJEAN , E. 1981 . Postural and visual loads at VDT workplace: 1. Constrained postures . Ergonomics , 24 : 917 – 931 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JENSEN , C. , VASSELJEN , O. and WESTGAARD , R. 1993 . The influence of electrode position on bipolar surface electromyogram recordings of the trapezius muscle . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 67 : 266 – 273 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JOHANSSON , H. and SOJKA , P. 1991 . Patophysiological mechanisms involved in genesis and spread of muscular tension in occupational muscle pain and in chronic musculoskeletal pain syndromes: a hypothesis . Medical Hypotheses , 35 : 196 – 203 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KADEFORS , R. and HERBERTS , P. 1976 . “ Single fine-wire electrodes: properties in quantitative studies of muscle function ” . In Biomechanics V. A , Edited by: Komi , P. 229 – 236 . Baltimore : University Park Press .
   Google Scholar
• KUORINKA , I. and FORCIER , L. , eds. 1995 . Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders , 84 – 90 . London : Taylor & Francis .
   Google Scholar
• KUORINKA , I. and KOSKINEN , P. 1979 . Occupational rheumatic diseases and upper limb strain in manual jobs in a light mechanical industry . Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment and Health , 5 : 39 – 47 . (suppl. 3)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LARSSON , S. E. , BENGTSSON , A. , BODEGÄRD , L. , HENRIKSSON , K. G. and LARSSON , J. 1988 . Muscle changes in work related chronic myalgia . Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavia , 59 : 552 – 556 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEFEVER , R. S. and DE LUCA , C. J. 1982 . Procedure for decomposing the myoelectric signal into its constituent action potentials . IEEE Transactions of Medical and Biological Engineering , 29 : 149 – 162 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LINDMAN , R. , HAGBERG , M. , ÄNGQVIST , K.-A. , SÖDERLUND , K. , HULTMAN , E. and THORNELL , L.-E. 1991 . Changes in muscle morphology in chronic trapezius myalgia . Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment and Health , 17 : 347 – 355 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LOUDON , G. H. , JONES , N. B. and SEHMI , A. S. 1992 . New signal processing techniques for the decomposition of EMG signals . Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing , 30 : 591 – 599 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LUNDBERG , U. , KADEFORS , R. , MELIN , B. , PALMERUD , G. , HASSMÉN , P. , ENGSTRÖM , M. and ELFSBERG DOHNS , I. 1994 . Psychophysiological stress and EMG activity of the trapezius muscle . International Journal of Behavioral Medicine , 1 : 354 – 370 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCGILL , K. C. , CUMMINS , K. L. and DORFMAN , L. J. 1985 . Automatic decomposition of the clinical electromyogram . IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering , 32 : 470 – 477 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCNULTY , W. , GEVIRTZ , R. , HUBBARD , D. and BERKOFF , G. 1994 . Needle electromyographic evaluation of trigger point response to a psychological stressor . Psychophysiology , 31 : 313 – 316 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ÖBERG , T. , KARSZNIA , A. , SANDSJÖ , L. and KADEFORS , R. 1995 . Work load, fatigue and pause patterns in dental hygiene . Journal of Dental Hygiene , 69 : 223 – 229 .
   Google Scholar
• ÖBERG , T. , SANDSJÖ , L. , KADEFORS , R. and LARSSON , S.-E. 1992 . Electromyographic changes in work-related trapezius myalgia . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 65 : 251 – 257 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SANDSJÖ , L. , KADEFORS , R. , PALMERUD , G. , LUNDBERG , U. , MELIN , B. , ELFSBERG DOHNS , I. , EKSTRÖM , M. and PARR , D. Trapezius muscle relaxation patterns in female supermarket cashiers . Proceedings of the 25th International Congress on Occupational Health . pp. 102 Stockholm, , Sweden : ICOH '96 .
   Google Scholar
• SJØGAARD , G. Motor control patterns and muscle fatigue comprise risk factors in the development of neck and shoulder disorders . Proceedings of the 12th Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association . Vol. 2 , pp. 114 – 115 . Toronto, , Canada : IEA '94 .
   Google Scholar
• SØGAARD , K. 1995 . Motor-unit recruitment pattern during low-level static and dynamiv contractions . Muscle and Nerve , 18 : 292 – 300 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STASHUK , D. and OU , Y. 1996 . Adaptive motor-unit action potential clustering using shape and temporal information . Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing , 34 : 41 – 49 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SUURKÜLA , J. and HÄGG , G. 1987 . Relations between shoulder/neck disorders and EMG zero crossing shifts in female assembly workers using the test contraction method . Ergonomics , 30 : 1553 – 1564 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VEIERSTED , K. B. and WESTGAARD , R. H. 1993 . Development of trapezius myalgia among female workers performing light manual work . Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment and Health , 19 : 277 – 283 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VEIERSTED , K. B. , WESTGAARD , R. H. and ANDERSON , P. 1993 . Electromyographic evaluation of muscular work pattern as a predictor of trapezius myalgia . Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment and Health , 19 : 284 – 290 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WAERSTED , M. , BJÖRKLUND , R. A. and WESTGAARD , R. H. 1991 . Shoulder muscle tension induced by two VDU-based tasks of different complexity . Ergonomics , 34 : 137 – 150 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WAERSTED , M. , EKEN , T. and WESTGAARD , R. H. 1996 . Activity of single motor-units in attention-demanding tasks: firing pattern in the human trapezius muscle . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 72 : 323 – 329 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WESTGAARD , R. H. and DE LUCA , C. Motor unit substitution during sustained contractions: implications for ergonomics . Proceedings of the 13th Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association . Vol. 4 , pp. 237 Tampere, , Finland : IEA'97 .
   Google Scholar