References
- Abou-Zhar, C. & T. Wardlaw. 2001. Maternal Mortality at the End of a Decade: Signs of Progress. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 79(6):561–73.
- Ali, Kamran Asdar. 2002. Planning the Family in Egypt: New Bodies, New Selves, Austin: University of Texas Press
- Anderson, Warwick. 2003. The Cultivation of Whiteness: Science, Health and Racial Destiny in Australia, New York, NY: Basic Books
- Arnold, David. 1993. Colonizing the Body, Berkeley: University of California Press
- Balsamo, Anne. 1999. Public Pregnancies and Cultural Narratives of Surveillance. In Revisioning Women, Health, and Healing: Feminist, Cultural, and Technoscience Perspectives, edited by A. Clarke & V. Olesen. pp. 231–53. New York, NY: Routledge
- Bandarage, Asoka. 1997. Women, Population, and Global Crisis: A Political-Economic Analysis, London: Zed Books
- Bashford, Alison. 2006. Global Biopolitics and the History of World Health. History of the Human Sciences, 19(1):67–88. doi: 10.1177/0952695106062148
- Baskett, T. F.. 2004. The Development of Oxytocin Drugs in the Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage. Ulster Medical Journal, 73(May Suppl):2–6.
- Bhutta, Shereen, Sadiqua Jafarey, & Farid Midhet. 2004. Safe Motherhood: A Situation Analysis and Recommendation for Evidence-Based Approaches. In Maternal and Child Health in Pakistan: Challenges and Opportunities, edited by Z. Bhutta. pp. 1–17. Oxford: Oxford University Press
- Boddy, Janice. 1989. Wombs and Alien Spirits: Women, Men, and the Zar Cult in Northern Sudan, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press
- Brhlikova, P., P. Jeffery, G. P. Bhatia, & S. Khurana. 2009. Intrapartum Oxytocin (Mis)use in South Asia. Journal of Health Studies, 2:33–50.
- Chatterjee, Partha. 1993. The Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial Histories, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
- Clarke, Adele. 1998. Disciplining Reproduction: Modernity, American Life Sciences, and the Problems of Sex, Berkeley: University of California Press
- Cohen, Lawrence. 1999. Where it Hurts: Indian Material for an Ethics of Organ Transplantation. Daedalus, 128(4):135–66.
- Cohen, Lawrence. 2001. The Other Kidney: Biopolitics Beyond Recognition. Body and Society, 7:9–29.2–3 doi: 10.1177/1357034X0100700202
- Cohn, Bernard. 1996. Colonialism and its Forms of Knowledge: The British in India, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
- Connelly, Matthew. 2008. Fatal Misconceptions: The Struggle to Control World Population, Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press
- Das, Veena. 2004. Signature of the State: The Paradox of Illegibility. In Anthropology in the Margins of the State, edited by Veena Das & Deborah Poole. pp. 225–52. New Delhi: Oxford University Press
- Davis-Floyd, Robbie & Carolyn Sargent (eds.). 1997. Childbirth and Authoritative Knowledge: Cross-Cultural Perspectives. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Ebrahim, Zofeen. 2010. Pakistan: Controversial Drug Welcomes by Some, Worries Others. Global Geopolitics & Political Economy/IPS August 10, Karachi, Pakistan.
- Ecks, Stefan. 2008. Global Pharmaceutical Markets and Corporate Citizenship: The Case of Novartis’ Anti-Cancer Drug Glivec. BioSocieties, 3(2):165–81. doi: 10.1017/S1745855208006091
- Escobar, Arturo. 1995. Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
- Fausto-Sterling, Anne. 1995. Gender, Race, and Nation. In Deviant Bodies: Critical Perspectives on Difference in Science and Popular Culture, edited by Jennifer Terry & Jacqueline Urla. pp. 19–48. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press
- FDA (The Food and Drug Administration). 1982. Use of Approved Drugs for Unlabeled Indications, Washington, DC: FDA Bulletin. 12:4–5
- Ferguson, James. 1994. The Anti-Politics Machine: ‘Development’, Depoliticization, and Bureaucratic Power in Lesotho, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press
- Flandermeyer, D., C. Stanton, & D. Armbruster. 2010. Uterotonic Use at Homebirths in Low-Income Countries: A Literature Review. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 108(3):69–75. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2009.12.001
- Foucault, Michel. 1978. The History of Sexuality. Volume 1: An Introduction, New York, NY: Random House
- Foucault, Michel. 1979. On Governmentality. Ideology and Consciousness, 5:5–22.
- Friedman, M. A.. 2001. Manufacturer's Warning Regarding Unapproved Uses of Misoprostol. New England Journal of Medicine, 344:61 doi: 10.1056/NEJM200101043440113
- Ginsburg, F. & R. Rapp (eds.). 1995. Conceiving the New World Order: The Global Politics of Reproduction. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Government of Pakistan. 2000. Integrated Household Survey 1998–1999, Islamabad: Federal Bureau of Statistics
- Government of Pakistan. 2005. The Roadmap for Action: Millennium Development Goals in Pakistan. National Maternal and Child Health Policy and Strategic Framework (2005–2015), Islamabad: Ministry of Health, April
- Gülmezoglu, A. M.. 2001. WHO Multicentre Randomised Trial of Misoprostol in the Management of the Third Stage of Labour. Lancet, 358:689–95. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05835-4
- Gupta, Akhil. 2000 [1998]. Postcolonial Development: Agriculture in the Making of Modern India, Durham, NC: Duke University Press
- Hall, Stuart. 1996. When was ‘The Post-Colonial’? Thinking at the Limit. In The Post-colonial Question: Common Skies Divided Horizons, edited by Lain Chambers & Lidia Curti. pp. 242–60. London: Routledge
- Hartman, Betsy. 1987. Reproductive Rights and Wrongs: The Global Politics of Population Control and Contraceptive Choice, New York, NY: Harper & Row
- Hofmeyr, Justus G., Metin A. Gülmezoglu, Natalia Novikova, Vereana Linder, Sandra Ferreira, & Gilda Piaggio. 2009. Misoprostol to Prevent and Treat Postpartum Haemorrahge: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Maternal Deaths and Dose-related Effects. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 87:666–77. doi: 10.2471/BLT.08.055715
- Hunt, Nancy Rose. 1999. A Colonial Lexicon of Birth Ritual, Medicalization, and Mobility in the Congo, Durham, NC: Duke University Press
- IJPS (International Joint Policy Statement). 2004. FIGO/ICM Global Initiative to Prevent Post-partum Hemorrhage. Journal of Obstetric Gynaecology Canada, 26(12):1100–11.
- Inhorn, Marcia. 2003. Reproduction Gone Awry: Medical Anthropological Perspectives. Social Science and Medicine, 56:1831–6. doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00207-1
- Jeffery, Patricia, Roger Jeffery, & A. Lyon. 1998. Labour Pains and Labour Power: Women and Childbearing in India, London: Zed Books
- Jeffery, P., A. Das, J. Dasgupta, & R. Jeffery. 2007. Unmonitored Intrapartum Oxytocin Use in Home Deliveries: Evidence from Uttar Pradesh, India. Reproductive Health Matters, 15(20):172–78. doi: 10.1016/S0968-8080(07)30320-0
- Joffe, Carole & Tracy A. Wietz. 2003. Normalizing the Exceptional: Incorporating the ‘Abortion Pill’ into Mainstream Medicine. Social Science & Medicine, 56:2353–66. doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00240-X
- Jolly, Margaret. 2001. Infertile States: Person and Collectivity; Region and Nation in the rhetoric of Pacific Population. In Borders of Being: Citizenship, Fertility, and Sexuality in Asia and the Pacific, edited by Margaret Jolly & Kalpana Ram. pp. 262–306. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan
- Koenig, Barbara. 1988. The Technological Imperative in Medical Practice: The Social Creation of ‘Routine’ Treatment. In Biomedicine Examined, edited by Margaret Lock & Deborah Gordon. pp. 465–96. Dordrecht: Kluwer
- Latour, Bruno. 2001. What Rules of Method for the New Socio-Scientific Experiments’ Planetary Lecture March 30th for the Darmsdadt Colloquium, ‘Regeln fur die neuen wissenschaftlichen und sozialen experimente’. POP ARTICLES: http://www.bruno-latour.fr/poparticles/poparticle/p095.html (Accessed 14 July 2011)
- Lee, Valerie. 1996. Granny Midwives and Black Women Writers: Double-Dutched Readings, New York, NY: Routledge
- Lock, Margaret & Patricia Kaufert, (eds). 1998. Introduction. In Pragmatic Women and Body Politics, pp. 1–27. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
- Majoko, F. T. Magwali, & M. Zwizwai. 2002. Uterine Rupture Associated with the Use of Misoprostol for Labour. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 76:77–8. doi: 10.1016/S0020-7292(01)00553-7
- Mamdani, Mahmood. 1972. The Myth of Population Control: Family, Caste, and Class in an Indian Village, New York, NY: Monthly Review Press
- Marks, Shula. 1997. What is Colonial About Colonial Medicine? And Has Happened to Imperialism and Health?. Social History of Medicine, 10:205–20. doi: 10.1093/shm/10.2.205
- Marks, Lara. 1998. A Cage of Ovulating Females’: The History of the Early Oral Contraceptive Pill Clinical Trials, 1950–1959. In Molecularizing Biology and Medicine: New Practices and Alliances, 1910s–1970s, edited by H. Kamminga, & D. de Chardarevina. pp. 221–47. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic
- Marsden, Wagner. 2003. Cytotec Induction and Off-Label Use. Midwifery Today, 67.
- Martin, Emily. 1987. The Woman in the Body: A Cultural Analysis of Reproduction, Boston, MA: Beacon Press
- Mass, Bonnie. 1976. Population Target: The Political Economy of Population Control in Latin America, Toronto: Women's Press
- Mehta, Uday S. 1997. Liberal Strategies of Exclusion. In Tensions of Empire: Colonial Cultures in a Bourgeois World, edited by Frederick Cooper & Ann L. Stoler. pp. 59–86. Berkeley: University of California Press
- Mehta, Uday S. 1999. Liberalism and Empire: A Study in Nineteenth-Century British Liberal Thought, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press
- Mintzes, Barbara, Anita Hardon, & Jannemieke Hanhart. 1993. Norplant: Under her Skin, Amsterdam: WEMOS
- Mitchell, Timothy. 1991. Colonizing Egypt, Berkeley: University of California Press
- Moore. 2005. Suffering for Territory: Race, Place, and Power in Zimbabwe, Durham, NC: Duke University Press
- Murphy, Michelle. 2010. Technology, Governmentality, and Population Control. History and Technology, 24(1):69–76. doi: 10.1080/07341510903545615
- Nair, Sumati, Preeti Kirbat, & Sarah Sexton. 2006. A Decade after Cairo: Women's Health in a Free Market Economy. Indian Journal of Gender Studies, 13:171–93. doi: 10.1177/097152150601300203
- Nguyen, Vinh-Kim. 2009. Government-by-Exception: Enrolment and Experimentality in Mass HIV Treatment Programmes in Africa. Social Theory and Health, 7(3):196–217. doi: 10.1057/sth.2009.12
- Nguyen, Vinh-Kim. 2010. The Republic of Therapy: Triage and Sovereignty in West Africa's Time of AIDS, Durham, NC: Duke University Press
- Oden, Madeline. 2009. The Freedom to Birth – The Use of Cytotec to Induce Labor: A Non-Evidence-Based Intervention. Journal of Perinatal Education, 18(2):48–51. doi: 10.1624/105812409X426332
- Oudshoorn, Nelly. 2002. Drugs for Healthy People: The Culture of Testing Hormonal Contraceptives for Women and Men. In Biographies of Remedies: Drugs, Medicines, and Contraceptives in Dutch and Anglo American Healing Cultures, edited by G. M. Van Heteren & E. M. Tansey. pp. 123–40. Amsterdam: Rodopi
- Petryna, Adriana. 2005. Ethical Variability: Drug Development and Globalizing Clinical Trials. American Ethnologist, 32(2):183–97. doi: 10.1525/ae.2005.32.2.183
- Petryna, Adriana. 2009. When Experiments Travel, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
- Petryna, Adriana, Andrew Lakoff, & Arthur Kleinman (eds.). 2006. Global Pharmaceuticals: Ethics, Markets, Practices. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
- Pigg, Stacy L. 1997. Authority in Translation: Finding, Knowing, Naming, and Training ‘Traditional Birth Attendants’ in Nepal. In Childbirth and Authoritative Knowledge: Cross-Cultural Perspectives, edited by R. Davis Floyd & C. Sargent. pp. 233–62. Berkeley: University of California Press
- Population Council. 2004. Misoprostol: An Emerging Technology for Women's Health. Report of a Seminar, edited by Caitlan S. Shannon & Beverly Winikoff. New York, NY: Population Council, May 7–8.
- Potts, Malcolm, Ndola Prata, & Nuriye N. Sahin-Hodoglugil. 2010. Maternal Mortality: One Death Every 7 Min. Lancet, 375:1762–63. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60750-7
- Prakash, Gyan. 1999. Another Reason: Science and the Imagination of Modern India, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
- Prakash, Gyan. 2000. Body Politic in Colonial India. In Questions of Modernity, edited by T. Mitchell. pp. 189–22. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press
- Rabinow, Paul. 1989. French Modern: Norms and Forms of the Social Environment, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
- Ram, Kalpana & Margaret Jolly (eds.). 1998. Maternities and Modernities: Colonial and Postcolonial Experiences in Asia and Pacific. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Rapp, Rayna. 1999. Testing Women, Testing the Fetus: The Social Impact of Amniocentesis in America, New York: Routledge
- Rheinberger, Hans-Jörg. 1995. From Experimental Systems to Cultures of Experimentation. In Concepts, Theories, and Rationality in the Biological Sciences. The Second Pittsburg-Konstanz Colloquium in the Philosophy of Science, edited by G. Wolters & J. G. Lennox. pp. 107–22. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press
- Rose, Nikolas. 1999. Powers of Freedom: Reframing Political Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Rottenburg, Richard. 2009. Social and Public Experiments and New figurations of Science and Politics in Postcolonial Africa. Postcolonial Studies, 12(4):423–40. doi: 10.1080/13688790903350666
- Said, Edward. 1978. Orientalism, New York, NY: Vintage Books
- Scheper-Huges, Nancy. 2001. Commodity Fetischism in Organs Trafficking. Body and Society, 7:31–62.2–3 doi: 10.1177/1357034X0100700203
- Scott, David. 1995. Colonial Governmentality. Social Text, 43:191–220. doi: 10.2307/466631
- Stocking, George W. 1982. Race, Culture, and Evolution: Essays in the History of Anthropology, Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press
- Sunder Rajan, Kaushik. 2006. Biocapital: The Constitution of Postgenomic Life, Durham, NC: Duke University Press
- Sunder Rajan, Kaushik. 2007. Experimental Values: Indian Clinical Trials and Surplus Health. New Left Review, 45:67–88.
- Tansey, E. M. 2001. Ergot to Ergometrine: An Obstetric Renaisssance?. In Women and Modern Medicine, edited by Lawrence Conrad & Anne Hardy. pp. 23–52. Amsterdam: Editions Rodopi B. V
- Thaddeus, S. & D. Main. 1994. Too Far to Walk: Maternal Mortality in Context. Social Science and Medicine, 38:1091–110. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(94)90226-7
- Towghi, Fouzieyha. 2004. Shifting Policies Toward Traditional Midwives: Implications for Reproductive Health Care in Pakistan. In Unhealthy Health Policy: A Critical Anthropological Examination, edited by Arachu Castro & Merril Singer. pp. 79–95. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira
- Towghi, Fouzieyha. 2012. Cutting In-operable bodies: Particularizing Rural Sociality to Normalize Hysterectomies in Balochistan, Pakistan. Medical Anthropology: Cross-Cultural Studies in Health and Illness, 31(3):229–48.
- Towghi, Fouzieyha. 2013. The Biopolitics of Reproductive Technologies Beyond the Clinic: Localizing HPV Vaccines in India. Medical Anthropology: Cross-Cultural Studies in Health and Illness, 32(4):325–42.
- Towghi, Fouzieyha & Shalini Randeria. 2013. Pharmaceutical Mobilities and the Market for Women's Reproductive Health: Moving HPV-Vaccines and Contraceptives through NGOs and the State in India. In Critical Mobilities, edited by O. Söderström, S. Randeria, D. Ruedin, G. D'Amato, & F. Panese. pp. 177–212. London: PPUR Routledge
- Towghi, Fouzieyha & Kalindi Vora. 2013. Introduction: Bodies, Markets and the Experimental in South Asia. Ethnos. doi: /10.1080/00141844.2013.810660.
- Treichler, Paula. 1990. Feminism, Medicine, and the Meaning of Childbirth. In Body/Politics: Women and the Discourses of Science, edited by Mary Jacobus, Evelyn Fox Keller, & Sally Shuttleworth. pp. 113–38. New York, NY: Routledge
- Van Hollen, Cecilia. 2003. Birth on the Threshold: Childbirth and Modernity in South India, Berkeley: University of California Press
- Vaughan, Megan. 1991. Curing Their Ills: Colonial Power and African Illness, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press
- Vora, Kalindi. 2009. Indian Transnational Surrogacy and the Commidification of Vital Energy. Subjectivities, 28(1):266–78. doi: 10.1057/sub.2009.14
- Waldy, Catherine & Melinda Cooper. 2008. The Biopolitics of Reproduction: Post-Fordist Biotechnology and Women's Clinical Labour. Australian Feminist Studies, 23(55):57–73. doi: 10.1080/08164640701816223
- Wells, Janet. 2006. Women's Health, Collateral Damage: Why can't We Prevent More Childbirth Deaths? Blame Abortion Politics. SF GATE San Francisco Chronicle. June 4.
- WHO. 2002. Global Monitoring and Evaluations: Skilled Attendant at Delivery-2001 Estimates. www.who.int/reproductive-health/global_monitoring/skilled_attendance.html
- WHO. 2005. World Health Report 2005. Geneva: World Health Organization.
- WHO. 2010. Clarifying WHO Position on Misoprostol Use in the Community to Reduce Maternal Death. Department of Reproductive Health and Research. WHO/RHR/10.11.