163
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Refertilization of serpentinites in the Sulu UHP terrane, Eastern China: constraints from geochronology, mineral composition, geochemistry, and Re–Os isotopes

, , , , , & show all
Pages 1897-1913 | Received 23 Jun 2015, Accepted 11 May 2016, Published online: 06 Jun 2016

References

  • Adam, J., and Green, T., 2006, Trace element partitioning between mica- and amphibole-bearing garnet lherzolite and hydrous basanitic melt: 1. Experimental results and the investigation of controls on partitioning behaviour: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 152, p. 1–17. doi:10.1007/s00410-006-0085-4
  • Alard, O., Griffin, W.L., Pearson, N., Lorand, J.-P., and O’Reilly, S.Y., 2002, New insights into the Re–Os systematics of sub-continental lithospheric mantle from in situ analysis of sulphides: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 203, p. 651–663. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00799-9
  • Alard, O., Luguet, A., Pearson, N.J., Griffin, W.L., Lorand, J.-P., Gannoun, A., Burton, K.W., and O’Reilly, S.Y., 2005, In situ Os isotopes in abyssal peridotites bridge the isotopic gap between MORBs and their source mantle: Nature, v. 436, p. 1005–1008. doi:10.1038/nature03902
  • Arai, S., 1994, Characterization of spinel peridotites by olivine spinel compositional relationships: Review and interpretation: Chemical Geology, v. 113, p. 191–204. doi:10.1016/0009-2541(94)90066-3
  • Barnes, S.-J., Naldrett, A.J., and Gorton, M.P., 1985, The origin of the fractionation of platinum-group elements in Terrestrial Magmas: Chemical Geology, v. 53, no. 3–4, p. 303–323. doi:10.1016/0009-2541(85)90076-2
  • Barnes, S.J., and Roeder, P.L., 2001, The range of spinel compositions in terrestrial mafic and ultramafic rocks: Journal of Petrology, v. 42, p. 2279–2302. doi:10.1093/petrology/42.12.2279
  • Batanova, V.G., Brügmann, G.E., Bazylev, B.A., Sobolev, A.V., Kamenetsky, V.S., and Hofmann, A.W., 2008, Platinum-group element abundances and Os isotope composition of mantle peridotites from the Mamonia complex, Cyprus: Chemical Geology, v. 248, p. 195–212. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.09.002
  • Becker, H., 2000, Re-Os fractionation in eclogites and blueschists and the implications for recycling of oceanic crust into the mantle: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 177, p. 287–300. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00052-2
  • Becker, H., Horan, M.F., Walker, R.J., Gao, S., Lorand, J.-P., and Rudnick, R.L., 2006, Highly siderophile element composition of the earth’s primitive upper mantle: Constraints from new data on peridotite massifs and xenoliths: Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 70, p. 4528–4550. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.004
  • Bockrath, C., Ballhaus, C., and Holzheid, A., 2004, Stabilities of laurite RuS2 and monosulfide liquid solution at magmatic temperature: Chemical Geology, v. 208, p. 265–271. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.04.016
  • Brandon, A.D., Snow, J.E., Walker, R.J., Morgan, J.W., and Mock, T.D., 2000, 190Pt-186Os and 187Re-187Os systematics of abyssal peridotites: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 177, p. 319–335. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00044-3
  • Canil, D., O’Neill, H., Pearson, D.G., Rudnick, R.L., McDonough, W.F., and Carswell, D.A., 1994, Ferric iron in peridotites and mantle oxidation states: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 123, p. 205–220. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(94)90268-2
  • Capobianco, C.J., and Drake, M.J., 1990, Partitioning of ruthenium, rhodium, and palladium between spinel and silicate melt and implications for platinum group element fractionation trends: Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 54, p. 869–874. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(90)90379-Y
  • Chen, S.Z., Yang, J.S., Xu, Z.Q., Li, T.F., Zhang, Z.M., and Zhang, W.L., 2005, Petrology of PP3 ultramafic rocks in Sulu UHP belt and its significance: Acta Petrologica Sinica, v. 21, no. 2, p. 369–380.
  • Coleman, R.G., 1977, Ophiolites: Berlin, Heidelberg, Spring-Verlag.
  • Cookenboo, H.O., Bustin, R.M., and Wilks, K.R., 1997, Detrital chromium spinel compositions used to reconstruct the tectonic setting of provenance: Implications for orogeny in the Canadian Cordilera: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 67, p. 116–123.
  • Deschamps, F., Godard, M., Guillot, S., and Hattori, K., 2013, Geochemistry of subduction zone serpentinites: A review: Lithos, v. 178, no. 2013, p. 96–127. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2013.05.019
  • Dick, H.J.B., and Bullen, T., 1984, Chromian spinel as a petrogenetic indicator in abyssal and alpine-type peridotites and spatially associated lavas: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 86, p. 54–76. doi:10.1007/BF00373711
  • Godard, M., Lagabrielle, Y., Alard, O., and Harvey, J., 2008, Geochemistry of the highly depleted peridotites drilled at ODP sites 1272 and 1274 (fifteen-twenty fracture zone, mid-Atlantic ridge): Implications for mantle dynamics beneath a slow spreading ridge: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 267, p. 410–425. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.11.058
  • Harvey, J., Dale, C.W., Gannoun, A., and Burton, K.W., 2011, Osmium mass balance in peridotite and the effects of mantle-derived sulphides on basalt petrogenesis: Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 75, p. 5574–5596. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2011.07.001
  • Harvey, J., Gannoun, A., Burton, K.W., Rogers, N.W., Alard, O., and Parkinson, I.J., 2006, Ancient melt extraction from the oceanic upper mantle revealed by Re-Os isotopes in abyssal peridotites from the Mid-Atlantic ridge: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 244, p. 606–621. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.02.031
  • Hattori, K.H., and Guillot, S., 2007, Geochemical character of serpentinites associated with high to ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks in the Alps, Cuba, and the Himalayas: Recycling of elements in subduction zones: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 8, p. 09–10. doi:10.1029/2007GC001594
  • Hong, L.-B., Xu, Y.-G., Ren, Z.-Y., Kuang, Y.-S., Zhang, Y.-L., Li, J., Wang, F.-Y., and Zhang, H., 2012, Petrology, geochemistry and Re–Os isotopes of peridotite xenoliths from Yantai, Shandong Province: Evidence for Phanerozoic lithospheric mantle beneath eastern North China Craton: Lithos, v. 155, no. 2012, p. 256–271. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2012.09.005
  • Ishii, T., Robinson, P.T., Maekawa, H., and Fiske, R., 1992, Petrological studies of peridotites from diapiric serpentinite seamounts in the Izu–Ogasawara–Mariana forearc, Leg 125, in Fryer, P., Pearce, J.A., and Stokking, L.B., eds., Proceedings of the ocean drilling program, scientific results, Volume 125: College Station, TX, Ocean Drilling Program, p. 445–485.
  • Kodolanyi, J., Pettke, T., Spandler, C., Kamber, B.S., and Gmeling, K., 2012, Geochemistry of ocean floor and fore-arc serpentinites: Constraints on the ultramafic input to subduction zones: Journal of Petrology, v. 53, p. 235–270. doi:10.1093/petrology/egr058
  • Li, Y., Yang, J.S., Liu, Z., Jia, Y., and Xu, X.Z., 2011, The origins of Baer ophiolitic peridotite and its implication in the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone, southern Tibet: Acta Petrologica Sinica, v. 27, no. 11, p. 3239–3254.
  • Liu, C.-Z., Snow, J.E., Hellebrand, E., Brügmann, G., Handt, A., Büchl, A., and Hofmann, A.W., 2008, Ancient, highly heterogeneous mantle beneath Gakkel ridge, Arctic Ocean: Nature, v. 452, p. 311–316. doi:10.1038/nature06688
  • Liu, F.L., and Liou, J.G., 2011, Zircon as the best mineral for P-T-time history of UHP metamorphism: A review on mineral inclusions and U-Pb SHRIMP ages of zircons from the Dabie-Sulu UHP rocks: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 40, p. 1–39. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.08.007
  • Liu, F.L., Shi, J.R., Liu, J.H., Ye, J.G., Liu, P.H., and Wang, F., 2011, Protolith and ultra-high-pressure (UHP) metamorphic ages of ultramafic rocks in Weihai area, North Sulu UHP terrane: Acta Petrologica Sinica, v. 27, no. 4, p. 1075–1084.
  • Liu, Y.S., Gao, S., Hu, Z.C., Gao, C.G., Zong, K.Q., and Wang, D.B., 2010, Continental and oceanic crust recycling-induced melt–peridotite interactions in the Trans-North China Orogen: U–Pb dating, Hf isotopes and trace elements in zircons from mantle xenoliths: Journal of Petrology, v. 51, p. 537–571. doi:10.1093/petrology/egp082
  • Lorand, J.-P., Luguet, A., and Alard, O., 2008, Platinum–group elements: A new set of key tracers for the earth’s interior: Elements, v. 4, p. 247–252. doi:10.2113/GSELEMENTS.4.4.247
  • Lu, J.G., Zheng, J.P., Griffin, W.L., and Yu, C.M., 2013, Petrology and geochemistry of peridotite xenoliths from the Lianshan region: Nature and evolution of lithospheric mantle beneath the lower Yangtze block: Gondwana Research, v. 23, no. 1, p. 161–175. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2012.01.008
  • Ludwig, K.R., 2003, ISOPLOT 3.00: A geochronological toolkit for Microsoft Excel: Berkeley, CA, Berkeley Geochronology Center.
  • McDonough, W.F., and Sun, -S.-S., 1995, The composition of the earth: Chemical Geology, v. 120, p. 223–253. doi:10.1016/0009-2541(94)00140-4
  • Meisel, T., and Moser, J., 2004, Reference materials for geochemical PGE analysis: New analytical data for Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt and Re by isotope dilution ICP-MS in 11 geological reference materials: Chemical Geology, v. 208, p. 319–338. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.04.019
  • Meisel, T., Walker, R.J., Irving, A.J., and Lorand, J.-P., 2001, Osmium isotopic compositions of mantle xenoliths: A global perspective: Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 65, no. 8, p. 1311–1323. doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00566-4
  • Navon, O., and Stolper, E., 1987, Geochemical consequences of melt percolation: The upper mantle as a chromatographic column: The Journal of Geology, v. 95, p. 285–307. doi:10.1086/629131
  • Niu, Y., 2004, Bulk-rock major and trace element compositions of abyssal peridotites: Implications for mantle melting, melt extraction and post-melting processes beneath mid-ocean ridges: Journal of Petrology, v. 45, p. 2423–2458. doi:10.1093/petrology/egh068
  • Parkinson, I.J., and Pearce, J.A., 1998, Peridotites from the Izu-BoninMariana forearc (ODP Leg 125): Evidence for mantle melting and melt-mantle interaction in a supra-subduction zone setting: Journal of Petrology, v. 39, p. 1577–1618. doi:10.1093/petroj/39.9.1577
  • Paulick, H., Bach, W., Godard, M., Dehoog, J.C.M., Suhr, G., and Harvey, J., 2006, Geochemistry of abyssal peridotites (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 15°20′N, ODP Leg 209): Implications for fluid/rock interaction in slow spreading environments: Chemical Geology, v. 234, p. 179–210. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.04.011
  • Pearce, J.A., Barker, P.F., Edwards, S.J., Parkinson, I.J., and Leat, P.T., 2000, Geochemistry and tectonic significance of peridotites from the South Sandwich arc-basin system, South Atlantic: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 139, p. 36–53. doi:10.1007/s004100050572
  • Peslier, A.H., Reisberg, L., Ludden, J., and Francis, D., 2000, Re–Os constraints on harzburgite and lherzolite formation in the lithospheric mantle: A study of northern Canadian Cordillera xenoliths: Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 64, p. 3061–3071. doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00391-4
  • Press, S., 1986, Detrital spinels from alpinotype source rocks in Middle Devonian sediments of the Rhenish massif: Geologische Rundschau, v. 75, p. 333–340. doi:10.1007/BF01820615
  • Qi, L., Gao, J.-F., Zhou, M.-F., and Hu, J., 2013, The design of Re-usable carius tubes for the determination of rhenium, osmium and platinum-group elements in geological samples: Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, v. 37, no. 3, p. 345–351. doi:10.1111/ggr.2013.37.issue-3
  • Qi, L., Hu, J., and Gregoire, D.C., 2000, Determination of trace elements in granites by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: Talanta, v. 51, p. 507–513. doi:10.1016/S0039-9140(99)00318-5
  • Qi, L., Zhou, M.-F., and Wang, C.Y., 2004, Determination of low concentrations of platinum group elements in geological samples by ID-ICP-MS: Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, v. 19, no. 10, p. 1335–1339. doi:10.1039/b400742e
  • Qi, L., Zhou, M.-F., Wang, C.Y., and Sun, M., 2007, Evaluation of a technique for determining Re and PGEs in geological samples by ICP-MS coupled with a modified Carius tube digestion: Geochemical Journal, v. 41, no. 6, p. 407–414. doi:10.2343/geochemj.41.407
  • Reisberg, L., and Lorand, J.-P., 1995, Longevity of sub-continental mantle lithosphere from osmium isotope systematics in orogenic peridotite massifs: Nature, v. 376, p. 159–162. doi:10.1038/376159a0
  • Ren, Y.F., Gao, X., Yang, J.S., Hu, M.Y., and Jia, Z.R., 2009, Geochemistry of minerals from Macaokuang peridotite in Rongcheng area, Shandong Province: Acta Petrologica ET Mineralogica, v. 28, no. 3, p. 215–224. [in Chinese with English abstract.]
  • Roeder, P.L., and Campbell, I.H., 1985, The effect of post-cumulus reactions on composition of chrome-spinels from the Jimberlana intrusion: Journal of Petrology, v. 26, no. 3, p. 763–786. doi:10.1093/petrology/26.3.763
  • Saumur, B.-M., Hattori, K., and Guillot, S., 2010, Contrasting origins of serpentinites in a subduction complex, northern Dominican Republic: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 122, no. 1–2, p. 292–304. doi:10.1130/B26530.1
  • Snow, J.E., and Reisberg, L., 1995, Os isotopic systematics of the MORB mantle: Results from altered abyssal peridotites: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 136, p. 723–733. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(95)00165-9
  • Song, M.C., Jin, Z.M., Zhao, Q.L., and Duan, J.W., 2004, Contact relation between eclogite and country rock in Junan-Rizhao area and its geological significance: Journal of Mineral Petrology, v. 24, no. 2, p. 1–5. [in Chinese with English abstract.]
  • Tenthorey, E., and Hermann, J., 2004, Composition of fluids during serpentinite breakdown in subduction zones: Evidence for limited boron mobility: Geology, v. 32, no. 10, p. 865–868. doi:10.1130/G20610.1
  • Uysal, İ., Ersoy, E.Y., Karslı, O., Dilek, Y., Sadıklar, M.B., Ottley, C.J., Tiepolo, M., and Meisel, T., 2012, Coexistence of abyssal and ultra-depleted SSZ type mantle peridotites in a Neo-Tethyan Ophiolite in SW Turkey: Constraints from mineral composition, whole-rock geochemistry (major–trace–REE–PGE), and Re–Os isotope systematics: Lithos, v. 132-133, p. 50–69. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2011.11.009
  • Wang, J., Hattori, K., Xu, W.L., Yang, Y., Xie, Z.P., Liu, J., and Song, Y., 2012, Origin of ultramafic xenoliths in high-Mg diorites from east-central China based on their oxidation state and abundance of platinum group elements: International Geology Review, v. 54, p. 1203–1218. doi:10.1080/00206814.2011.628206
  • Wang, J., Hattori, K.H., Kilian, R., and Stern, C.R., 2007, Metasomatism of sub-arc mantle peridotites below southernmost South America: Reduction of fO2 by slab-melt: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 153, p. 607–624. doi:10.1007/s00410-006-0166-4
  • Wang, J., Hattori, K.H., Li, J.P., and Stern, C.R., 2008, Oxidation state of Paleozoic subcontinental lithospheric mantle below the Pali Aike volcanic field in southernmost Patagonia: Lithos, v. 105, p. 98–110. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2008.02.009
  • Widom, E., Kepezhinskas, P., and Defant, M., 2003, The nature of metasomatism in the subarc mantle wedge: Evidence from Re–Os isotopes in Kamchatka peridotite xenoliths: Chemical Geology, v. 196, p. 283–306. doi:10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00417-5
  • Xie, Z.P., Hattori, K., and Wang, J., 2013, Origins of ultramafic rocks in the Sulu Ultrahigh-pressure Terrane, Eastern China: Lithos, v. 178, no. 2013, p. 158–170. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2012.12.003
  • Xiong, Y., and Wood, S.A., 1999, Experimental determination of the solubility of ReO2 and the dominant oxidation state of rhenium in hydrothermal solutions: Chemical Geology, v. 158, p. 245–256. doi:10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00050-9
  • Xu, Z.Q., Yang, W.C., Ji, S.C., Zhang, Z.M., Yang, J.S., Wang, Q., and Tang, Z.M., 2009, Deep root of a continent–continent collision belt: Evidence from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) deep borehole in the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (HP–UHP) metamorphic terrane, China: Tectonophysics, v. 475, no. 2, p. 204–219. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2009.02.029
  • Yang, J.S., Li, T.F., Chen, S.Z., Wu, C.L., Robinson, P.T., Liu, D.Y., and Wooden, J.L., 2009, Genesis of garnet peridotites in the Sulu UHP belt: Examples from the Chinese continental scientific drilling project-main hole, PP1 and PP3 drillholes: Tectonophysics, v. 475, no. 2, p. 359–382. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2009.02.032
  • Ye, K., Cong, B.L., and Ye, D.N., 2000, The possible subduction of continental material to depths greater than 200 km: Nature, v. 407, p. 734–736. doi:10.1038/35037566
  • Yuan, H.L., Gao, S., Rudnick, R.L., Jin, Z.M., Liu, Y.S., Puchtel, I.S., Walker, R.J., and Yu, R.D., 2007, Re–Os evidence for the age and origin of peridotites from the Dabie–Sulu ultrahigh pressure metamorphic belt, China: Chemical Geology, v. 236, p. 323–338. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.10.009
  • Zhang, K.-J., 1997, North and South China collision along the eastern and southern North China margins: Tectonophysics, v. 270, p. 145–156. doi:10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00208-9
  • Zhang, K.J., 2002, Escape hypothesis for the North and South China collision and the tectonic evolution of the Qinling orogen, eastern Asia: Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, v. 95, p. 237–247.
  • Zhang, K.J., 2004, Granulite xenoliths from Cenozoic basalts in SE China provide geochemical fingerprints to distinguish lower crust terranes from the North and South China tectonic blocks: Comment: Lithos, v. 73, p. 127–134. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2003.10.005
  • Zhang, K.-J., 2012, Destruction of the North China Craton: Lithosphere folding-induced removal of lithospheric mantle?: Journal of Geodynamics, v. 53, p. 8–17. doi:10.1016/j.jog.2011.07.005
  • Zhang, K.-J., Cai, J.-X., and Zhu, J.-X., 2006, North China and South China collision: Insights from analogue modeling: Journal of Geodynamics, v. 42, p. 38–51. doi:10.1016/j.jog.2006.04.004
  • Zhang, K.J., Cai, J.X., Zhu, J.X., Huang, Z.J., and Shen, X.Z., 2007, Early Mesozoic overthrust tectonics around the Tanlu fault zone, eastern China: Implications for the North and South China collision: Journal of the Geological Society of India, v. 70, p. 584–594.
  • Zhang, R.Y., Liou, J.G., and Ernst, W.G., 2009, The Dabie–Sulu continental collision zone: A comprehensive review: Gondwana Research, v. 16, p. 1–26. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2009.03.008
  • Zhang, Z., Liou, L., Yang, Y., and Yui, Y., 2000, Petrochemical constraints for dual origin of garnet peridotites from the Dabie–Sulu UHP terrane, eastern-central China: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 18, p. 149–166. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1314.2000.00248.x
  • Zhang, R.Y., Yang, J.S., Wooden, J.L., Liou, J.G., and Li, T.F., 2005, U-Pb SHRIMP geochronology of zircon in garnet peridotite from the Sulu UHP terrane, China: Implications for mantle metasomatism and subduction-zone UHP metamorphism: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 237, p. 729–743. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.07.003
  • Zheng, J.P., 2009, Comparison of mantle-derived materials from different spatiotemporal settings: Implications for destructive and accretional processes of the North China Craton: Chinese Science Bullence, v. 54. doi:10.1007/s11434-009-0308-y
  • Zheng, Y.-F., 2012, Metamorphic chemical geodynamics in continental subduction zones: Chemical Geology, v. 328, p. 5–48. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.02.005
  • Zheng, J.P., Griffin, W.L., O’reilly, S.Y., Yang, J.S., Li, T.F., Zhang, M., Zhang, R.Y., and Liou, J.G., 2006, Mineral chemistry of peridotites from paleozoic, mesozoic and cenozoic lithosphere: Constraints on mantle evolution beneath Eastern China: Journal of Petrology, v. 47, p. 2233–2256. doi:10.1093/petrology/egl042
  • Zheng, J.P., O’Reilly, S.Y., Griffin, W.L., Lu, F.X., Zhang, M., and Pearson, N.J., 2001, Relict refractory mantle beneath the eastern North China block: Significance for lithosphere evolution: Lithos, v. 57, p. 43–66. doi:10.1016/S0024-4937(00)00073-6
  • Zheng, J.P., Sun, M., Griffin, W.L., Zhou, M.F., Zhao, G.C., Robinson, P., Tang, H.Y., and Zhang, Z.H., 2008, Age and geochemistry of contrasting peridotite types in the Dabie UHP belt, eastern China: Petrogenetic and geodynamic implications: Chemical Geology, v. 247, p. 282–304. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.10.023
  • Zheng, L., Zhi, X.C., and Reisberg, L., 2009, Re–Os systematics of the Raobazhai peridotite massifs from the Dabie orogenic zone, eastern China: Chemical Geology, v. 268, no. 1–2, p. 1–14. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.06.021

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.